We are calling the erupting ground water as drug water or mineral water in Korea and thinking those water and food making water. Authors tried to investigate the evidence of contamination by user on the 10 erupting ground water and gained following results: 1. All of the mineral waters on 10 area in Seoul were unfittable to drinking water standard. 2. In the view of the bacteriology 80% were contaminated by coliform group. 3. The highest value of the free carbon dioxide contents were 652.96 ppm at Sam Sun Mineral Water.
Bacteriology ; Carbon Dioxide ; Drinking Water ; Groundwater ; Korea ; Mineral Waters* ; Seoul* ; Solar System ; Thinking ; Water

BACKGROUND: Pulmonary complications including pneumonia and pulmonary edema frequently develop in critically ill surgical patients. Lung ultrasound (LUS) is increasingly used as a powerful diagnostic tool for pulmonary complications. The purpose of this study was to report how LUS is used in a surgical intensive care unit (ICU). METHODS: This study retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 67 patients who underwent LUS in surgical ICU between May 2016 and December 2016. RESULTS: The indication for LUS included hypoxemia (n = 44, 65.7%), abnormal chest radiographs without hypoxemia (n = 17, 25.4%), fever without both hypoxemia and abnormal chest radiographs (n = 4, 6.0%), and difficult weaning (n = 2, 3.0%). Among 67 patients, 55 patients were diagnosed with pulmonary edema (n = 27, 41.8%), pneumonia (n = 20, 29.9%), diffuse interstitial pattern with anterior consolidation (n = 6, 10.9%), pneumothorax with effusion (n = 1, 1.5%), and diaphragm dysfunction (n = 1, 1.5%), respectively, via LUS. LUS results did not indicate lung complications for 12 patients. Based on the location of space opacification on the chest radiographs, among 45 patients with bilateral abnormality and normal findings, three (6.7%) and two (4.4%) patients were finally diagnosed with pneumonia and atelectasis, respectively. Furthermore, among 34 patients with unilateral abnormality and normal findings, two patients (5.9%) were finally diagnosed with pulmonary edema. There were 27 patients who were initially diagnosed with pulmonary edema via LUS. This diagnosis was later confirmed by other tests. There were 20 patients who were initially diagnosed with pneumonia via LUS. Among them, 16 and 4 patients were finally diagnosed with pneumonia and atelectasis, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: LUS is useful to detect pulmonary complications including pulmonary edema and pneumonia in surgically ill patients.
Anoxia ; Critical Care* ; Critical Illness ; Diagnosis ; Diaphragm ; Fever ; Humans ; Lung* ; Medical Records ; Pneumonia ; Pneumothorax ; Pulmonary Atelectasis ; Pulmonary Edema ; Radiography, Thoracic ; Retrospective Studies ; Ultrasonography* ; Weaning

No abstract available.
Pulmonary Artery* ; Takayasu Arteritis*

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of the balloon bronchoplasty in the treatment of the tuberculous bronchostenosis. Balloon bronchoplasty was performed in thirteen patients with stenosis of the left main bronchus (two with combined left upper and lower lobar bronchostenosis) using a inflatable balloon catheter under a fluoroscopic guide. We analysed the changes in the changes in the severity of dyspnea and wheezing, serial FEV1/FVC as a parameter of the airflow obstruction, and bronchial diameter and lung volume on chest radiographs. The extent of pulmonary tuberculosis was correlated with the improvement of FEV1/FVC. There was an improvement of dyspnea in 69%(9/13), decrease of wheezing in 69%(9/13), significant increase of FEV1/FVC in 18% (2/11). The increase of the bronchial diameter and lung volume were seen in 84%(11/13) and 53% (7/13), respectively. The significant increase of FEVI/FVC was seen in 28% (2/7) of the patients with lung involvement of tuberculosis less than one third of left upper lobe, whereas there was no increase in those of more than one third. There was no complication except transient leukocytosis, fever and blood-tinged sputum. In conclusion, balloon bronchoplasty is effective in the treatment of medically intractable tuberculous bronchostenosis, and can be considered as an initial method of treatment.
Bronchi ; Catheters ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Dyspnea ; Fever ; Humans ; Leukocytosis ; Lung ; Methods ; Radiography, Thoracic ; Respiratory Sounds ; Sputum ; Tuberculosis ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of the balloon bronchoplasty in the treatment of the tuberculous bronchostenosis. Balloon bronchoplasty was performed in thirteen patients with stenosis of the left main bronchus (two with combined left upper and lower lobar bronchostenosis) using a inflatable balloon catheter under a fluoroscopic guide. We analysed the changes in the changes in the severity of dyspnea and wheezing, serial FEV1/FVC as a parameter of the airflow obstruction, and bronchial diameter and lung volume on chest radiographs. The extent of pulmonary tuberculosis was correlated with the improvement of FEV1/FVC. There was an improvement of dyspnea in 69%(9/13), decrease of wheezing in 69%(9/13), significant increase of FEV1/FVC in 18% (2/11). The increase of the bronchial diameter and lung volume were seen in 84%(11/13) and 53% (7/13), respectively. The significant increase of FEVI/FVC was seen in 28% (2/7) of the patients with lung involvement of tuberculosis less than one third of left upper lobe, whereas there was no increase in those of more than one third. There was no complication except transient leukocytosis, fever and blood-tinged sputum. In conclusion, balloon bronchoplasty is effective in the treatment of medically intractable tuberculous bronchostenosis, and can be considered as an initial method of treatment.
Bronchi ; Catheters ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Dyspnea ; Fever ; Humans ; Leukocytosis ; Lung ; Methods ; Radiography, Thoracic ; Respiratory Sounds ; Sputum ; Tuberculosis ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

This study was designed to evaluate the potential applicability of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the diagnosis of acute renal vein thrombosis. Renal vein thrombosis was experimentally induced by surgical ligation of the left renal vein in a total of 21 rabbits. MRI was performed with a 0.5 Tesla superconductive magnetic system. Spin echo technique was used with varying TR and TE parameters. Spin echo images of the rabbit kidney were analysed for morphology and signal intensity. T1 and T2 relaxation times of the renal cortex and medulla were calculated from the images. After venous ligation, kidneys became enlarged. Low signal band along the outer medulla in T2 weighted images were characteristically shown from 1 hour to 3 days after ligation, Changes of cortex to medullar contrast (CMC) values were significant (p<0.05) in T1 - and T2- weighted images of the ligated side. T1 and T2 relaxation times were significantly prolonged (p<0.05) on the ligated side, both in the cortex and medulla from 1 hour to 2 weeks after the ligation, while T2 relaxation time on the contralateral side was significantly prolonged both in the cortex and medulla 2 weeks after venous ligation. The most useful MRI criteria for the diagnosis of renal vein thrombosis were enlarged renal size, and the low signal band along the outer medulla of ligated kidney. The relative intensity difference between cortex and medulla (CMC) in T1-and T2-weighted images, and T1 and T2 relaxation times were suggested to be the useful MR parameters for the diagnosis of acute renal vein thrombosis.
Diagnosis ; Kidney* ; Ligation* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Rabbits ; Relaxation ; Renal Veins* ; Thrombosis

This study was designed to evaluate the potential applicability of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the diagnosis of acute renal vein thrombosis. Renal vein thrombosis was experimentally induced by surgical ligation of the left renal vein in a total of 21 rabbits. MRI was performed with a 0.5 Tesla superconductive magnetic system. Spin echo technique was used with varying TR and TE parameters. Spin echo images of the rabbit kidney were analysed for morphology and signal intensity. T1 and T2 relaxation times of the renal cortex and medulla were calculated from the images. After venous ligation, kidneys became enlarged. Low signal band along the outer medulla in T2 weighted images were characteristically shown from 1 hour to 3 days after ligation, Changes of cortex to medullar contrast (CMC) values were significant (p<0.05) in T1 - and T2- weighted images of the ligated side. T1 and T2 relaxation times were significantly prolonged (p<0.05) on the ligated side, both in the cortex and medulla from 1 hour to 2 weeks after the ligation, while T2 relaxation time on the contralateral side was significantly prolonged both in the cortex and medulla 2 weeks after venous ligation. The most useful MRI criteria for the diagnosis of renal vein thrombosis were enlarged renal size, and the low signal band along the outer medulla of ligated kidney. The relative intensity difference between cortex and medulla (CMC) in T1-and T2-weighted images, and T1 and T2 relaxation times were suggested to be the useful MR parameters for the diagnosis of acute renal vein thrombosis.
Diagnosis ; Kidney* ; Ligation* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Rabbits ; Relaxation ; Renal Veins* ; Thrombosis

No abstract available.
Stents*

To evaluate the effectiveness of superselective transcatheter arterial embolization (STAE) for hepatocelluar carcinoma (HCC) with a mixture of ethanol and Lipiodol, STAE was done in 12 male patients with HCC. Three were diagnosed clinically with angiographic findings and elevated alphafetprotein levels and three were recurrent tumors after surgery. Sono-guided aspiration biopsy proved the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma in another six patients. The tumor was a small single nodule (2-5cm in diameter) in 11 patients. In one patient, two nodules were found. Superselective catheterization was done using 3F Tracker catheter(Target Therapeutics USA) coaxially through 6F catheter into the feeding hepatic artery, usually the third order branch. One to four cc of 75% ethanol mixed with Lipiodol was infused under fluoroscopy immediately after imjection of 2% lidocaine. Immediate angiography and CT after 2 weeks were undertaken. Complete segmental or subsegmental devascularization including feeding arteries and tumor vascularities occurred in all patients. Follow-up angiography after 6 to 15 months revealed the tumor opacified by Lipiodol. The tumor decreased in 5 cases and recurrence was found in three patients. CT taken 2 weeks after STAE showed low density halo around the tumor in 5 cases. Subsequest segmentectomy in four patients revealed total or near total necrosis of the tumor and no evidence of damage in surrounding parenchyme. STAE for HCC with a mixture of ethanol and Lipiodol is an effective and safe measure for small HCC.
Angiography ; Arteries ; Biopsy, Needle ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular* ; Catheterization ; Catheters ; Diagnosis ; Ethanol* ; Ethiodized Oil* ; Fluoroscopy ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hepatic Artery ; Humans ; Lidocaine ; Male ; Mastectomy, Segmental ; Necrosis ; Recurrence

As a new interventional procedure for the control of variceal bleeding, a portosystemic shunt can be established with the installment of metallic stent through the transjugular approach. In order to evaluate the clinical usefulness of the procedure, transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic chunt procedure were performed in 5 patients with variceal bleeding due to liver cirrhosis. The metallic stents were mainly a self expandable Wallstent(Schneider, Switzerland). An 8 to 10 mm shunt was formed by the insertion of the stent and balloon dilatation after puncture of the proximal portal vein from the right or middle hepatic vein. The patency of the shunt was proven by portography after the procedure. The portal pressure measured in 3 patients before and after the procedure improved with decrease from 31 mmHg to 25 mmHg. The procedure failed in 1 patient due to preexsisting portal vein thrombosis. During the follow-up period from 1 month to 4 months, shunts were patent in all 4 patients. However, hepatic encephalopathy occured in one patient one week following the procedure. Though the follow-up period was not long enough for full evaluation. We found the transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt was a safe and effective procedure for the control of variceal bleeding by lowering the portal pressure. For the appropriate application for this procedure, the optimal size of the shunt and optimal degree of the resultant decompression are yet to be determined in the future.
Decompression ; Dilatation ; Esophageal and Gastric Varices ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hepatic Encephalopathy ; Hepatic Veins ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis ; Portal Pressure ; Portal Vein ; Portasystemic Shunt, Surgical ; Portography ; Punctures ; Stents ; Venous Thrombosis