Heat stroke, a medical emergency, occurs when the body's thermal regulation is upset and unable to dissipate adequate amounts of heat with a rise in body temperature. It is characterized by hyperyrexia, with a core temperature of 40degrees C or more, hot dry skin, and central nervous system disturbance and usually results in rhabdomyolysis and multiorgan failure. Our case, a 43-year-old healthy male, was caused by a marathon, half course, on a sunny day in late summer. He suddenly fell down on the road and was delivered to a nearby hospital, where a seizure developed. He was transfered to our hospital and then displayed Central Nervous System disturbance, hot dry skin, acute liver failure, rhabdomyolysis, anuric acute renal failure, and disseminated intravasculular coagulopathy. He was treated with general supportive care and hemofiltration. Despite the aggressive management, he died of shock on the fifth day after admission.
Acute Kidney Injury ; Adult ; Body Temperature ; Central Nervous System ; Emergencies ; Heat Stroke* ; Hemofiltration ; Hot Temperature* ; Humans ; Liver Failure, Acute ; Male ; Rhabdomyolysis ; Seizures ; Shock ; Skin

Aging of the population in industrialized countries, as a result of increased life expectancy, is known to be associated with an increased risk of dementia, especially Alzheimer's disease. Estrogen use by postmentopausal women has been reported to have favorable effects on health, cognitive function, and prevention of Alzheimer's disease in old age, which now represents a revitalized area of clinical research. And may investigator reported that estrogen promotes the growth and survival of cholinergic neurons and could decrease cerebral amyloid deposition, both of which may delay the onset or prevent Alzheimer's disease. But more propective studies are needed to establish the dose and duration of estrogen required to provide these benefits and to assess its safety in elderly postmentopausal women.
Aged ; Aging ; Alzheimer Disease* ; Cholinergic Neurons ; Dementia ; Developed Countries ; Estrogens* ; Female ; Humans ; Life Expectancy ; Plaque, Amyloid ; Research Personnel

This study was designed to investigate factors relating to fiscal deficit for regional health insurance. The financial statements for the fiscal year 1990 of nationwide 254 regional medical insurance societies were analyzed. Important findings are summarized below: 1. There were differences in the main reason for the financial deficit among regions when deficit and surplus societies were compared by regions. The total revenue per enrollee, especially revenue from the premium contribution of a deficit society was significantly smaller than that of a surplus society in large cities and counties. On the other hand, the total expenditure per enrollee of a deficit society was larger than that of a surplus society in small cities. 2. Both low premium irate at the beginning of health insurance program and less effort to increase the premium rate were main factors for the smaller revenue from the contribution of a deficit society in large cities and counties. 3. Larger expenditures per covered person of a deficit society in small cities were explained with larger medical expenditures especially for out-patients services rather than larger administrative expenses. 4. A regression analysis showed that utilization rates in out-patient services were significantly associated with income and numbers of total medical care institution per capita within a region where a health insurance society located. Also expenses paid by insurer per visit were associated with the proportion of utilization for tertiary care hospitals as well as the proportion of utilization of public health centers.
Hand ; Health Expenditures ; Humans ; Insurance ; Insurance Carriers ; Insurance, Health* ; Korea* ; Outpatients ; Public Health ; Tertiary Healthcare

No abstract available.
Rhinomanometry*

No abstract available.
Tongue Neoplasms* ; Tongue*

Actin and some actin binding proteins such as tropomyosin, -actinin and troponin T were localized by simultaneous double immunogold labeling in several developmental stages of Cryptosporidium parvum. All of the observed developmental stages have many particles of tropomyosin and actin around pellicle and cytoplasm. Tropomyosin was labeled much more than the actin when these two proteins were labeled simultaneously. And alpha-actinin was labeled mostly in the pellicle, but troponin T labeling was very rarely observed. From this study, it was suggested that tropomyosin seems to be one of the major proteins of C. parvum, so it must be playing important roles in C. parvum.
parasitology-protozoa ; actin ; tropomyosin ; alpha-actinin ; troponin T ; Cryptosporidium parvum

No abstract available.
Cartilage* ; Rabbits* ; Ribs*

No abstract available.
Animals ; Congenital Abnormalities* ; Rats*

OBJECTIVES: The purposes of this study were 1) to correlate the carotid intima-medial thickness (IMT) with risk factors of atherosclerosis, 2) to demonstrate the standarized methods of B-mode ultrasound (US) scanning of carotid artery and IMT measurement. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Bilateral carotid arteries of 95 adult volunteers were scanned using 12 MHz linear probe. The mean of bilateral IMT was regarded as the volunteer's IMT, which was measured on the far wall of distal common carotid artery. The normality test for measured IMT and correlation tests between IMT and various known risk factors of atherosclerosis including age, end-systolic blood pressure, end-diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose level, body mass index, life-style data and lipid profiles were performed. Inter-observer and intra-observer variability were evaluated through correlation tests on 20 randomly sampled data. RESULTS: The measured IMT showed normal distribution (mean=0.673 mm, SD=+/-0.1, p=0.494) and the 95th percentile was 0.830 mm. The systolic blood pressure (r=0.101) and body mass index (r=0.200) showed positive correlation but they did not show statistically significant relationships with IMT (p>0.05). The age showed statistically significant correlation (r=0.585, p<0.001), but the other risk factors did not show statistically significant correlation with IMT. The correlation coefficients of inter-observer and intra-observer variability on IMT measurement were 0.8770 and 0.9213, respectively. CONCLUSION: The diagnostic criteria for early carotid atherosclerosis using B-mode US could be estimated from our data. Our measurement protocols showed high reproducibility. The associations between most risk factors that did not show statistically significant correlation in our study and IMT should be confirmed in a population-based study.
Adult* ; Atherosclerosis ; Blood Glucose ; Blood Pressure ; Body Mass Index ; Carotid Arteries* ; Carotid Artery Diseases ; Carotid Artery, Common ; Fasting ; Humans ; Observer Variation ; Risk Factors ; Ultrasonics ; Ultrasonography* ; Volunteers*

OBJECTIVE: This study is to define the clinical characteristics and formulate the management strategies of the patients with ruptured cerebral aneurysms associated with polycystic kidney diseases (PKD). METHODS: During the past 30 years, among of 3,013 patients who were treated with intracranial aneurysms, 7 patients had ruptured cerebral aneurysms associated with PKD. The authors retrospectively reviewed the database and imaging studies of such patients as sources for identification and analysis. RESULTS: All 7 patients presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). One patient showed Hunt and Hess grade I, 4 of grade II, and 2 of grade III. Six patients showed Fisher group II and 1 patient of group III. Four aneurysms were located at anterior cerebral artery, 2 at middle cerebral artery, and 1 at internal carotid artery. Five patients had small aneurysms and the remaining 2 had large (diameter > or = 10 mm) aneurysms. All aneurysms were in saccular shape. Two of the 7 patients (28.6%) had multiple aneurysms. One patient suffered delayed ischemic neurological deficit. All patients were treated by microsurgery and showed favorable outcome (good: 7). CONCLUSIONS: The patients harboring PKD had high probability of hypertension. So, intact aneurysms in those patients were exposed to higher rate of being ruptured. Surgery was necessary for ruptured lesions, as well as unruptured lesions which size was increased at follow up imaging study. Multimodality management approach with nephrologist and neuroradiologist are very necessary. The ultimate management outcome was satisfactory.
Aneurysm ; Anterior Cerebral Artery ; Carotid Artery, Internal ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Intracranial Aneurysm* ; Microsurgery ; Middle Cerebral Artery ; Polycystic Kidney Diseases* ; Retrospective Studies ; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage