Nitric oxide ( NO ) is now recognized as a mediator of several biological and immunological functions, but unlike classical neurotransmitters, NO simply diffuse of the postsynaptic cell and around affecting cells. Human chorionic gonadotropin ( hCG ), produced by placental trophoblasts may act as stimulator on NO synthesis in oocytes of mouse's ovary. How-ever, in the various organs or cells, the action of hCG on NO synthesis is unknown. We have examined that the effect of hCG on NO synthesis in microglial cells of murine's brain, using the Griess method. And this study was evident that hCG did not induce NO produc-tion without recombinant interferon gamma ( rIFN-gamma), whereas hCG ( 10~500 IU/ml ) with rIFN-gamma effectively produced NO in microglial cells of brain. As result, NO production in microglial cells increased most significantly in dose of 100 IU/ml of the hCG and the pro-duction of NO was dependent on the dose of hCG ( Table 1 and Fig. 1 ). And N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine ( N(G)MMA ), competitive inhibitor of NO synthase, reduced the NO production by hCG stimulation with rIFN-gamma in microglial cells of murine. Conclusively, this study sugge-sted that hCG stimulate NO production at microglial cells in brain, which may be an important factor for mediating immune and neuroendocrinologic regulation in nervous system.
Brain ; Chorionic Gonadotropin* ; Female ; Humans* ; Interferons ; Negotiating ; Nervous System ; Neurotransmitter Agents ; Nitric Oxide Synthase ; Nitric Oxide* ; Oocytes ; Ovary ; Trophoblasts

Pigmented villonodular synovitis and synovial chondromatosis are known as a poup of interrelated tumorous disorders that involve the lining of the joints, hursa and tendon sheath. Pigmented villonodular synovitis consists of proliferatin synovia1 tissue containing histiocytes, librohlasts, multinucleated giant cells, and capillaries that can destroy dense fihrous tissue, form soft tissue masses, and invade bone. Synovial chondromatosis consists of hyaline cartilage nodules within the synovium and synovial joint cavities, develop multiple loose fragments of cartilage within the joint. They may represent a reactive inflammatory process or henign neoplasm and usually occur in latge synovial joints, including the knee, hip and ankle. There are some reports stating that pigmented villonodular synovitis has coexisted with synovial chondromatosis. but none have reported that they occurred simultaneously in a large single joint. This is a report on a diagnosed and arthroscopicully treated pigmented villonodular synovitis and synovial chondromatosis that occurred simultaneously in the same ankle joint.
Ankle Joint* ; Ankle* ; Capillaries ; Cartilage ; Chondromatosis, Synovial* ; Giant Cells ; Hip ; Histiocytes ; Hyaline Cartilage ; Joints ; Knee ; Synovial Membrane ; Synovitis, Pigmented Villonodular* ; Tendons

The significance of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) in the stability of the knee and the necessity for surgical repair of its tears are still controversial. The purpose of this study is to present the short term results of surgical repair and Kennedy LAD augmentation for 15 cases with PCL injury. In 14 patients (15 knees), the torn PCL was repaired with pullout suture technique and Kennedy LAD augmentation was done from june 1993 to june 1994. The follow-up period ranged from 12 months to 25 months (average, 18months). The main causes of injuries were traffic accidents in 12. Thirteen of the patients were men and one was a woman, ranging in age from 17 to 52 years(average, 35 years). 10 knees were acute injury and repaired at average 9 days after injury. There were 11 cases that had combined injuries(4 ACL injuries, 4 meniscus injuries, 3 MCL injuries etc). In eight knees, the tear was in mid substance area and in five it was near femoral attach site and in two it was near tibial attach site. Postoperative results were evaluated by roentgenographic evaluation of posterior sagging and Lysholm knee score. 11 knee were stable but 4 knees were unstable posteriorly during postoperative follow-up period. 3 chronic injuried knees were included in 4 posteriorly unstable knees. There are 7 combined knee injuries in 11 stable knees and no combined injuries in unstable knees and average Lysholm knee score was 89.7 in stable knees and 90 in unstable knees and there was no significant difference between two groups. On the based of this study, surgical repair with pollout suture technique and augmentation with Kennedy LAD in acute PCL injury is a one of the good method for preventing posterior sagging but more longer follow-up period and more cases must be needed to accept this method.
Accidents, Traffic ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Knee ; Knee Injuries ; Lysholm Knee Score ; Male ; Methods ; Posterior Cruciate Ligament ; Suture Techniques ; Tears

OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical characteristics of pregnancy induced hypertension(PIH). METHODS: Five hundred seventy-five cases of PIH and 7,702 cases of normotensive pregnancies who were delivered their infants at Wonkwang University Hospital from January, 1994 to December, 1998 were selected for the study. The data were collected by review of the hospital record and the statistical analysis was performed using Chi-square tests, and statistical significance was defined as p<0.05. RESULTS: The incidence of PIH was 7.1% of total deliveries. Among the PIH, the incidence of mild preedampsia was found in 59%, severe preeclampsia in 36%, and edampsia in 5%. The most prevalent gestational period was 38-42wks gestation in mild PIH and 33-37wks gestation in severe PIH & eclampsia. The incidence of cesarean section was significantly higher in severe PIH & eclampsia(72.2%) than in mild PIH(48.7%) and normotensive pregnancies(39.7%). The incidence of hypoalbuminemia, preterm labor, placental abruption, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and pulmonary edema were significantly higher in severe PIH & edampsia than in mild PIH and normotensive pregnancies. Compared with normotensive pregnancies or mild PIH, severe PIH & eclampsia had significantly elevated risks for low birth weight, intrauterine growth retardation, fetal distress, low apgar score, meconium stained, and neonatal deaths. CONCLUSION: The incidence of PIH is not decreasing and it still an important role in the cause of maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity in Korea. So, further studies are necessary to prepare a guide for the treatment of PIH.
Abruptio Placentae ; Apgar Score ; Cesarean Section ; Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation ; Eclampsia ; Female ; Fetal Distress ; Fetal Growth Retardation ; Hospital Records ; Humans ; Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced* ; Hypoalbuminemia ; Incidence ; Infant ; Infant, Low Birth Weight ; Infant, Newborn ; Korea ; Meconium ; Obstetric Labor, Premature ; Perinatal Mortality ; Pre-Eclampsia ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy* ; Pulmonary Edema

OBJECTIVE: To ananlyze the direct effect of nitric oxide (NO), generated from sodium prusside (SNP) on the embryo developments in reproductive process. DESIGN: ova from mouse were treated to allow fertilization in in vitro culture. And the samples of fertilized ova were alloted into five alliqutos. Each alliquot was cultured in media treated with either concentration at 0 (n=92), 25microM (n=84), 50microM (n=80), 100microM (n=77), 500microM (n=54) of SNP. Main Outcome MEASURE: Rates of embryonal cell cleavages, viability and cell morphology were assessed during in vitro fertilization and culture. RESULTS: As analyse the cell cleavage at 24 hours after in vitro culture of fertilised egg in variuos NO concentration, all of egg cells of each alliquot were developed to 2~4 cell stage. But the alliquot of egg cells treated with 500microM, which were totally degenerated. And also all embryonal cells of each alliquot were developed to 8 cell stage and morula stage on culture continuosly. And the embryonal cells of each alliquot were analysed at 24 and 48 hours following the in vitro culture. The rates of cell fragmentation and fusion were 4.2+/-3.4% in control group which is not treated with NO, while experimental groups was high, as rated 23.4+/-6.2% in 25microM, 28.2+/-5.7% in 50microM and 32.1+/-6.4% in 100microM concentration of NO. Accordingly the rate of abnormal morphology of embryonal cell in control was lower significantly than that in each alliquot of experimental groups (p<0.05). And the degenerated rates of embryonal cells were 0% in control, 17.8+/-6.7% in 25microM, 23.6+/-4.7% in 50microM and 26.8+/-11.2% in 100microM at 8 cells and morula on culture of 48 and 72 hours. On the examination of embryonal cells developed to blastocyst through in vitro culture, the rates of degenerated cells were 16.8+/-7.2% in control, 37.5+/-6.2% in 25microM, 73.4+/-4.6% in 50microM, 100% in 100microM. CONCLUSION: This results suggeted that the No in any concentrations is harmful on embryos in view of morphology as well as viability of cell, and the toxicity of No on embryo is stronger at condition in higher concentration of NO.
Animals ; Blastocyst ; Embryonic Structures ; Fertilization ; Fertilization in Vitro ; Mice* ; Morula ; Nitric Oxide* ; Outcome Assessment (Health Care) ; Ovum ; Sodium

The hepatic artery was embolized with absolute ethanol in 1 mongrel dogs to evaluate the embolic effect andsafety of this material. Follow up angiography and liver function test were performed at 15 minutes, 1 week and 4weeks after embolization. Retrograde cholangiography, microangiography and pathologic examination were done at 4weeks after embolization. The result was as follows: 1. Sequential angiography showed successful and persistentocclusion of intrahepatic arteries at different levels, and reconstitution of the intrahepatic arterialcirculation via collaterals. 2. Microangiography revealed avascular area in 5 cases. But in incompletely infactedare there showed tortuous hepatic arteries, decreased perfusion of sinusoid and microcolaterals through theinterlobular arteries, capsular arteries and peribiliary vascular plexus. In one case sparse peribiliary plexuswas observed. 3. Retrograde cholangiography revealed findings of cholangitis on involved segment. 4. The absoluteethanol was effective for achieving a permanent occlusion of intraheptaic arteries but caused damage on sinusoidand hepatic parenchyme, and on peribilary vasucular plexus resulting in sclerosing cholangitis. So in furtherclinical application, caution would be necessary to superselect the tumor supplying artery to avoid unnecessaryparenchymal damage.
Angiography ; Animals ; Arteries ; Cholangiography ; Cholangitis ; Cholangitis, Sclerosing ; Dogs ; Ethanol ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hepatic Artery ; Liver Function Tests ; Perfusion

Atrial flutter, a common rhythm disturbance, was first described over 80 years ago. Despite extensive investigations, several important issues remain unresolved concerning its exact mechanism and management. Present therapeutic strategies often appear effective to prevent and terminate atrial flutter. However, controlled trial and definitive studies comparing the various treatment options are surprisingly scarce. Here we report on a study of 9 episodes of spontaneous atrial flutter(AF)(flutter wave cycle length 224+/-39 msec) treatedd by transesophageal atrial pacing(TAP) in 9 patients(7 men and 2 women; mean age 56.9 yrs). TAP was effective in 5 patients : sinus rhythm resumption was immediate in 3 patients and followed a short period of atrial fibrillation in 2 patients. TAP was unsuccessful in 4 patients. All the patients tolerated the procedure well. These data strongly support the immediate first choice use of TAP in AF therapy.
Atrial Fibrillation ; Atrial Flutter* ; Female ; Humans ; Male

The cell cycle is composed of a series of steps which can be negatively or positively regulated by various factors. p53 gene aberrations are common in human malignancies, and recent studies suggest that in cervical carcinoma p53 function is inactivated either by complex formation wilh human papilloma virus (HPV) E6 product or by gene mutation. To study the expression of p53 gene in the cervical cancer and cervical intraepithebal neoplasia, immunohistochemistry for the p53 protein was done in the 47 cases of squamous cell carcinoma, 6 cases of adenocarcinoma and 32 cases of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. I. The p53 protein was detected in the 31% of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (10/32 cases). 2. The p53 protein was detected in the 55% of invasive cervical cancer (29/53 cases). 3. By the histologic type of cervieal cancer, the p53 protein was detected in the 57% of squamous cell carcinoma (27/47 cases) and 33% of(2/6 cases) adenocarcinoma. The p53 protein wes more frequently detected in the squamous cell carcinoma than in the adenocarcinoma. 4. By the staging in cervical cancer, the p53 protein was detected in the 31% of stage 0, 50% of Stage Ia, 50% of stage I b, 75% of IIa and 50% of stage II b.
Adenocarcinoma ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Cell Cycle ; Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia ; Genes, p53 ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry* ; Papilloma ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms*

Using KAIS 0.15 Telsla resistive magnetic imaging system, ECG gated magnetic resonance (MR) image of variouscardiovascular disease was obtained in 10 patients. The findings of MR image of the cardiovascular disesase wereanlaysed and the results were as follows: 1. In 6 cases of acquired and congenital cardiac disease, there were 2cases of myocardial infarction, 1 case of mitral stenosis and 3 cases of corrected transpossition of greatvessels. The others were 3 cases of aortic disease and 1 case of pericardial effusion with lymphoma. 2. Myocardialthinning left ventricular aneurysm were detected in MR images of myocardial infarction. The left atrium was welldelineated and enlarged in the case of mitral stenosis. And segmental analysis was possible in the cases ofcorrected transposition since all cardiac structures were well delineated anatomically. 3. In aortic disease, thefindings of MR image were enlarged lumen, compressed cardic chambers in ascending aortic aneurysm, intimal flap,enhanced false lumen in dissecting aneurysm and irregular narrowing of aorta with arterial obstruction inTakayasu's arteritis. 4. Pericardial effusion revealed a conspicuous contrast with neighboring meidastinal fat andcardiac wall due to it low signal encircling cardiac wall. 5. ECG gated MR image is an accurate non-invasive imaging modality for the diagnosis of cardiovascular disease and better results of its clinical application areexpected in the futher development in the imaging system and more clinical experiences.
Aneurysm ; Aneurysm, Dissecting ; Aorta ; Aortic Aneurysm ; Aortic Diseases ; Arteritis ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Diagnosis ; Electrocardiography ; Heart Atria ; Heart Diseases ; Humans ; Lymphoma ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Mitral Valve Stenosis ; Myocardial Infarction ; Pericardial Effusion

Ventricular tachycardia is an important tachyarrhythmia which is encountered commonly in clinical field. The accompanying manifestations could be variable just from palpitation to sudden cardiac death. The classification of this arrhythmia has not completly settled yet, but in a broad way this arrhythmia is classified according to the prescence or abscence or underlying heart disease, especially coronary artery disease. Recently, therapeutic modalities for this arrhythmia have been changed a lot from classical antiarrhythmic drugs to radiofrequency ablation or ICD implantation although there are still some problems to overcome. We experienced a case of 34-year-old female having an incessant ventricular tacycardia which was abolished after endomyocardial biopsy performed to differentiate underlying myocardial pathology.
Adult ; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; Biopsy* ; Catheter Ablation ; Classification ; Coronary Artery Disease ; Death, Sudden, Cardiac ; Female ; Heart Diseases ; Humans ; Pathology ; Tachycardia ; Tachycardia, Ventricular*