Spontaneous testicular hemorrhagic necrosis is a rare disease usually associated with testicular torsion. Partially involved and suspicious testis tumor cases are also defined from orchiectomy specimens. Herein, a spontaneous hemorrhagic necrosis, without any testicular torsion, but with involvement of the whole testicle and epididymis, is reported. A 21 year old patient, who presented with a painless left testicular enlargement of several days duration was believed, based on physical examination, ultrasonography and elevation of serum LDH, to have a testicular tumor. Diagnosis was made only after radical orchiectomy and histopathological examination.
Diagnosis ; Epididymis ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Male ; Necrosis* ; Orchiectomy ; Physical Examination ; Rare Diseases ; Spermatic Cord Torsion ; Testis* ; Ultrasonography ; Young Adult

Technology for the long-term preservation of gamete and embryo has improved greatly over the past 20 years and currently is used for supporting various assisted reproductive technologies (ART). Recent progress in cryobiology and its related sciences have made it possible to preserve human embryos effectively, and several cryopreservation methods also have been developed. Successful freezing of supernumerary embryos has allowed patients undergoing ART the opportunity to achieve pregnancies from more than one embryo transfer without being subjected to controlled ovarian hyperstimulation and oocyte retrieval each time. It also allows a delay in embryo transfer where certain adverse conditions exist for fresh transfer, e.g. when the patient is at risk for ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome or when there is poor endometrial development during the retrieval cycle. Cryopreservation of all available embryos from retrieval is utilized when an oocyte recipient is not properly synchronized with oocyte donor's cycle. In this paper is to review the current status and perspectives of embryo cryopreservation in ART program. Also, briefly discuss the oocyte cryopreservation for the establishment of ovum bank.
Cryopreservation* ; Embryo Transfer ; Embryonic Structures* ; Female ; Freezing ; Humans* ; Oocyte Retrieval ; Oocytes ; Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome ; Ovum ; Pregnancy ; Reproductive Techniques, Assisted

PURPOSE: Due to the increasing numbers of radical prostatectomies (RP) performed for prostate cancer, a substantial and increasing number of patients suffer from postoperative urinary incontinence and erectile dysfunction (ED). The objective of our study was to see whether an inflatable penile prosthesis implantation could control urinary incontinence for patients with the dual problems of ED and incontinence. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From March 2010 through May 2015, 25 post-RP patients were referred to our clinic with ED or incontinence. The degree of incontinence was classified according to the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Short Form. Inflatable penile prostheses were implanted in all 25 patients. RESULTS: For one month after implantation, partial or full inflation was performed progressively to control urine leakage. Of 18 patients, 13 patients were categorized with mild or moderate stress incontinence. All 13 patients obtained control of incontinence with partial inflation (30% to 60%) and all reported satisfactory outcomes. Five out of the 18 patients were categorized with severe total incontinence. Three of the 5 patients could tolerate incontinence with full inflation on and off. Thirteen patients out of the total of 18 (72.2%) had their incontinence controlled by an inflating penile prosthesis. CONCLUSIONS: An inflatable penile prosthesis is highly recommended as an initial procedure, especially in patients with the dual problems of ED and incontinence.
Erectile Dysfunction ; Humans ; Inflation, Economic ; Male ; Penile Implantation ; Penile Prosthesis* ; Prostatectomy ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; Urinary Incontinence*

Renal angiomyolipomas are uncommon benign neoplasms. From April 1990 to June 1993, 10 patients with angiomyolipoma were followed clinically to determine the clinical course of angiomyolipoma. Average age of patient was 50 years( range 24 to 75) and of the patients 80% were women, 10% had tuberous sclerosis and the average size of the renal mass was 9.l x 6cm ( range 2x1.5 to 13.8 x 9.1). Clinically the most common presenting complaint was abdominal/ flank pain and of the patients 40% were spontaneous rupture, 2 cases had hemorrhagic shock. The diagnosis and size was determined on the basis of ultrasonography/CT findings. Of 10 patients, 1 patient was observed, 3 patients were managed with nephrectomy and 6 patients were managed with embolization. 10 patients were followed for an average 28 months( range of 12 to 50) by serial radiological imaging and clinical examination. The followup ultrasonography and/or CT scans were compared to the initial studies with respect to hemorrhage, or change in size or composition of the tumor. One patient was managed with observation, symptoms developed and tumor size increased 35 months later. 3 patients were free of disease for 20 to 50 months after nephrectomy. 5 of 6 patients managed with embolization, a radiological examination performed after the embolization demonstrated the original mass had liquefied and decrease in mass size. But 1 patient did not change in size and composition. These results demonstrate the selective embolization is an effective method as the primary therapy for control of hemorrhagic or symptomatic angiomyolipomas because of its parenchymal-sparing nature.
Angiomyolipoma* ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Flank Pain ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Nephrectomy ; Rupture, Spontaneous ; Shock, Hemorrhagic ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Tuberous Sclerosis ; Ultrasonography

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play an important role in the normal morphogenesis, maintenance, and repair of matrix and also have important functions in pathologic conditions characterized by excessive degradation of extracellular matrix, such as rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, periodontitis and in tumor invasion and metastasis. In this study, expression of MMP-1 and -2 mRNA in retrodiscal tissue of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) was examined and compared with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and surgical findings. MMP mRNAs in the retrodiscal tissue samples were detected by reverse transcription - polymerase chain reaction. TMJ internal derangement (ID) was categorized as normal disc position, disc displacement with reduction, early stage of disc displacement without reduction (DDsR) and late stage of DDsR. TMJ osteoarthrosis (OA) was classified with normal, mild and advanced OA. The amount of synovial fluid collection was divided into not detected, small, large and extremely large amount on MR T2-weighted imaging. Perforation and adhesion were examined during open surgery of the TMJ. Six out of 37 samples were excluded because of little amount of extracted total mRNA. MMP-2 mRNA was detected whole joints, and so the MMP-2 mRNA seems to be expressed normally in retrodiscal tissue. However, MMP-1 mRNA was expressed in 8 of 31 joints. Frequencies of MMP-1 mRNA expression according to the TMJ IDs, amount of synovial fluid and surgical findings made no significant difference. MMP-1 mRNA was detected more frequently in OA groups (7/16 joints, 43.8%) than in normal bony structure group (1/15,joints, 6.7%). Expression of MMP-1 mRNA in retrodiscal tissue might be related with OA of the TMJ.
Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; Collagenases ; Extracellular Matrix ; Gelatinases ; Joints ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 1* ; Matrix Metalloproteinases ; Morphogenesis ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Osteoarthritis ; Periodontitis ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Reverse Transcription ; RNA, Messenger* ; Synovial Fluid ; Temporomandibular Joint*

No abstract available.
Thrombolytic Therapy ; Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator

One fullterm infant whose clinical feature initially was that of necrotizing enterocolitis eventually developed intussusception. The symptomatology of these two conditions is strikingly similar, and when they coexist, recognition of a complicating intussusception is difficult. The pathogenic relationship between necrotizing enterocolitis and intussusception remains obscure. When a presumptive diagnosis of necrotizing enterocolitis is made but the infant's clinical course varies from that expected, other diagnoses, such as intussusception, must be considered.
Diagnosis ; Enterocolitis, Necrotizing* ; Humans ; Infant* ; Intussusception*

PURPOSE: To evaluate the portal venous anatomy in the right lobe of the liver, focusing particularly on the location and size of the anterior and posterior segmental branches of the portal vein and the relationship of the right subdiaphragmatic peripheral portal vein to the right hepatic vein. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From June 1995 to December 1995, 100 spiral CT scan which showed no abnormal findings in the hepatic area were retrospectively analysed. Portal dominant phase images were obtained after the administration of contrast media, with a delay of 60-65 seconds (100 - 120ml, 2-3ml/sec injection rate), slice thickness 10 mm and table speed 10mm/sec. On spiral CT scans, we assessed the location and size of the right portal vein and its branches and also observed the relationship of this vein to the right hepatic vein. RESULTS: In all patients, the right portal trunk divided into anterior and posterior branches. The anterior segmental portal vein was located cephalad to the posterior segment in 81 cases (81%), at the same level in 17 (17%), and caudad in two (2%). Its diameter was greater (>2mm)than that of its posterior segment in 33 cases (33%), smaller in three (3%), and similar in 64 (64%). In 95 cases, the right anterior segmetal portal vein which was directed posteriorly, supplied the subdiaphragmatic portion of segment 7. CONCLUSION: In 81% of cases, the position of the anterior segmental portal vein cephalad, and in 64%of cases it was similar in size to the posterior portal vein. In almost all cases, the subdiaphragmatic portion of segment 7 was supplied by the portal vein from segment 8. Therefore, the right hepatic vein is not in all cases an adequate landmark for dividing Couinaud segments 7 and 8 in the subdiaphragmatic portion.
Contrast Media ; Hepatic Veins ; Humans ; Liver* ; Portal Vein ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, Spiral Computed ; Veins

PURPOSE: To evaluate the portal venous anatomy in the right lobe of the liver, focusing particularly on the location and size of the anterior and posterior segmental branches of the portal vein and the relationship of the right subdiaphragmatic peripheral portal vein to the right hepatic vein. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From June 1995 to December 1995, 100 spiral CT scan which showed no abnormal findings in the hepatic area were retrospectively analysed. Portal dominant phase images were obtained after the administration of contrast media, with a delay of 60-65 seconds (100 - 120ml, 2-3ml/sec injection rate), slice thickness 10 mm and table speed 10mm/sec. On spiral CT scans, we assessed the location and size of the right portal vein and its branches and also observed the relationship of this vein to the right hepatic vein. RESULTS: In all patients, the right portal trunk divided into anterior and posterior branches. The anterior segmental portal vein was located cephalad to the posterior segment in 81 cases (81%), at the same level in 17 (17%), and caudad in two (2%). Its diameter was greater (>2mm)than that of its posterior segment in 33 cases (33%), smaller in three (3%), and similar in 64 (64%). In 95 cases, the right anterior segmetal portal vein which was directed posteriorly, supplied the subdiaphragmatic portion of segment 7. CONCLUSION: In 81% of cases, the position of the anterior segmental portal vein cephalad, and in 64%of cases it was similar in size to the posterior portal vein. In almost all cases, the subdiaphragmatic portion of segment 7 was supplied by the portal vein from segment 8. Therefore, the right hepatic vein is not in all cases an adequate landmark for dividing Couinaud segments 7 and 8 in the subdiaphragmatic portion.
Contrast Media ; Hepatic Veins ; Humans ; Liver* ; Portal Vein ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, Spiral Computed ; Veins

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study were to compare the effects of EG and PROH on cryopreservation of mouse and human embryos, and to find the optimal protocol for embryo freezing. METHODS: Human embryos derived from fertilized eggs showing 3 pronuclei (PN) and mouse embryos were divided into two groups respectively: dehydrated with 1.5 M EG+0.2 M sucrose or 1.5 M PROH+0.2 M sucrose using the slow freezing method. Moreover mouse embryos were controlled the exposure time of cryoprotectant during dehydration or rehydration steps. RESULTS: The survival rates of human embryos were 79.2% (84/106) in EG group and 77.9% (88/113) in PROH group. In mouse embryos, the survival and development rates up to blastocyst were 70.6% (245/347), 44.1% (123/279) in EG group and 62.1% (198/319), 45.1% (123/279) in PROH group, respectively. However, in EG group, partially damaged embryos after thawing were decreased compared to PROH group. In combination group, when the exposure time during dehydration and rehydration were reduced, the survival and embryonic developments were increased slightly, but not significant. CONCLUSION: Cryopreservation of mouse and human embryos at cleavage stage by using EG or PROH exhibited no statistical difference in the survival rate and/or developmental rate to blastocyst. However, the use of EG for cryopreservation of embryos might reduce the exposure time of the cryoprotectant because of a high permeation of EG and result in lessen its toxic effects.
Animals ; Blastocyst ; Cryopreservation ; Dehydration ; Embryonic Development ; Embryonic Structures ; Ethylene Glycol* ; Female ; Fluid Therapy ; Freezing ; Humans* ; Mice* ; Pregnancy ; Propylene Glycol* ; Sucrose ; Survival Rate ; Zygote