No abstract available.
Adolescent* ; Humans ; Mothers* ; Psychotherapy, Brief*

The muscular branches of the ophthalmic artery have been described as the superior muscular artery and the inferior muscular artery. However, the definition of the muscluar arteries and their distribution has not been clarified. Therefore, the muscular branches of the ophthalmic artery in 80 orbits of Korean adults were observed under the surgical microscope. The inferior muscular artery was observed in 87.5% of the materials and the superior muscular artery was observed in 32.5%. The commen muscular branch distributing to the adjacent two muscles was observed more frequently(81.3%). The superior muscular artery and the common muscular branches were similar in their distribution according to their site of origin. Therefore, they were classified into the superolateral and superomedial arteries. The superolateral muscular artery was observed in 58.6%. and the superomedial muscular artery was observed in 71.3%. This study suggests that the ocular muscular arteries are better classified into 3 groups, namely inferior, superolateral, and superomedial muscular arteries.
Adult ; Arteries* ; Humans ; Muscles ; Ophthalmic Artery ; Orbit

The muscular branches of the ophthalmic artery have been described as the superior muscular artery and the inferior muscular artery. However, the definition of the muscluar arteries and their distribution has not been clarified. Therefore, the muscular branches of the ophthalmic artery in 80 orbits of Korean adults were observed under the surgical microscope. The inferior muscular artery was observed in 87.5% of the materials and the superior muscular artery was observed in 32.5%. The commen muscular branch distributing to the adjacent two muscles was observed more frequently(81.3%). The superior muscular artery and the common muscular branches were similar in their distribution according to their site of origin. Therefore, they were classified into the superolateral and superomedial arteries. The superolateral muscular artery was observed in 58.6%. and the superomedial muscular artery was observed in 71.3%. This study suggests that the ocular muscular arteries are better classified into 3 groups, namely inferior, superolateral, and superomedial muscular arteries.
Adult ; Arteries* ; Humans ; Muscles ; Ophthalmic Artery ; Orbit

With the development of devices and techniques, including complex shape coils, balloons, multiple catheter techniques, and intracranial stents, endosaccular treatment of ruptured or unruptured wide-necked cerebral aneurysms has advanced rapidly with respect to indications and outcomes. In contrast to other options, stent-assisted aneurysm embolization has a distinct feature in which the stent is permanently implanted in the cerebral vessels. Therefore, we must consider the short-term effect of stent-assisted aneurysm embolization in the prevention of coil migration and adverse thrombogenicity, but also the permanent mechanical, hemodynamic, and biological influence on the parent vessels and the aneurysm. We have reviewed the current experimental and clinical data on stent-assisted coil embolization of cerebral aneurysms.
Aneurysm ; Catheters ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Intracranial Aneurysm ; Parents ; Stents

PURPOSE: This study is a retrospective analysis of patients who had undergone surgical treatment for non-union of distal humerus fracture. We evaluated them in terms of causes of injury, radiologic findings, and clinical outcomes such as prognosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seven consecutive radiologic patients who were confirmed to have nonunion of a distal humerus fracture underwent reoperations. These patients had already undergone operations for distal humerus fractures. This survey was held from 2005 to 2010. The average period up to diagnosis of non-union after the first operation was 7.4 months (4 to 16 months). The mean follow-up period was 24.6 months (12 to 65 months). Each patient was graded functionally according to the Mayo Elbow Performance Score and the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand Score. RESULTS: Osteosynthesis was performed by internal fixation with plates and screws and then a bone graft for non-union of the distal humerus fracture. The average range of motion within the elbow joints was found to be a flexion contracture of 18.8 degrees (0~30 degrees) and further flexion of 120.2 degrees (102~140 degrees). Among postoperative complications, three cases of medium-degree stiffness, two cases of medial column nonunion, and one case of dissociation of the internal fixator were reported. CONCLUSION: Stable internal fixation for maintenance reduction status is essential after accurate initial anatomical reduction. We concluded that nonunion could be prevented by additional surgical treatment such as autogenous bone graft, if it is necessary.
Arm ; Contracture ; Dissociative Disorders ; Elbow ; Elbow Joint ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hand ; Humans ; Humerus ; Internal Fixators ; Postoperative Complications ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Retrospective Studies ; Shoulder ; Transplants

BACKGROUND: Microalbuminuria predicts cardiovascular events in diabetic and non-diabetic patients. But, few studies have addressed the relationship between microalbuminuria and cerebral infarction. We determined the incidence of microalbuminuria in non-diabetic subjects with cerebral infarction and investigated the relationship between urinary albumin excretion and risk factors of the stroke. METHODS: Urinary albumin excretion rate, 24 hours blood pressure monitoring, fasting serum lipid profiles, fibrinogen, fasting glucose, insulin and c-peptide were evaluated in 50 non-diabetic patients with acute cerebral infarction and matched 48 controls. RESULTS: Microalbuminuria was detected in 23 of 50(46%) patients with acute cerebral infarction and 4 of 48(8%) control subjects. Hypertension was present in 13 of 23(57%) microalbuminuric patients and 9 of 27(33%) non-microalbuminuric patients. In the microalbuminuric patients with cerebral infarction, diastolic blood pressure and fasting glucose were significantly greater than the control group. But, no difference in systolic blood pressure, lipid level, fibrinogen, fasting insulin and c-peptide level. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of microalbuminuria in patients with cerebral infarction was higher than controls and it was associated with increased diastolic blood pressure(DBP) and fasting blood glucose(FBS). Therefore, microalbuminuria is associated with thrombogenic cerebral infarction and it was partly mediated by DBP and FBS.
Blood Pressure ; Blood Pressure Monitors ; C-Peptide ; Cerebral Infarction ; Fasting ; Fibrinogen ; Glucose ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Incidence ; Insulin ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Stroke

BACKGROUND: Atrial fibrillation is one of the most common cardiac arrhythmias which has been recieved relatively little attention until recently.Despite the variety of treatment modalities including drugs,surgery,catheter ablation and devices,the overall treatment of atrial fibrillation is not always satisfactory.Phalmacotherapy is still the most commonly used treatment through the unfavorable side effects of antiarrhythmic drugs are problematic.The purpose of this study is to compare the efficacy of class Ic antiarrhythmic drugs,propafenone versus flecainide. METHODS: We treated one hundred eighteen patients with atrial fibrillation by class Ic antiarrhythmic drugs,propafenone or flecainide with/without DC cardioversion to convert to and maintain the sinus rythm. We compared the clinical findings,drug efficacy,side sffects of drugs between two groups. RESULTS: 30 patients were treated by propafenne and 88 patients by flecainide.21 and 60 patients in each group were lone atrial fibrillation,14 and 49 patients were paroxysmal atrial fibrillation.Mean duration of drug administration were 360.9,339.4 days,respectively.The convesion rate to sinus rhythm by drugs was 25.0% in propafenone group and 30.7% in flecainide group(p=NS).The 300 days-manitenance rates of sinus rhythm after conversion by drugs or DC cardioversion were 63,3%,70.4%(p=NS)respectively. The side effects of drugs were dizziness,nausia and vomitting in both group and 1st degree AV block,transient sinus node dysfunction and decreased visual acuity in flecainde group.The drugs were discontinued in 11(37.7%) and 26(29.5%) patients in each group due to recurrence of atrial fibrillation or side effects of drugs. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that propafenone and flecainide are comparably effective in maintaining sinus rhythm in atrial fibrillation patients.Futher prospective and large study is required to confirm this findings.
Anti-Arrhythmia Agents ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; Atrial Fibrillation* ; Electric Countershock ; Flecainide* ; Humans ; Propafenone* ; Recurrence ; Sick Sinus Syndrome ; Visual Acuity

Tolerance to several toxic effects of cadmium, including lethality has been shown following pretreatment with cadmium and zinc. This study was designed to determine if tolerance also develops to Cd-induced hepatotoxicity and renal toxicity. Three groups of rats (A, B, C), each consisting of 16 rats, were studied and each group was divided into four subgroups (1, 2, 3, 4), 4 rats for each subgroup. Rats were subcutaneously pretreated with saline (A), CdCl2(0.5 mg/kg, B), and ZnCl2 (13.0 mg/kg, C) during time periods of 1~6 weeks. At the end of the period, rats were challenged with CdCl2 (3.0, 6.0 and 9.0 mg/kg, ip). After giving the challenge dose, cadmium and metallothionein (MT) concentrations were determined and also observed the histologic change in liver and kidney. The concentration of cadmium in liver and also observed the increased dose-dependently to the challenge dosage. These data indicate the kidney is a major target organ of chronic cadmium poisoning, and suggest that cadmium induced hepatic injury, via release of Cd-MT, may play and important role in the nephrotoxicity observed in response to long-term exposure to cadmium. In addition, histologic examination of group A2, A3 and A4 revealed moderate to severe cadmium toxicity, evidenced by infiltration of inflammatory cells, cell swelling, pyknosis, enlarged sinusoids and necrosis in liver, and tubule cell necrosis and degeneration in kidney. However, MT concentrations in liver and kidney were increased by the pretreatment of CdCl2 and ZnCl2 and their morphological findings were not significantly changed, comparing with control group. Higher MT concentration in liver and kidney observed in the pretreated groups constitutes a plausible explanation of the protective effects of pretreatment against the cadmium toxicity after challenge dosing.
Animals ; Cadmium Chloride* ; Cadmium Poisoning ; Cadmium* ; Kidney* ; Liver* ; Metallothionein* ; Necrosis ; Rats* ; Zinc

3 cases of transitional cell carcinoma were subjected to detailed cytogenetic analysis. All three were superficial (T1G I , T1G III, T1G I). Case 1 and case 3 (all T1G I) had diploidy modal chromosomal number but case 2 (TtGIII) had partly triploidy and tetraploidy chromosome. Case 3 showed marker chromosomes and in case 2 and 3, breakage of long arm of the second chromosome was seen.
Arm ; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell* ; Cytogenetic Analysis ; Diploidy ; Tetraploidy ; Triploidy ; Urinary Bladder*

No abstract available.
Adrenal Rest Tumor* ; Liver*