Background: Metastatic skin cancers occur when cancer cells metastasize to the skin as the primary cancer progresses, but few studies in Korea have included a large number of patients. Objective: To analyze the clinicopathological characteristics of metastatic skin cancers originating from solid cancers. Methods: A total of 191 patients with metastatic skin cancer diagnosed by skin biopsy from April 2004 to December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Data on age, sex, duration, symptoms, clinical manifestations, metastatic sites, and histopathological findings were obtained from medical records and photographs. Results: The mean age of onset was 65.3 years, the male/female ratio was 80:111, and the mean duration was 3.3 months. Most patients were asymptomatic (65.4%), and the most frequent manifestation was nodular lesions (64.4%). Among the 191 metastatic skin cancers, the most common primary cancers were breast cancer (31.9%), lung cancer (25.7%), and melanoma (18.8%). The most common primary cancer in males was lung cancer (52.5%), and that in females was breast cancer (54.1%). The most common sites of metastatic skin cancer were the chest (26.6%), scalp (17.9%), abdomen (10.6%), and back (9.2%). The most common histopathological finding of metastatic skin cancer was adenocarcinoma (53.4%), followed by melanoma (18.8%) and squamous cell carcinoma (14.7%). Conclusion We believe that this study will be helpful in diagnosing metastatic skin cancer in patients with a history of cancer or a newly diagnosed primary cancer.

No abstract available.
Allografts* ; Cyclosporine* ; Graft Survival* ; Transplants*

No abstract available.
Allografts* ; Cyclosporine* ; Graft Survival* ; Transplants*

No abstract available.
Esophagus*

No abstract available.
Arteriovenous Fistula* ; Renal Dialysis*

No abstract available.
Gout* ; Hyperuricemia*

The healthy cities approach emphasizes the role of the leadership of local governments in promoting the health of the population in city settings. The concept emerged from public health strategies declared in the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion, and reflects the characteristics of the third public health revolution. The Korean healthy cities movement, characterized by voluntary participation of local governments in the Alliance for Healthy Cities, has grown rapidly in recent years. A strong push of the healthy cities movement by a local government without a profound commitment to the vision may hinder the effective and sustainable development of the movement. By reviewing the historical background and significance of the healthy cities movement and its underlying concepts, and illustrating the main strategies and goals of the movement, that is, the development of partnerships, community participation and empowerment, and working in networks for stimulating change, this article argues that the healthy cities movement is a potent vehicle for implementing the new paradigm of public health introduced to local governments. We also argue that the Korean healthy cities movement needs more active participants and more support of the central government and other related stakeholders.
Consumer Participation ; Health Promotion ; Korea ; Local Government ; Natural Resources ; Power (Psychology) ; Public Health ; Vision, Ocular

PURPOSE: As our society ages, a disease like benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) are increasing and needs consequent management. Recently, through the expansion of the communication infrastructure and terminals, a network services can be provided. However, the concern about distant medical management is increasing. We introduce here the Personal BPH Control Program (PBCP) and its application to clinical patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We have asked BPH patients to input the variable elements on the digital survey through the Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) once a week. We used the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and the average flow rate as the variable elements. We have used an algorithm to determine the patients condition. With this, we have developed a program that helps patients to adjust their visits to the hospital. RESULTS: According to the input elements, we have determined that the patients' condition was good (visit the hospital every 3 months) when the IPSS decreased, compared with the baseline and when the average flow rate was up above 2ml/sec. The patients' condition was a warning (visit the hospital every 2 months) when the IPSS was increased to below 3 and the average flow rate was down below +/- 2ml/sec, and the patients' condition was urgent when the IPSS increased to above 4 and the average flow rate was down above 3ml/sec. CONCLUSIONS: We expect that the PBCP has great socioeconomic utility when applying it to patients. A portable personal apparatus for measuring the flow rate is now being developed. When sufficient examples of applying the symptom algorithm have accumulated, we are going to report afterward the prospects of using the PBCP in the future.
Computers, Handheld ; Humans ; Prostate ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; Telecommunications

Protein Kinase C which is a Ca++ -activated, phospholipid - dependent enzyme phosphorylates numerous protein substrates and participates in intracellular signaling processes. Protein kinase C is associated with a wide range of biological effects including stimulus-secretion coupling, induction of cellular proliferation and differentiation, activation of nuclear transcription factors and cell surface receptors and tumor promotion. Programmed cell death, referred to apoptosis is an active, energy-dependent process in which the cell participates in its own destruction during apoptosis. There is condensation and fragmentation of nuclear chromatin, accompanied by a marked decline in total cell volume, dilation of the endoplasmic reticulum and general compacting of cellular organelles. Thereafter, there is fragmentation of both nucleus and cytoplasm to give rise to small membrane-bound vesicles known as apoptotic bodies. Protein kinase C may have the regulatory role in apoptosis. Staurosporine is a potent protein kinase C inhibitor. Staurosporine inhibited the growth of human invasive bladder tumor cells, T24 in MTT test. The survival fractions of human invasive bladder tumor cells T24 were 100.0%, 76.0%, 62.5% and 18.1% with staurosporine concentration 0nM, 10nM, 100nM and 1000nM, respectively. From the results we identified that staurosporine inhibited the growth of T24 cells markedly in a dose dependent manner(P<0.05). 12-hour exposure of T24 cells to staurosporine failed to induce DNA fragmentation at the concentrations of 0nM, 10nM and 100nM but promoted fragmentation at the concentration of 1000nM, showing typical ladder pattern on agarose gel electrophoresis. On the examination of cellular morphology, T24 cells showed the features of apoptosis such as cell shrinkage, nuclear condensation and formation of bleb and apoptotic bodies after exposure to staurosporine of 10nM, 100nM and 1000nM concentrations. These results suggest that staurosporine have remarkable cytotoxic effect against human invasive bladder tumor cells T 24 and the mechanism of cytotoxicity may be apoptosis.
Apoptosis ; Blister ; Cell Death ; Cell Proliferation ; Cell Size ; Chromatin ; Cytoplasm ; DNA Fragmentation ; Electrophoresis, Agar Gel ; Endoplasmic Reticulum ; Humans* ; Organelles ; Protein Kinase C* ; Protein Kinases* ; Receptors, Cell Surface ; Staurosporine ; Transcription Factors ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms* ; Urinary Bladder*

We studied the chronic renal allograft dysfunction in Korean renal transplants from 1 year after transplantation to 5 years. We evaluated renal function by simply using the reciprocal serum creatinine level and sought to find factors affecting the value of the reciprocal serum creatinine and graft survival, and changes of the slope of reciprocal serum creatinine. We also estimated the reciprocal serum creatinine from demographic parameters and routine laboratory results. This study included 114 patients, 87 male and 27 female who underwent renal transplantations and had functioning allografts for more than 18 month after transplantation. The results were as follows. 1) The reciprocal serum creatinine level decreased slowly and linearly. 2) There were many factors related to the reciprocal creatinine, including blood urea nitrogen, serum uric acid level, age of donors, sex of recipients, presence of acute rejecton, age of recipient, serum phosphorus, white cell count in blood, cyclosporine level in blood, hemoglobin level, posttransplantation period. We could derive the estimated reciprocal serum creatinine from data of the patients. 3) The age of the recipient and cyclosporine level at 1 year after transplantation affected the slope of the reciprocal serum creatinine during follow-up time. 4) There were 16 graft loss, including 3 functioning graft loss and 13 graft loss due to chronic allograft dysfunction. 5) Besides creatinine and BUN level at 1 year, higher blood pressure and proteinuria and lower hemoglobin levels at 1 year after transplantation were related to the graft loss from chronic allograft dysfunction. 6) There were more chronic allograft loss in patients who had lower actuarial reciprocal serum creatinine than estimated reciprocal serum creatinine. Because follow-up time was relatively short and there were only mild increases in serum creatinine level in our study, follow up of our patients for a longer-term period is required to find other factors affecting the renal allograft dysfunction.
Allografts* ; Blood Pressure ; Blood Urea Nitrogen ; Cell Count ; Creatinine ; Cyclosporine ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Graft Survival ; Humans ; Kidney Transplantation ; Male ; Phosphorus ; Proteinuria ; Tissue Donors ; Transplants ; Uric Acid