OBJECTIVES: This study is to see the transition and pattern of the industrial iureal worker, and to develop the prediction model. METHODS: The data of the study are based on the samples from data-warehouse of Occupational Safety & Health Research Institute and are summed monthly from Jan 1986 to Dec 1999. This study data used data mart and Meta data from DW in KOSHA. The prediction model of the injured worker in Industry is designed by using a winters time series method after data preparing (i. e. sample, explore, modify) from DW. RESULTS: Thls predicted model obtained Winters-method multiplicative in exponential smoothing among applied all models, after the tlme series (total 163 months). It showed that the prediction power was 95.5 %. CONCLUSIONS: In the process of exploring the data, totally the rate of industrial injureal workers reduced, and in the yearly circulation, in February and September the number is the lowest but in June, July, October and November the higher. The number of monthly average injureal workers is 8709 (95 % confidence interval 8277, 9140). From the developed prediction model, since Aug 1999 the industrial injureal worker reduced rapidly in Dec 1999 and first period of 2000. But In second period of 2000 the number of the injured workers is increasing. To conclude, as the total economic situation is becoming better in 2000 than In 1999, its is supposed that the injured workers will increase more than the predictive injured workers because of the increase of production rate and labor force.
Academies and Institutes ; Data Mining* ; Employment ; Humans ; Occupational Health

Thirty cases of peripheral nerve injury were selected and analysed by means of electromyographic studies at Severance Hospital, Yonsei University, from January 1972 to August 1972. 1. The sex ratio was 17:13 (male: female). The peak incidence occurred in the twenty to thirty year age group. Involved side: right side 18 cases: left side 12 cases. 2. Nerve involved: peroneal nerve (15 cases), tibial nerve (2 cases), median nerve (7 cases), ulnar nerve (4 cases) and radial nerve (2 case). 3. Mode of nerve injuries 1) Peroneal nerve: Nerve compression, variable (10 cases) Tibia & fibular fracture complication (4 cases) Stab wound, fibular neck region (1 case) 2) Tibial nerve: Injection neuritis, buttock (2 cases) 3) Median nerve: Cut glass laceration, wrist region (3 cases) Carpal tunnel syndrome (3 cases) Undetermined mode (1 case) 4) Ulnar nerve: Cut glass laceration, wrst region (2 cases) Forearm bones fracture complication (1 case) Supracondylar fracture (cubitus valgus) (1 case) 5) Radial nerve: Cut glass laceration, wrist region (1 case) Crushing injury, elbow region (1 case) 4. Among the 15 cases of peroneal nerve injury, there were 10 cases of partial denervation and 5 cases of complete denervation. 5. The mode of injury in 10 cases of partial denervation was nerve compression from the following causes: lithotomy posture during forceps delivery (1 case), external rotation of legs during recovery state after surgery (3 cases), abnormal posture during coma state after CO intoxication (2 cases), tight long leg cast (3 cases), and direct trauma while descending stairs (1 case). 6. In all 10 cases of partial denervation of the peroneal nerve, decreased motor nerve conduction velocities, diminished amplitude and prolonged latencies were observed. 7. In partial denervation of the peroneal nerve, the earliest that reinnervation was observed was within 3 weeks in 3 out of 10 cases. 8. Spontaneous fibrillation was observed 3weeks after injury in all cases except one in which it was observed only 7 days after peroneal nerve injury. 9, The earliest appearance of positive sharp waves among all peroneal nerve injuries was observed 2 weeks after injury. 10. The initial appearance of nascent potentials (polyphasic potentials) in peroneal nerve injuries was observed 3 weeks after injury (1 case), 5 weeks after injury (1 case), and 5 months after injury (1 case). They are all partial denervation cases due to nerve compression. 11. Ten cases of partial denervation of the peroneal nerve were treated with electrical stimulation and drop foot board with good recovery. Five cases of complete denervation of the peroneal nerve were treated with neurorrhaphy (1 case) and short leg bracing (4 cases). 12. The initial appearance, of polyphasic potentials was observed 5 months after injury in one case out of 3 cases of median nerve injury. 13. Three cases of median nerve injury were classified as carpal tunnel syndrome and occurred in women only. Observations included absence of sensory nerve action potentials below the lesion, delayed distal latency at wrist and normal motor nerve conduction velocity. They were treated by division of the deep transverse carpal ligament with good result. 14. The initial appearance of nascent potentials was observed 7 months after injury in one case among 3 cases of ulnar nerve injury. 15. In two cases each of radial and tibial nerve injury, no reinnervation pattern was observed until the six month follow-up study after injury. At that time no muscle contraction could be seen or palpated clinically. 16. We observed normal motor unit potentials in the muscles in the follow-up studies even though muscle contraction could not be seen or palpated clinically. 17. Electromyographic examination at selected intervals made accurate diagnosis and prognosis possible and aided in evaluating the course of nerve regeneration, which permictted the choice of appropriate treatment.
Action Potentials ; Braces ; Buttocks ; Carpal Tunnel Syndrome ; Coma ; Denervation ; Diagnosis ; Elbow ; Electric Stimulation ; Extremities ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Foot ; Forearm ; Glass ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lacerations ; Leg ; Ligaments ; Median Nerve ; Muscle Contraction ; Muscles ; Neck ; Nerve Regeneration ; Neural Conduction ; Neuritis ; Peripheral Nerve Injuries ; Peripheral Nerves ; Peroneal Nerve ; Posture ; Prognosis ; Radial Nerve ; Sex Ratio ; Surgical Instruments ; Tibia ; Tibial Nerve ; Ulnar Nerve ; Wounds, Stab ; Wrist

Although several kinds of instrumentation systems are available for the transpedicular screw fixation in the treatment of spondylolisthesis, the clinical results and the difference between them remdins unclear. In order to study the feasibility of Zielke instrumentation system for that purpose, the author analysed the clinical results of 73 patients with mild or moderate degree of spondylolisthesis who were instrumented with the systems and followed up 25 months in average(Min. 12Ms). The results between the groups with different rod thickness in the system, 3.2mm(20 patients), 4mm(33 patients) and 5mm(20 patients), were compared to study the most appropriate thickness. Reduction of the deformity were done by aid of temporarilly applied Harrington system in 3.2mm group. Inlayed reduction potential coming from the jointing mechanism was utilized in the cases with less than 30% of slippage in 4 and 5mm group. Percentage of slippage was changed from 20% preoperatively, to 4% postoperatively and 6% at the end of follow up. The methods of fusion after reduction and fixation were anterior in 25 and posterolateral in 48. Bony fusion was achieved in all but one with pathological spondylolisthesis. Rod failures were observed in two of 3.2mm and one of 4mm group, and loosening of the joint were developed in three of 5mm group. Clinically, 93% of the patient showed excellent and good results at the end of follow up. From the results, we concluded that the instrumentation is a efficient method of treatment with several advantages in the reduction capacity and the stability of fixation. However, this system has several points in its mechanics that needs to be improved.
Congenital Abnormalities ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Joints ; Mechanics ; Methods ; Spondylolisthesis

Pretibial myxedema is a condition in which there is loeal thickening of the skin by a mucin-like deposit; it is nearly always asosciated with ophthalmopathy and thyrotoxicosis, not infrequently becomes more pronounced after treatrnent of thyrotoxicosis. The precise cause of pretibial myxedema is not known, but it appears that IgG LATS represents an autoantibody against a thyroid antigen, retroorbital tiesue and tbe skin, so, pretibial myxedema is presumed to be the result of a local antigen-antibody tissue reaction. A 57-year-old man had the history of diabetes since 1964 and Graves disease since May 1980, he was treated with metimazole for 1 month, with improving thyrotoxicosis but developed the pretibial myxedema. The histologic findings showed considerable amount of mucin, especially hyaluronic acid with toluidin blue stain at PH 3.0. The lesions were improved by local application of 0.01 x fluocinolone acetonide ointment with occlusive dressing technique.
Fluocinolone Acetonide ; Graves Disease ; Humans ; Hyaluronic Acid ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Immunoglobulin G ; Long-Acting Thyroid Stimulator ; Middle Aged ; Mucins ; Myxedema* ; Occlusive Dressings ; Skin ; Thyroid Gland ; Thyrotoxicosis

Disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis (DSAP) has an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance with reduced penetration at young age, characterized by multiple superficial keratotic lesions surrounded by a slightly raised border. The aggrevation of the lesion by exposing UV light indicates that phenotypic expression of gene regluating DSAP is related to sun light. We observed a family of which 13 members had DSAP in 3 successive generations. They were grandrnother, two sons of her 3 offsprings, 2 grandsons and 8 granddaughters. Lesions of all cases were found on the sun exposed areas, especially, face, extremities and upper trunk but exceptionally one had a lesion on the unex posed area, abdomen below the iliac crest. The number of lesions of the individual patient were 12-116, and there appeared to be increasing number of lesions with age.
Abdomen ; Extremities ; Family Characteristics* ; Humans ; Porokeratosis* ; Solar System ; Ultraviolet Rays ; Wills

BACKGROUND: Using c-fos expression one of the immediate early gene, as a marker of altered neuronal response, we investigated the effect of superior cervical ganglion block (SCGB) exhibiting the same effect of SGB of human on the activity of several brain regions which are considered as located on autonomic neural pathway and neuroendocrine axis in rat. METHOD: The 48 Sprague-Dawley strain rats were divided into 4 groups, as saline/stress (control) group, SCGB/stress (tested) group, saline group, SCGB group. Superior cervical ganglion block was conducted in the SCGB/stress group and SCGB group while saline/stress and saline group were sham operated. After then restraint stress was imposed on the animals of SCGB/stress group and saline/stress group. And 2 hour after injection (saline, SCGB group) or restraint stress (saline/stress, SCGB/stress group), c-fos protein (Fos) was localized by immunocytochemistry. RESULTS: Much stronger Fos immunoreactivity was induced in the several brain region of control group rats compared to other three groups and the numbers of Fos positive cell count of tested group were significantly decreased in paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (p<0.01), A5 (p<0.01), raphe pallidus (p<0.05), nucleus tractus solitaius (p<0.01) compared to control group. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrate that superior cervical ganglion block attenuates stress induced neuronal activities of paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, A5, raphe pallidus, nucleus tractus solitarius.
Animals ; Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Brain* ; Cell Count ; Genes, vif ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Neural Pathways ; Neurons ; Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Solitary Nucleus ; Superior Cervical Ganglion*

PURPOSE: To demonstrate the characterization calretinin-immunoreactive displaced amacrine cells in the ganglion cell layer using immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. METHODS: For immunohistochemistry, sections from guinea pig retina were incubated with mouse monoclonal antibody directed against calretinin. For double label studies, sections were incuated in mixture of mouse monoclonal anti-calretinin or rabbit polyclonal anti-calretinin with following antibodies: goat polyclonal anti-ChAT, rabbit polyclonal anti-GABA, mouse monoclonal anti-GABAA receptor alpha1, beta2/3. Sections were analyzed using Bio-rad Radiance Plus confocal scanning microscope. Stained sections from three guinea pig were observed with transmission electron microscope. RESULTS: Calretinin immunoreactivity was present in displaced amacrine cells and ganglion cells gaving rise to processes ramified in the inner part of the inner plexiform layer in stratum 4. The same stratum was also occupied by the dendrites of ON-cholinergic amacrine cells. Double-labeling demonstrated that dendrites and cell bodies of displaced amacrine cells colocalized with ON-cholinergic amacrine cells and dendrites of ganglion cells directly overlapped with dendrites of ON-cholinergic amacrine cells. The synaptic connectivity was identified by electron microscopy. Ganglion cell dendrites received synaptic input from ON-cholinergic amacrine cell. GABAA receptor beta2/3 subunit bands cofaciculates the dendrites of displaced amacrine cell and ganglion cell that are juxtapose to the alpha1 subunit of GABAA receptor. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that ON-cholinergic amacrine cells modulate calretinin-labeled ganglion cell via GABAA receptor beta2/3 in the guinea pig retina.
Amacrine Cells ; Animals ; Calcium-Binding Protein, Vitamin D-Dependent ; Dendrites ; Electrons ; Ganglion Cysts ; Goats ; Guinea ; Guinea Pigs ; Immunohistochemistry ; Mice ; Microscopy, Electron ; Retina

Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) of preterm infants remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality despite improvements in neonatal intensive care and artificial ventilatory techniques. After identification of the deficiency of pulmonary surfactant is major pathophysiologic basis in RDS, artificial surfactant replacement therapy in RDS was first successfully tested by Fujiwara and co-workers in 1980. therefore, exogenous surfactant replacement produced exellent results in improved clinical and repiratory status during the acute period and decreased incidence of late complications and mortality. According to comparison of administration timing between early (within 6 hours after birth) and late (after 6 hours)group, early replacement therapy is more effective in improving of clinical course and prognosis. Because of that, early, just after birth, recognition and detection of RDS is also important procedure. There are many investigations and methods for the detection of RDS in prenatal or postnatal period. Among then, stable microbubble rating (SMR) test was a simple method and SMR test has a higher diagnostic accuracy. To determine the relation of the SMR and purified natural surfactant (PNS) concentration in vitro, the author conducted each 5 times test of SMR method according to 5 groups of PNS concentration by using modified Pattle's method. The results were as follows: 1) The mean and standard deviation of SMR according to 5 groups of PNS concentration were 119.4 (15.0in 20mug PL (phospholipid)/ml, 452.2 (160.2 in 40mug PL/ml, 879.0 (93.4 in 60mug PL/ml, 1311.8 (274.8in80mug PL/ml, 1710.6(272.3 in 100mug PL/ml. 2) The regression curve of SMR and PNS concentration showed statistically significant relation(p<0.005). In conclusion, the SMR test was a good method in estimation of surfactant concentration in vitro and also in diagnosis of RDS recognized as a surfactant deficiency. In the future, we expected that prophylactic surfactant replacement therapy. immediate after birth, will be more popular in the field of neonatal care of RDS. So, we recommended the use of this method for early detection and serving optimal care of RDS.
Diagnosis ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Intensive Care, Neonatal ; Microbubbles* ; Mortality ; Parturition ; Prognosis ; Pulmonary Surfactants*

No abstract available.
Erythrocytes*

No abstract available.
Pulmonary Artery* ; Takayasu Arteritis*