No abstract available.
Fetal Weight* ; Humans ; Infant* ; Infant, Low Birth Weight* ; Infant, Newborn ; Parturition* ; Weight Gain*

Pretibial myxedema is a condition in which there is loeal thickening of the skin by a mucin-like deposit; it is nearly always asosciated with ophthalmopathy and thyrotoxicosis, not infrequently becomes more pronounced after treatrnent of thyrotoxicosis. The precise cause of pretibial myxedema is not known, but it appears that IgG LATS represents an autoantibody against a thyroid antigen, retroorbital tiesue and tbe skin, so, pretibial myxedema is presumed to be the result of a local antigen-antibody tissue reaction. A 57-year-old man had the history of diabetes since 1964 and Graves disease since May 1980, he was treated with metimazole for 1 month, with improving thyrotoxicosis but developed the pretibial myxedema. The histologic findings showed considerable amount of mucin, especially hyaluronic acid with toluidin blue stain at PH 3.0. The lesions were improved by local application of 0.01 x fluocinolone acetonide ointment with occlusive dressing technique.
Fluocinolone Acetonide ; Graves Disease ; Humans ; Hyaluronic Acid ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Immunoglobulin G ; Long-Acting Thyroid Stimulator ; Middle Aged ; Mucins ; Myxedema* ; Occlusive Dressings ; Skin ; Thyroid Gland ; Thyrotoxicosis

BACKGROUND: Using c-fos expression one of the immediate early gene, as a marker of altered neuronal response, we investigated the effect of superior cervical ganglion block (SCGB) exhibiting the same effect of SGB of human on the activity of several brain regions which are considered as located on autonomic neural pathway and neuroendocrine axis in rat. METHOD: The 48 Sprague-Dawley strain rats were divided into 4 groups, as saline/stress (control) group, SCGB/stress (tested) group, saline group, SCGB group. Superior cervical ganglion block was conducted in the SCGB/stress group and SCGB group while saline/stress and saline group were sham operated. After then restraint stress was imposed on the animals of SCGB/stress group and saline/stress group. And 2 hour after injection (saline, SCGB group) or restraint stress (saline/stress, SCGB/stress group), c-fos protein (Fos) was localized by immunocytochemistry. RESULTS: Much stronger Fos immunoreactivity was induced in the several brain region of control group rats compared to other three groups and the numbers of Fos positive cell count of tested group were significantly decreased in paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (p<0.01), A5 (p<0.01), raphe pallidus (p<0.05), nucleus tractus solitaius (p<0.01) compared to control group. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrate that superior cervical ganglion block attenuates stress induced neuronal activities of paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, A5, raphe pallidus, nucleus tractus solitarius.
Animals ; Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Brain* ; Cell Count ; Genes, vif ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Neural Pathways ; Neurons ; Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Solitary Nucleus ; Superior Cervical Ganglion*

Behcet's syndrome has been known as a disease which has the triple symptoms such as recurrent orogenital ulceration and eye inflammation. The syndrome is now recogninized as a multisystem disease involving mucocutaneaous, cardiovascular, central nervous system, renal, articular and gastrointestinal system. The vascular involvement in Behcet's disease has been reported since Mischima first described the case in 1961, four types of vascular lesion are recognized ; arterial occlusion ; aneurysm ; venous occlusion ; and varices. Venous occlusion are frequently observed, most commonly in the inferior or superior vena cava. We report a case of Behcet's disease manifested as superior vena cava syndrome due to thrombus on both brachiocephalic veins.
Aneurysm ; Behcet Syndrome* ; Brachiocephalic Veins ; Central Nervous System ; Inflammation ; Superior Vena Cava Syndrome* ; Thrombosis ; Ulcer ; Varicose Veins ; Vena Cava, Superior*

BACKGROUND: Positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) ventilation is well established as an integral part of the management of patients with the acute lung injury. PEEP is a key element in the treatment of hypoxemia resulting from pulmonary edema. Pulmonary capillary pressure (Pcap) is the most important factor influencing lung edema formation, and an understanding of how Pcap is altered by variations of PEEP or pulmonary arterial occlusion pressure (PAOP) is important to improve the treatment of acute lung injury patients. This study was performed to evaluate the effects of PEEP on the pulmonary capillary pressure in acute lung injury patients. METHODS: This was a prospective study of 11 acute lung injury patients. The effect of PEEP on pulmonary circulation at four different levels (0,4,8, and 12cm H2O) was analyzed. Pcap was estimated visually at bed side with Swan Ganz catheters. The pulmonary vasculature was analyzed by calculating the pressure difference at the arterial and venous parts of the circulation. RESULTS: As PEEP increased from 0 to 12 cm H2O, the mean puhnonary arterial pressure (PAP) and Pcap increased respectively from 22.7 ± 7.4 to 25.3 ± 7.3 mmHg and 15.3 ± 3.3 to 17.8 ±3.2 mmHg (p<0.05). Similarly, PAOP increased from 9.8 ± 2.1 to 12.8 ± 2.1 mmHg and the central venous pressure increased from 6.1 ± 1.6 to 9.3 1: 2.3 mmHg(p<0.05). However, the pressure gradient at the arterial (PAP-Pcap) and venous (Pcap-Pcwp) part of pulmonary circulation remained unchanged at all evaluated PEEP levels. CONCLUSION: Although Pcap increasoo gradually with increased PEEP, the pressure gradient at the arterial and venous part of the pulmonary vasculature remained unchanged at all evaluated PEEP levels in acute lung injury patients.
Acute Lung Injury* ; Anoxia ; Arterial Pressure ; Capillaries* ; Catheters ; Central Venous Pressure ; Edema ; Humans ; Lung ; Positive-Pressure Respiration* ; Prospective Studies ; Pulmonary Circulation ; Pulmonary Edema ; Ventilation

No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans ; Joints* ; Tuberculosis, Osteoarticular*

Metastatic tumor to the eye is the most common type of intraocular malignancy. The most common primary site of the intraocular metastatic tumor is the breast in women and the lung in men respectively and the choroid is by far the most common site for intraocular metastasis. We experienced a case of chroidal metastasis in a patient with pancreatic carcinoma which is not published in Korea. So, we review that case with the literatures related with metastatic pancreatic cancer to the choroid.
Breast ; Choroid* ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Lung ; Male ; Neoplasm Metastasis* ; Pancreatic Neoplasms

Metastatic tumor to the eye is the most common type of intraocular malignancy. The most common primary site of the intraocular metastatic tumor is the breast in women and the lung in men respectively and the choroid is by far the most common site for intraocular metastasis. We experienced a case of chroidal metastasis in a patient with pancreatic carcinoma which is not published in Korea. So, we review that case with the literatures related with metastatic pancreatic cancer to the choroid.
Breast ; Choroid* ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Lung ; Male ; Neoplasm Metastasis* ; Pancreatic Neoplasms

BACKGROUND: In January 2015, South Korea's government raised the cigarette tax, and the retail price of cigarettes abruptly increased by 80% compared to the previous year. This research aimed to determine the effect of this increase on smoking cessation among South Korean smokers. METHODS: We analyzed data collected by the 2013–2015 South Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey of 15,203 South Koreans over 19 years old using regression analysis. We examined the recent non-smoking period of nonsmoking people, prepared according to the survey, and analyzed the recent smoking cessation ratio. RESULTS: Among smokers, from 2013 to 2014, the smoking cessation rate was 7.2%, and it increased to 9.9% in 2015 after the increase in the cigarette tax. In 2015, the recent smoking cessation rate was higher among people over the age of 60 (odds ratio [OR], 2.67) compared to those between the ages of 40 and 49. The recent smoking cessation rate was higher among people with below elementary education (OR, 2.28) and above university education (OR, 1.94) compared to high school, higher for those with apartments (OR, 1.74) compared to general type residences, and higher among those with a household income in the low-middle quartile (Q2) (OR, 2.32) compared to the highest quartile (Q4). CONCLUSION This innovative policy including increase in cigarette prices affected smoking cessation, and its impact varied by sub-group of smokers in South Korea.

BACKGROUND: In January 2015, South Korea's government raised the cigarette tax, and the retail price of cigarettes abruptly increased by 80% compared to the previous year. This research aimed to determine the effect of this increase on smoking cessation among South Korean smokers. METHODS: We analyzed data collected by the 2013–2015 South Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey of 15,203 South Koreans over 19 years old using regression analysis. We examined the recent non-smoking period of nonsmoking people, prepared according to the survey, and analyzed the recent smoking cessation ratio. RESULTS: Among smokers, from 2013 to 2014, the smoking cessation rate was 7.2%, and it increased to 9.9% in 2015 after the increase in the cigarette tax. In 2015, the recent smoking cessation rate was higher among people over the age of 60 (odds ratio [OR], 2.67) compared to those between the ages of 40 and 49. The recent smoking cessation rate was higher among people with below elementary education (OR, 2.28) and above university education (OR, 1.94) compared to high school, higher for those with apartments (OR, 1.74) compared to general type residences, and higher among those with a household income in the low-middle quartile (Q2) (OR, 2.32) compared to the highest quartile (Q4). CONCLUSION This innovative policy including increase in cigarette prices affected smoking cessation, and its impact varied by sub-group of smokers in South Korea.