PURPOSE: To compare the pupil sizes measured using the automatic pupillometer and pupil card. METHODS: We measured pupil sizes using a pupil card (Rosenbaum Card, J.G. Rosenbaum, Cleveland, OH, USA) and automated pupillometer (VIP(TM)-200, Neuroptics Inc., San Clemente, CA, USA) under different luminous intensities in 60 eyes of 60 patients who visited the ophthalmology clinic during August 2013. RESULTS: Under the photopic condition, pupil sizes measured using automated pupillometer were larger than those measured using the pupil card with statistical significance. The 2 techniques were not different under mesopic and scotopic conditions. Under all light conditions, automated pupillometer showed higher inter-rater reliability. Under the scotopic condition, pupil sizes measured using the pupil card were smaller than pupil sizes measured using the pupillometer according to increased pupil size. CONCLUSIONS: When compared with pupil card, automated pupillometer provided accurate and reliable measurement with small inter-rater variation and was easy and simple to use. However, based on comparable measurements of both techniques under mesopic and scotopic conditions, the pupil card can be used as preoperative evaluation when considering the cost of purchase and maintenance.
Humans ; Ophthalmology ; Pupil*

PURPOSE: A hospital-based case-control study was conducted to figure out the risk factors for benign breast disorders in Korea. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Histologically confirmed incident cases of benign breast disorders(n=54) were selected from inpatients with life-style information at the Department of General Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital during 1994 to 1997. Women with free of self-reporting past history of any malignancies were regarded as controls who were selected from the inpatients at the same department of the same hospital(n=180). Information on life-styles including reproductive factors were obtained by direct interview using questionnaire. Adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were estimated by multivariate logistic regression model with matching variables. RESULTS: Overall, higher educational level, family history of breast cancer, alcohol drinking, and older age at first fullterm pregnancy related to the risk of benign breast disorders. For premenopausal women, older age, higher educational level, and family history of breast cancer increased the risk of benign breast disorders. For postmenopausal women, alcohol drinking, older age at first fullterm pregnancy, and more frequent experiences of fullterm pregnancy increased the risk. Elder age in postmenopausal women and the experience of breast feeding had, however, protective effect against benign breast disorders. CONCLUSIONS: Although the risk factors for benign breast disease may differ from those for breast cancer, these findings are consistent with the hypothesis of excessive circulating estrogen. The present data indicate some risk factors of benign breast disorders are confirmed as risk factors for breast cancer though a substantial agreement between the risk factors for (pathologically confirmed) benign and malignant breast disease.
Alcohol Drinking ; Breast Diseases ; Breast Feeding ; Breast Neoplasms ; Breast* ; Case-Control Studies* ; Estrogens ; Female ; Humans ; Inpatients ; Korea* ; Logistic Models ; Odds Ratio ; Pregnancy ; Reproduction ; Risk Factors* ; Seoul ; Surveys and Questionnaires

The occurrence of an abdominal wall hematoma caused by abdominal paracentesis in patients with liver cirrhosis is rare. This paper presents a case of an abdominal wall hematoma caused by abdominal paracentesis in a 67-year-old woman with liver cirrhosis with a review of the relevant literature. Two days prior, the patient underwent abdominal paracentesis for symptom relief for refractory ascites at a local clinic. Upon admission, a physical examination revealed purpuric patches with swelling and mild tenderness in the left lower quadrant of the abdominal wall. Abdominal computed tomography revealed advanced liver cirrhosis with splenomegaly, tortuous dilatation of the para-umbilical vein, a large volume of ascites, and a large acute hematoma at the left lower quadrant of the abdominal wall. An external iliac artery angiogram showed the extravasation of contrast media from the left deep circumflex iliac artery. Embolization of the target arterial branches using N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate was then performed, and the bleeding was stopped. The final diagnosis was an abdominal wall hematoma from the left deep circumflex iliac artery after abdominal paracentesis in a patient with liver cirrhosis.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: In the era of stents, lesion length remains an important predictor of restenosis. Drug-eluting stents (DESs) have significantly reduced in-stent restenosis (ISR), but results in long lesions are still lacking. Therefore, we investigated the impact of DESs on clinical outcomes in patients with diffuse coronary lesions. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Between January 2004 and January 2005, 80 patients (94 lesions) with lesions >20 mm in length were treated with one or more DESs and underwent follow-up coronary angiography. The patients were divided into three groups: Group 1 was composed of those with lesions 21 to 35 mm in length, Group 2 was composed of those with lesions 36 to 50 mm in length, and Group 3 was composed of those with lesions > or =51 mm in length. RESULTS: The mean clinical follow-up duration was 9 months. On the 6-month follow-up angiogram, 6.4% of the lesions had binary ISR (5.0% in group 1, 8.7% in group 2, and 9.1% in group 3). The percent diameter stenosis was 6.0+/-18.15% in Group 1, 12.61+/-21.99% in Group 2, and 19.81+/-31.26% in Group 3(p< 0.05). Late lumen loss was 0.17+/-0.50 mm in Group 1, 0.39+/-0.66 mm in Group 2, and 0.59+/-0.93 mm in Group 3 (p<0.05). Lesion length was associated with an increase in percent diameter stenosis and late lumen loss (of 6.9% and 0.21 mm per 15 mm). CONCLUSION: DES implantation is considered safe and effective in the treatment of diffuse lesions. However, lesion length may be associated with an increase in percent diameter stenosis and late lumen loss at 6-month follow-up.
Constriction, Pathologic ; Coronary Angiography ; Coronary Restenosis ; Coronary Stenosis ; Drug-Eluting Stents ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Stents

PURPOSE: The interactive effects of genetic polymorphisms of cytochrome P4502E1 (CYP2E1) & N-acetyltransferase 1 (NAT1) and smoking on lung cancer development were evaluated in hospital based case-control study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Male lung cancer patients (N= 157) and the male patients with no present or previous history of systemic illnesses who visited the urology department (N=138) were recruited (1998-1999). CYP2E1 & NAT1 genotypes were determined by PCR-RFLP method using RsaI and MboII digestion, respectively. RESULTS: CYP2E1 c2 or NAT1 *10 allele did not increased the risk of lung cancer. Heavy smokers (35 Alleles ; Case-Control Studies ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1* ; Cytochromes ; Digestion ; Gene-Environment Interaction ; Genotype ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms* ; Lung* ; Male ; Polymorphism, Genetic* ; Smoke* ; Smoking* ; Urology

PURPOSE: Pompe disease (PD) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by a deficiency of acid alpha-glucosidase resulting from pathogenic GAA variants. This study describes the clinical features, genotypes, changes before and after enzyme replacement therapy (ERT), and long-term outcomes in patients with infantile-onset PD (IOPD) and late-onset PD (LOPD) at a tertiary medical center. METHODS: The medical records of 5 Korean patients (2 male, 3 female patients) diagnosed with PD between 2002 and 2013 at Samsung Medical Center in Seoul, Republic of Korea were retrospectively reviewed for data, including clinical and genetic characteristics at diagnosis and clinical course after ERT. RESULTS: Common initial symptoms included hypotonia, cyanosis, and tachycardia in patients with IOPD and limb girdle weakness in patients with LOPD. Electrocardiography at diagnosis revealed hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in all patients with IOPD who showed a stable disease course during a median follow-up period of 10 years. Patients with LOPD showed improved hepatomegaly and liver transaminase level after ERT. CONCLUSION: As ERT is effective for treatment of PD, early identification of this disease is very important. Thus, patients with IOPD should be considered candidates for clinical trials of new drugs in the future.
alpha-Glucosidases ; Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic ; Child ; Cyanosis ; Diagnosis ; Electrocardiography ; Enzyme Replacement Therapy ; Extremities ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Genotype ; Glycogen Storage Disease Type II ; Hepatomegaly ; Humans ; Liver ; Male ; Medical Records ; Muscle Hypotonia ; Republic of Korea ; Retrospective Studies ; Seoul ; Tachycardia