Tangential vitreoretinal traction around fovea is known to be the principal cause in the pathogenesis of idiopathic macular holes. According to the recent study, the internal limiting membrane(ILM) may provide a scaffold for fibroblast proliferation and contraction, therefore play an important role in the enlargement of macular hole. We removed the ILM during macular hole surgery and assessed the anatomical and functional outcome of the macular hole surgery. Twelve consecutive patients with full-thickness macular hole were enrolled in this study. They were examed for best-corrected vision, fundus photography, fluorescein angiography, Humphrey automated perimetry, focal eletroretinogram, before and after surgery. After surgery, vision was improved in 8 eyes(67%), hole was closed in 10 eyes(83%). Macular thresholds on visual field was increased in 8 eyes and peripheral scotomas developed in 3 eyes postoperatively. The amplitude increased in 7 eyes and the implicit time decreased in 8 eyes on focal electroretinograms postoperatively. Out results suggested that the complete removal of ILM should be attempted to improve vision and to close holes during the full-thickness macular hole surgery.
Fibroblasts ; Fluorescein Angiography ; Humans ; Membranes* ; Photography ; Retinal Perforations* ; Scotoma ; Traction ; Visual Field Tests ; Visual Fields

We performed a retrospective study of perforating eye injuries treated at Kyung-pook National University Hospital during period from 1983 to 1987. Total number of patient with perforating eye injuries was 233(237 eyes). Of these 233 cases, 194(83.3%) were male and 39(16.7%) were female. Mostly, they were under 30 years of age and the peak age group was the most frequent(126 patient 54%) and combined corneoscleral perforation was next. The complication was mostly lens opacity, 95(40%) out of 237 eyes. Uveal prolapse were seen in 70(29.5%) eyes, traumatic hyphama was seen in 49(20.7%) eyes, IOFB(Intraocular-Foreign body) was seen in 22(9.3%)eyes, and vitreous hemorrhage was seen in 20(8.4%) eyes. Other less-frequent complications included retinal lesion(4.2%), iridopialysis(2.1%), and optic nerve injury(0.4%). The most frequent cause of perforating eye injuries was industrial accidents followed by home accidents and traffic accidents. The causes of decreased visual acuity was mostly corneal opacity, 80 out of 237 eyes(33%) followed by vitreous opacity, 18(7.9%)eyes. Final visual acuity better than 0.5 was noted in 79(33.3%).
Accidents, Home ; Accidents, Occupational ; Accidents, Traffic ; Cataract ; Corneal Opacity ; Eye Injuries ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Optic Nerve ; Prolapse ; Retinaldehyde ; Retrospective Studies ; Visual Acuity ; Vitreous Hemorrhage

PURPOSE: Optic disc harmatoma is usually seen in tuberous sclerosis patients, but, it may be seen in otherwise normal people. Visual acuity is usually not affected by this lesion. METHODS: We experienced a 40-year-old woman with optic disc hamartoma who presented with acute visual defect. With oral triamcinolone 48mg/day, her visions recovered to normal in 2 weeks. RESULTS: Her age, symptom, and course of disease supported the diagnosis of optic neuritis. CONCLUSION: We report this patient as a case of optic disc hamartoma combined with optic neuritis.
Adult ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Hamartoma* ; Humans ; Optic Neuritis* ; Triamcinolone ; Tuberous Sclerosis ; Visual Acuity

No abstract available.
Iliac Vein ; Leiomyosarcoma

OBJETIVE: To assess the effects of progesterone and acetyl-L-carnitine used after treated with IsolateR gradient before semen cryopreservation-thawing on sperm parameters and membrane integrity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From April 2001 to July 2001, ten normal male partner of couples who were visited in vitro fertilization (IVF) clinics. the semens were treated with IsolateR gradient before cryopreservation, spermatozoa was incubated with progesterone (1, 5 and 10 micrometer), acetyl-L-carnitine (2.5, 5 and 10 micrometer), or both (progesterone, 1 micrometer; and acetyl-L-carnitine, 5 micrometer) for 30 min. RESULTS: There were no differences in sperm parameters and vital stain among isolate only treated group, progesterone (1, 5 and 10 micrometer), acetyl-L-carnitine (2.5, 5 and 10 micrometer) and both (progesterone, 1 micrometer; and acetyl-L-carnitine, 5 micrometer). But, in high concentration of acetyl-L-carnitine (10 micrometer) treated group, sperm parameters and vital stain were decreased. The statistical method was used ANOVA (Kruskal-Wallis test) and p value was <0.01. CONCLUSIONS: Neither progesterone nor acetyl-L-carnitine show to be protective effect on the cryodamage assessed by sperm parameters and vital stain (eosin-Y stain) in normal sperm. High concentration of acetyl-L-carnitine (10 micrometer), however, was harmful effect on cryoprevention.
Acetylcarnitine* ; Cryopreservation ; Family Characteristics ; Fertilization in Vitro ; Humans ; Male ; Membranes* ; Progesterone ; Semen ; Spermatozoa*

Objective: Among the pediatric population with minor head trauma, it is difficult to determine an indication for the usage of brain computerized tomography (CT). Our study aims to compare the efficiency of the most commonly used clinical decision rules: the Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network (PECARN) and Canadian Assessment of Tomography for Childhood Head Injury 2 (CATCH2). Methods: This retrospective study investigated whether the PECARN and CATCH2 rules were applicable to Korean children with minor head trauma for reducing the use of brain CT imaging, while detecting intracranial pathology. Results: Overall, 251 patients (0–5 years old) admitted to emergency rooms within 24 hours of injury were included between August 2015 to August 2018. The performance results are as follows: the PECARN and CATCH2 rules had a sensitivity of 80.00% (51.91%–95.67%) and 100% (78.20%–100.00%) with a specificity of 28.39% (22.73%–34.60%) and 15.25% (10.92%–20.49%), respectively; the negative predictive values were 98.58% and 100%, respectively. Overall, the CATCH2 rule was more successful than the PECARN rule in detecting intracranial pathology; however, there was no significant difference between them. Furthermore, the PECARN and CATCH2 rules lowered the rate of head CT imaging in our study group. Conclusion Both the rules significantly lowered the rate of indicated brain CT. However, since the CATCH2 rule had higher sensitivity and negative predictive value than the PECARN rule, it is more appropriate to be used in emergency rooms for detecting intracranial pathology in children with minor head trauma.

Objective: Among the pediatric population with minor head trauma, it is difficult to determine an indication for the usage of brain computerized tomography (CT). Our study aims to compare the efficiency of the most commonly used clinical decision rules: the Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network (PECARN) and Canadian Assessment of Tomography for Childhood Head Injury 2 (CATCH2). Methods: This retrospective study investigated whether the PECARN and CATCH2 rules were applicable to Korean children with minor head trauma for reducing the use of brain CT imaging, while detecting intracranial pathology. Results: Overall, 251 patients (0–5 years old) admitted to emergency rooms within 24 hours of injury were included between August 2015 to August 2018. The performance results are as follows: the PECARN and CATCH2 rules had a sensitivity of 80.00% (51.91%–95.67%) and 100% (78.20%–100.00%) with a specificity of 28.39% (22.73%–34.60%) and 15.25% (10.92%–20.49%), respectively; the negative predictive values were 98.58% and 100%, respectively. Overall, the CATCH2 rule was more successful than the PECARN rule in detecting intracranial pathology; however, there was no significant difference between them. Furthermore, the PECARN and CATCH2 rules lowered the rate of head CT imaging in our study group. Conclusion Both the rules significantly lowered the rate of indicated brain CT. However, since the CATCH2 rule had higher sensitivity and negative predictive value than the PECARN rule, it is more appropriate to be used in emergency rooms for detecting intracranial pathology in children with minor head trauma.

No abstract available.
Hemorrhage ; Hypotension, Orthostatic ; Pons

We evaluated the type and the degree of refractive errors of 213 eyes in 124 children with anisometropic and refractive amblyopia aged 3 to 12 years. Of 213 eyes examined, the hyperopic refractive amblyopia was found in 51 eyes and the hyperopic astigmatism was seen in 74 eyes. Of 213 eyes examined, the myopic refactive amblyopia was found in 74 eyes. Of these 74 eyes, the simple myopia was seen in 15 eyes and the myopic astigmatism was seen in 61 eyes. Astigmatism was associated with myopia more than hyperopia. Astigmatism was found in 149 of 213 eyes. Of these 149 eyes, with thr rule astigmatism was found in 124 eyes. Of 213 eyes examined, anisometropic amblyopia was found in 49 eyes. The degree of anisometropia was distributed mostly from 1 D to 4 D.
Amblyopia* ; Anisometropia ; Astigmatism ; Child ; Humans ; Hyperopia ; Myopia ; Refractive Errors

Abnormal attachment of the gallbladder to the liver is the main cause for gallbladder torsion. However, the present study reports a rare case of gallbladder torsion in which a portion of fundus is rotated along the axis of body. So far, very few similar cases have been reported. An 87-year-old woman complaining right upper quadrant abdominal pain for 4 days was admitted. Her body temperature was 38.5degrees C with moderate dehydration. A large tender mass was palpated on the right abdomen extending to the right iliac fossa. Computed tomography of abdomen showed a large cavity with a diameter of 15 cm containing a big stone and a small normal looking gallbladder. Ultrasonographic scan showed a twisted portion of the gallbladder torsion. During emergency laparotomy, the middle portion of the gallbladder was found to be twisted counterclockwise with huge gangrenous gallbladder distal. The proximal body of the gallbladder was spared and attached firmly to the liver. Cholecystectomy was performed and the patient was discharged 2 weeks later without postoperative complications. Histological findings of specimen were consistent with operative findings. The current study reports on a rare case of gallbladder torsion by reviewing previous studies.
Abdomen ; Abdominal Pain ; Aged, 80 and over ; Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Body Temperature ; Cholecystectomy ; Dehydration ; Emergencies ; Female ; Gallbladder* ; Gallstones ; Humans ; Laparotomy ; Liver ; Postoperative Complications