No abstract available.
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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: To examine the chemopreventive effects of Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761) on oral cavity cancer, we investigated the apoptosis of oral cavity cancer cells by EGb 761 and the apoptotic pathway involved. MATERIALS AND METHOD: SCC 1483 cancer cell line derived from a human retromolar trigone carcinoma was used. Inhibition of proliferation was examined by proliferation assay. Apoptosis was measured and confirmed by flow cytometry, DNA fragmentation assay and Western blotting with PARP antibodies. The involvement of the caspase cascade was investigated by co-treating with the caspase inhibitor, z-VAD-fmk. RESULTS: The inhibition of SCC 1483 cells was noted from 250 microgram/ml of EGb 761. Apoptosis was observed after 24 hours of incubation with 250 microgram/ml EGb 761 and it occurred in a time-dependent manner. Apoptosis was confirmed by DNA fragmentation and PARP cleavage. Co-treatment with z-VAD-fmk inhibited apoptosis and PARP cleavage by EGb 761. CONCLUSIONS: EGb 761 induces the apoptosis of SCC 1483 cells and the caspase cascade is involved in this apoptosis. Therefore, EGb 761 may be used as a chemopreventive agent in oral cavity cancer. Further studies are required on the clinical use of EGb 761.
Antibodies ; Apoptosis* ; Blotting, Western ; Caspases ; Cell Line ; DNA Fragmentation ; Flow Cytometry ; Ginkgo biloba* ; Humans ; Mouth Neoplasms ; Mouth*

Carbamazepine-induced liver injury is less common, but the consequences of the side effects can be very serious leading to death or a need for liver transplantation. We report a case of a 60-year-old female transverse myelitis patient with fulminant hepatic failure and Stevens-Johnson syndrome induced by carbamazepine who successfully underwent deceased donor liver transplantation. The patient, a 60-year-old female, was admitted to our service due to acute liver insufficiency and a drowsy mental state attributable to carbamazepine. She had been treated with carbamazepine to control transverse myelitis. Fifty days after the use of carbamazepine, she developed jaundice, erythematous papules and bullae, and decreased consciousness. The diagnosis of Stevens-Johnson syndrome was considered. She underwent deceased donor liver transplantation. She was discharged with normal graft functions 5 months after transplantation. Thus, liver transplantation can be a feasible therapy for patients with carbamazepine-induced hepatic failure associated with Stevens-Johnson syndrome.
Blister ; Carbamazepine ; Consciousness ; Female ; Hepatic Insufficiency ; Humans ; Jaundice ; Liver ; Liver Failure ; Liver Failure, Acute ; Liver Transplantation ; Middle Aged ; Myelitis, Transverse ; Stevens-Johnson Syndrome ; Tissue Donors ; Transplants

Hypereosinophilic syndrome is characterized by prolonged eosinophilia of blood and tissue without an identifiable underlying cause and multiorgan system dysfunction by eosinophil-related tissue damage to variable organs: liver, heart, lung, kidney, gastrointestinal tract, skin, nerve. Some case of hypereosinophilic syndrome with hepatic and gastrointestinal involvement have been reported, but not much. We are reporting a case of hypereosinophilic syndrome with hepatic and gastrointestinal involvement in 56-year-old man who presented general weakness and epigastric discomfort. In abdominal US, CT and MRI, intrahepatic multifocal ill-defined lesions were detected. The patient was treated with prednisolone for 16 weeks and recovered from eosinophilia and gastric involvement. A gastric biopsy was taken to confirm recovery. Also, the ill-defined lesions in US and CT disappeared after treatment.
Biopsy ; Eosinophilia ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Heart ; Humans ; Hypereosinophilic Syndrome* ; Kidney ; Liver ; Lung ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Middle Aged ; Prednisolone ; Skin

The enzyme complex 3b-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/delta(5)-delta(4)-isomerase (3beta-HSD) is involved in the biosynthesis of all classes of active steroids. The expression of 3beta-HSD in human uterine endometrium during the menstrual cycle and decidua was examined in an effort to understand its role during ova implantation. 3beta-HSD was weakly expressed in the glandular epithelium of the proliferative phase and moderately expressed in the glandular epithelium of secretory phase of the endometrium. In the decidua of the ectopic pregnancy, 3beta-HSD was strongly expressed. The human uterine endometrial 3beta-HSD was identified as being the same type as the placental 3beta-HSD by RT-PCR and sequence analysis. In addition to the expression of 3beta-HSD, P450scc was expressed in the decidua of the ectopic pregnancy. These results suggest that pregnenolone might be synthesized from cholesterol by P450scc de novo and then, it is converted to progesterone by 3beta-HSD in the uterine endometrium. The data implies that the endometrial 3beta-HSD can use not only the out-coming pregnenolone from the adrenal gland but also the self- made pregnenolone to produce progesterone. The de novo synthesis of progesterone in the endometrium might be a crucial factor for implantation and maintenance of pregnancy.
Cholesterol/chemistry ; Cholesterol Side-Chain Cleavage Enzyme/*biosynthesis/genetics ; Decidua/enzymology ; Endometrium/*enzymology ; Female ; Gene Expression/physiology ; Human ; Menstrual Cycle/physiology ; Multienzyme Complexes/*biosynthesis/genetics ; Placenta/enzymology ; Pregnancy ; Pregnenolone/biosynthesis ; Progesterone/biosynthesis ; Progesterone Reductase/*biosynthesis/genetics ; Steroid Isomerases/*biosynthesis/genetics

INTRODUCTION: In patients with mandibular prognathism, Bilateral Sagittal Split Ramus Osteotomy(BSSRO) combined with orthodontic treatment reduces oral volume and influences tongue and other surrounding tissues. Purpose of this study was to analyze post-operative tongue position and airway dimension, as well as mandibular changes in vertical, horizontal, and angular dimensions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Height of dorsum of tongue, width of airway, gonial angle and lower facial height of mandibular prognathic patients who visited Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital from Jan. 2001 to Dec. 2006 were anaylzed via pre-operative and post-operative cephalograms. T-test was used to compare pre-operative and post-operative measurements. Also, correlations among pre-operative measurements of the patients were analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A significant correlation was shown between ANS-Xi-PM area and location of dorsum of tongue in pre-operative patients. A significant superior movement of tongue and decrease of airway width was observed in post-operative patients. Also the upper gonial angle decreased significantly.
Heart ; Humans ; Osteotomy, Sagittal Split Ramus* ; Prognathism ; Tongue*

Anterior open bite is a condition in which maxillary and mandibular incisors do not occlude at central occlusion. It is a vertical discrepancy of the jaws and dental arches that has many etiologic factors making it difficult in diagnosis, treatment and prediction of prognosis. One of the causes of open bite is abnormal size and shape of the tongue. Macroglossia, a condition in which tongue is oversized, is caused by several factors which are not clearly identifiable, and it may be a major factor of anterior and posterior open bite. Macroglossia is subdivided into true, functional and pseudomacroglossia depending on its relative size in the oral cavity. In this case report, a patient was diagnosed as skeletal Class II with pseudomacroglossia, and was treated with SARPE in order to expand the narrowed maxillary arch and quad helix for the mandibular arch. As a result the transverse deficiency was treated. In the adult patients where no skeletal growth is expected, SARPE has shown to be effective in treating maxillomandibular transverse discrepancies in which macroglossia was accompanied as in this case.
Adenine ; Adult ; Carbamates ; Dental Arch ; Deoxycytidine ; Drug Combinations ; Humans ; Incisor ; Jaw ; Macroglossia ; Mouth ; Open Bite ; Organophosphonates ; Palatal Expansion Technique ; Prognosis ; Quinolones ; Thiazoles ; Tongue ; Elvitegravir, Cobicistat, Emtricitabine, Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate Drug Combination

Skeletal anterior open bite is a difficult problem to correct in orthodontic treatment. To treat adult patients who have skeletal anterior open bite, we considered two methods. Combination treatment of orthodontics & surgery and camouflage orthodontic treatment. In adults, treatment of severe skeletal anterior open bite consists mainly of surgically repositioning the maxilla or the mandible. However, camouflage therapy is often the treatment of choice for skeletal open bite patients who have mild to moderate skeletal discrepancies when growth modification is no longer possible. But excellent results generally require careful coordination of the orthodontic and surgical phases of treatment. This is a case report of a skeletal anterior open bite patients who were treated with orthodontic treatment and orthognathic surgery. First case was diagnosed as skeletal class I malocclusion & bimaxillary protrusion with anterior open bite, and finally treatment ended for removal of open bite with orthodontic procedure and bimaxillary anterior segmental osteotomy surgery. Second case was diagnosed as skeletal class II malocclusion with open bite & mandibular retrusion, and was treated with only camouflage orthodontics because she feared to have a surgery. In a regular follow up visit after debonding we proposed to the patient advanced genioplasty, and in her agreement her facial esthetics was improved through the surgery.
Adult ; Esthetics ; Follow-Up Studies ; Genioplasty ; Humans ; Malocclusion ; Mandible ; Maxilla ; Open Bite ; Orthodontics ; Orthognathic Surgery ; Osteotomy ; Retrognathia

The aim of this study was to evaluate the infectious complications after living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) in children. We enrolled 95 children (38 boys and 57 girls) who underwent LDLT from 1994 to 2004. The median age was 22 months (range, 6 months to 15 yr). We retrospectively investigated the proven episodes of bacterial, viral, and fungal infection. There occurred 150 infections in 67 (70%) of 95 patients (1.49 infections/patient); 74 in 43 patients were bacterial, 2 in 2 were fungal, and 74 in 42 were viral. The most common sites of bacterial infection were the bloodstream (33%) and abdomen (25%). Most of the bacterial infections occurred within the first month after LDLT. Bacterial and fungal infections did not result in any deaths. The most common causes of viral infection were Epstein-Barr virus in 37 patients and cytomegalovirus in 18. Seven of the 14 deaths after LDLT were associated with viral infection. Our study suggests that infection is one of the important causes of morbidity and mortality after LDLT. Especially careful monitoring and management of viral infections is crucial for improving the outcome of LDLT in children.
Adult ; Child ; Communicable Diseases/*etiology/microbiology/mortality/virology ; Female ; Humans ; Immunosuppressive Agents/therapeutic use ; Infection/*etiology/microbiology/mortality/virology ; Liver Transplantation/*adverse effects/mortality ; *Living Donors ; Male ; *Postoperative Complications/microbiology/mortality/virology ; Retrospective Studies

BACKGROUND: Osteoprotegerin(OPG) is a recently identified cytokine, which acts as a decoy receptor for the receptor activator of NF-B ligand(RANKL). OPG has been shown to be an important inhibitor of osteoclastogenesis and arterial calcification in animal models. Recently, OPG has been proposed as a link molecule between osteoporosis and arterial calcification. However, the relationship between circulating OPG levels and cardiovascular disease in human populations is unclear. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between circulating OPG levels and cardiovascular risk factors in women. METHODS: The subjects were 286 women, with a mean age of 51.5 yr. The blood pressure, body mass index(BMI) and waist to hip ratio(WHR) were examined and the serum concentrations of OPG determined by ELISA. The fasting glucose levels, serum lipid profiles and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) were measured by standard methods. RESULTS: A significant association was observed between the serum OPG levels, age and WHR(r=0.134, P<0.05). Also, the serum OPG levels were significantly correlated with the serum total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels(r=0.175, P<0.01; r=0.176, P<0.01). Conversely, there was a nonsignificant relationship between the serum OPG levels, blood pressure and fasting glucose levels. The mean serum OPG levels were found to be about 11% greater in post-than premenopausal women(mean+/-SD, 1358.5+/-380.0 vs. 1228.8+/-407.7pg/mL, respectively(P<0.001). There was a significant association between the serum OPG and serum FSH levels(r=0.176, P<0.01). CONCLUSION: In conclusion, our data show that the levels of circulating OPG are partially associated with the cardiovascular risk factors and female hormonal status in healthy women. These data suggest that OPG may be an important paracrine factor of cardiovascular disease in human female populations.
Blood Pressure ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Cholesterol ; Cholesterol, LDL ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Fasting ; Female ; Follicle Stimulating Hormone ; Glucose ; Hip ; Humans ; Models, Animal ; Osteoporosis ; Osteoprotegerin* ; Risk Factors*