No abstract available.
Hernia, Inguinal* ; Humans ; Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory* ; Radionuclide Imaging*

PURPOSE: There diagnostic modalities have been commonly used to detect prostate cancer to date: digital rectal examination (DRE), serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) and transrectal ultrasonography(TRUS). We evaluated the diagnostic values of these three modalities in the early detection of prostate cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analysed 215 patients with low urinary tract symptoms who had pathologic diagnosis for prostatic cancer was possible by biopsy or transurethral resection. Transectal ultrasonography guided sextant biopsies were performed if the PSA level was greater than 4.0 ng/ml or DRE was suspicious, even if TRUS revealed no ateas suspicious for cancer. TURP were performed without TRUS or biopsies if the PSA level was lesser than 4.0 ng/ml and DRE was negative. RESULTS: Of the 215 patients, 36 (16.7%) revealed prostate cancer. Positive predictive value, sensitivity and specificity was 37.0%. 83.3%. 71.5% for DRE, 30.0%, 91.7%, 58.3% for PSA and 27.6% 58.3%. 43.3% for TRUS respectively. Positive findings on serum PSA or DRE or both tests detected significantly more tumors(97.2%, 35of 36 cancers) than only PSA (91.7%, 33 for 36 cancers), DRE (83.3%, 30 of 36 cancers) and TRUS (60.0%, 21 of 35 cancers) alone. CONCLUSIONS: These result shows that DRE is more valuable and cost effective method for detection of prostate cancer than serum PSA and the use of DRE in conjunction with serum PSA enhances prostate cancer detection.
Biopsy ; Diagnosis ; Digital Rectal Examination* ; Humans ; Prostate* ; Prostate-Specific Antigen ; Prostatic Neoplasms* ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Transurethral Resection of Prostate ; Ultrasonography* ; Urinary Tract

Gossypiboma is the term used to describe a mass within the body composed of a non-absorbable surgical material involving a cotton matrix. Surgical sponges with radiopaque markers are easily recognized on plain radiographs, but foreign bodies retained in the body without such markers present a diagnostic problem. Gossypiboma should be differentiated from a hematoma, abscess, cyst or tumor. Here we report a case of Gossypiboma in a 60-year-old male patient who had undergone a ureterolithotomy for a right ureteral stone 30 years earlier.
Abscess ; Foreign Bodies ; Hematoma ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Surgical Sponges ; Ureter

We performed one-stage microsurgical phalloplasty on a 17-year-old male-pseudohermaphroditism patient after bilateral orchiopexy and urethroplasty, using the free radial forearm osteocutaneous sensory flap. The main advantages of this technique are not only the one-stage reconstruction and the satisfactory cosmetic and functional solution, but also the possibility of obtaining normal erogenous and tactile sensibility. One week after the operation, the urethrocutaneous fistula was developed between the native proximal urethra and the constructed neourethra, but seven weeks after the development, it spontaneously healed well. The results of our S-month follow-up are satisfactory in the following respects : 1) satisfactory cosmetic appearance 2) voluntary control of transurethral urination while standing 3) tactile and thermal sensibility. Further follow-up study is necessary for the confirmation of erogenous sensibility, successful sexual life and late complication.
Adolescent ; Fistula ; Follow-Up Studies ; Forearm* ; Humans ; Orchiopexy ; Urethra ; Urination

Scapulothoracic bursitis causes snapping scapular syndrome, which is characterized by shoulder pain accompanying bony crepitation during shoulder motion, or as an isolated entity causing shoulder discomfort. The pathogenesis of scapulothoracic bursa formation is thought to be related to chronic repetitive mechanical stress on the periscapular tissue, usually from the result of a bone abnormality (a protrusion of the scapula or rib cage). Scapulothracic bursitis is treated with conservative management and the result can be successful. Accurate diagnosis is important because surgery is not necessary except for cases with pain, excessive friction, or dysfunction. We report a patient with rapidly developed bilateral scapulothoracic bursitis without pain and snapping, which can be confused with a soft tissue sarcoma. In this case, conservative management was used to treat the patient.
Bursitis ; Friction ; Humans ; Ribs ; Sarcoma ; Scapula ; Shoulder ; Shoulder Pain ; Stress, Mechanical

PURPOSE: Following legal reform in 2013, the annual number of asylum seekers entering South Korea has increased from 1,143 in 2012 to 5,711 in 2015. We interviewed six African refugee mothers of young children regarding their health needs and barriers to access maternal child health services. METHODS: We recruited mothers who had visited a clinic for immigrants between July 2013 and August 2015. Participants were African refugee women, aged over 18 years, who had given birth in Korea within the previous 5 years and had come to Korea over a year before recruitment. Interview questions examined participants' experiences in pregnancy and childbirth and concerns regarding their child's health status. Initial data analysis involved all researchers' immersion in the entire collection of transcripts. We then noted recurrent topics and themes and identified similar issues. RESULTS: At the time of giving birth, 5 participants were asylum seekers and one had undocumented status. The following barriers impeded their access to maternal child healthcare: socioeconomic factors (unstable social identity, low economic status, difficulty obtaining health insurance), language barriers (lack of linguistically appropriate health information, limited access to translation services), and cultural barriers (religious and cultural differences). Weak social support also hindered access to healthcare soon after migration; however, social links with the community emerged as a key coping strategy following settlement. CONCLUSION: We identified barriers to maternal and child healthcare and coping strategies among African refugee mothers in Korea. Future research should assess refugees' health status and improve health access and literacy among refugee mothers.
Child ; Communication Barriers ; Delivery of Health Care* ; Emigrants and Immigrants ; Female ; Health Services Accessibility ; Humans ; Immersion ; Infant ; Korea* ; Literacy ; Maternal-Child Health Services ; Mothers* ; Parturition ; Pregnancy ; Refugees* ; Social Identification ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Statistics as Topic

OBJECTIVE: Data mining extracts meaningful information from large datasets. In this study, text mining techniques were used to extract keywords from the Journal of the Korean Society of Emergency Medicine, and the change trend was examined. METHODS: The rvest package in R was used to extract all papers published in the Journal of the Korean Society of Emergency Medicine from 2006 to 2016 that could be searched online. Among them, 3,952 keywords were extracted and studied. Using the selected keywords, the corpus was formed by refining keywords that did not correspond to MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) or were misspelled and had similar meanings based on agreement of researchers. Using the refined keywords, the frequencies of the keywords in the first and second halves of the studies were calculated and visualized. RESULTS: Word Cloud revealed that emergency medical service and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) were most frequently mentioned in both the first and second halves of the studies. In the first half, ultrasonography, stroke, poisoning, injury, and education were frequently mentioned, while in the second half, poisoning, injury, stroke, acute, and tomography were frequently mentioned. A pyramid graph revealed that the frequencies of emergency medical service and CPR were commonly high. CONCLUSION: Core keywords of the Journal of the Korean Society of Emergency Medicine were analyzed for correlations and trends. Changes in study topics according to key topics of interest and period were visually identified.
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ; Data Mining ; Dataset ; Education ; Emergencies ; Emergency Medical Services ; Emergency Medicine ; Poisoning ; Stroke ; Ultrasonography

PURPOSE: We examined the clinical significance of MUC2 and MUC5AC gene expression in gastric adeno-carcinoma tissues. METHODS: Two hundred specimens were obtained from gastric carcinoma patients who underwent gastric cancer operations at Samsung Medical Center between January 2001 and January 2005. MUC2 and MUC5AC expression were examined immunohistochemically, and correlated with clinicopathologic features and prognostic significance. RESULTS: MUC2 expression was positive in 88 tissues (44.0%) and MUC5AC expression was positive in 125 tissues (62.5%). MUC2 expression was associated with cancer advancement, lymph node metastasis, T classification, distant metastasis, and endolymphatic invasion. Loss of MUC5AC expression was significantly related to cancer advancement, lymph node metastasis, advanced T stage, and distant metastasis. MUC2 expression was usually negative in early gastric cancer (78%), but usually positive in advanced gastric cancer (66%). MUC5AC was usually positive in early gastric cancer (74%). The prognosis of the MUC2(-) group was significantly better than the MUC2(+) group (P<0.001). There was no relationship with MUC5AC expression and survival. Multivariate analysis showed that T classification, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, endolymphatic invasion, and MUC2 expression were independent prognostic factors, but MUC5AC expression was not. CONCLUSION: MUC2 and MUC5AC expression correlated with several clinicopathologic parameters (cancer advancement, lymph node metastasis, advanced T classification, distant metastasis). MUC2 expression was a significant independent prognostic factor and positive MUC2 expression suggested poor prognosis. MUC2 expression may have prognostic significance in gastric adeno-carcinomas.
Adenocarcinoma ; Gene Expression ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Multivariate Analysis ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Prognosis ; Stomach Neoplasms

Angiomyolipoma is a rare benign tumor and approximately 20 to 50% of patients with the diagnosis of angiomyolipoma have some or all of the other stigma of tuberous sclerosis. Patients with tuberous sclerosis tend to be younger, more likely to have multifocal and bilateral disease. Angiomyolipoma which is not associated with tuberous sclerosis mostly affects middle aged women. According to literature data, angiomyolipoma is very rare in child and almost exclusively associated with tuberous sclerosis. We report a case of 14 year-old girl who has a renal angiomyolipoma without clinical evidence of tuberous sclerosis.
Adolescent ; Angiomyolipoma* ; Child* ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Tuberous Sclerosis*

PURPOSE: This study was conducted in order to evaluate the possibility of improving the comprehension and satisfaction of patients discharged after receiving discharge instructions using a tablet personal computer (tablet PC), compared with conventional discharge instructions. METHODS: A randomized, prospective, consecutive, exploratory study was conducted on patients with ureteral stones in an emergency department (ED). The patients' objective comprehension, satisfaction, and subjective comprehension regarding their discharge instructions were compared with regard to discharge instruction (traditional verbal method, N=53 versus tablet PC method, N=53). RESULTS: No statistically significant differences in age, gender, or level of education were observed between the two groups. The mean number of correct answers regarding ureteral stones on the questionnaire was 2.35+/-1.02 in the conventional group (CG) and 3.37+/-0.9 in the tablet PC group (TG) (p<0.05). The score for satisfaction was 7.75 in the CG and 8.03 in the TG (p>0.05). The subjective comprehension score was 7.42 in the CG and 7.8 in the TG (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: Objective comprehension of ureteral stones showed improvement in the group with discharge instructions provided by the tablet PC. However, satisfaction and subjective comprehension did not show improvement.
Comprehension ; Computer-Assisted Instruction ; Computers, Handheld ; Emergencies ; Humans ; Microcomputers ; Patient Discharge ; Prospective Studies ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Ureter ; Urolithiasis