PURPOSE: To explore possible changes in awake cystometry and expression of beta-adrenoceptors (ARs) as a cause for bladder dysfunction in a male rat model of partial bladder outlet obstruction (pBOO). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Awake cystometry was performed in rats with pBOO (16) and sham-operated rats (16), 8 weeks after the operation. The expression of mRNA and protein of beta-ARs was assessed by real-time PCR and western blot. RESULTS: The bladders with pBOO (1030mg) were increased compared to those in control rats (230mg). In the cystometric studies, the maximum intravesical pressure significantly increased in the pBOO group compared to control group rats (p=0.001). The time to reach maximal intravesical pressure during micturition in the pBOO group was significantly longer than the sham group (p=0.003). The frequency of non-void contraction in the pBOO group was significantly more than the sham group (p=0.006). The mRNA expressions of beta2- and 3-ARs were increased insignificantly in pBOO group compared to sham group. The data of pBOO group expressed as folds of corresponding expression in sham group were 1.28 and 1.46 respectively in beta2- and 3-ARs. Compared to the sham groups, the density of 60Kda protein band recognized by beta2-AR antibodies and the density of 45Kda protein band recognized by beta3-AR antibodies were higher in the bladder from pBOO group rats. CONCLUSION: PBOO of male rats increase the maximal intravesical pressure and contraction time during micturition and the frequency of non-void contraction as well as weight of bladder. The expression of beta2- and 3-ARs subtypes was increased insignificantly compared to sham operated group. This study demonstrates that the changes of cystometric or non-void contraction parameters in pBOO is one of the pathophysiologic processes potentially associated with the alterations of bladder beta-ARs.
Animals ; Antibodies ; Blotting, Western ; Contracts ; Humans ; Male ; Rats ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; RNA, Messenger ; Salicylamides ; Urinary Bladder ; Urinary Bladder Neck Obstruction ; Urination

A traditional tie-over dressing may be applied to support the take of a skin graft. Although there are many advantage of this method, it has significant disadvantages, including time-consuming application. Furthermore, when the dressing is changed, the gauze becomes hard and can be stuck to the graft, causing damage and pain upon removal. The purpose of our study is to evaluate the effect of semi-occlusive dressing using polyurethane foam and film dressing(Allevyn(R), Opsite(R)) after full thickness skin graft. The authors treated 45 cases including burn scar contracture(n=38), syndactyly (n=1), absence of nipple-areolar complex(n=4), traumatic skin defect(n=1) and contact burn(n=1) with authors' method and 39 patients including burn scar contracture (n=39) with the tie-over dressing between 2000 and 2004. The patients in polyurethane foam and film dressing group ranged from 1 to 62 years of age (mean age, 15.1 years) and the patients in tie-over dressing group ranged from 2 to 60 years of age(mean age, 21.3 years). The postoperative results were analyzed according to the following measures: (1) the duration of graft-taking, (2) the admission period, (3) complications. Compared with the traditional tie-over dressing, polyurethane foam and film dressing was shown to be more successful in a reduced duration of graft-taking, in which was similar to the former in the rate of graft-taking, a reduced admission period and patient's discomfort. We concluded that semi-occlusive dressing using Allevyn(R) and Opsite(R) was an effective method after full thickness skin graft, which was easy to shape to difficult body locations, such as web spaces, fingers and maintains a moist environment for wound healing and does not stick to the wound.
Bandages* ; Burns ; Cicatrix ; Contracture ; Fingers ; Humans ; Occlusive Dressings ; Polyurethanes* ; Skin Transplantation ; Skin* ; Syndactyly ; Transplants* ; Wound Healing ; Wounds and Injuries

No abstract available.
Trigger Finger Disorder*

No abstract available.
Ligaments*

The purpose of this research is to find out the degree of cartilage regeneration by inserting the atelo- collagen scaffold obtained from dermis of a calf on cartilage defect site. Dissection underneath the perichondrium by the periosteal elevator on both side of ears of six New Zealand white rabbits were made to expose the cartilage, leaving pairs of circular holes 3, 6, 9 mm width with punches. One hole was left for a control, and on the other hole atelo-collagen scaffold of the same size was transplanted. In postoperative 1, 2, 4 weeks, the tissues were dyed. The length of long axis of neocartilage was measured through an optical microscope with a 0.1mm graduation at original magnification, x40. In the first and second week, both group showed no sign of cartilage regeneration. In the fourth week, regeneration on marginal portions was observed on all groups and the average values of length of long axis of neocartilage according to defect size were as follows: In the cases with 3mm defect, it was 0.85+/-0.30mm in the control group, and 1.85+/-0.38mm in the graft group; in the cases with 6 mm defect, 1.33+/-0.58mm in the control group, and 2.25+/-0.46mm in the graft group; and in the cases with 9mm defect, 2.33+/-0.77mm in the control group, and 4.47+/-1.39mm in the graft group. This means that the collagen scaffold has an influence on the regeneration of neocartilage. But the relative ratio of the length of neocartilage to cartilage defect size was not significant in the statistics.
Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Cartilage* ; Collagen ; Collagen Type I* ; Dermis ; Ear ; Elevators and Escalators ; Rabbits ; Regeneration ; Transplants

OBJECTIVES: Many studies showed that risperidone and olanzapine in the treatment of delirium were similar to haloperidol, in side effects were superior to that. Quetiapine is frequently used in delirious patients. However, the studies of quetiapine in the treatment of delirium are very few. This study was designed to compare the efficacy of risperidone and quetiapine in elderly patients with delirium. METHODS: We divided 2 groups (risperidone and quetiapine) of elderly patients with delirium. We compared the two groups of elderly patients with delirium by Korean Version of Delirium Rating Scale (K-DRS) and Korean Mini-Mental State Examination (K-MMSE) at baseline and 1 week later. RESULTS: Our results showed that risperidone and quetiapine were efficacious in the treatment of elderly patients with delirium according to using K-DRS and K-MMSE. There were no significant differences in the degree of effects in both drugs. CONCLUSION: We compared the efficacy of risperidone and quetiapine in the treatment of delirium. Quetiapine was as efficacious as risperidone in the treatment of the elderly patients with delirium. In future, the sample size need to be increased in the studies of delirium. And the evaluation of long-term side effects related to quetiapine need to be performed.
Aged* ; Delirium* ; Haloperidol ; Humans ; Risperidone* ; Sample Size ; Quetiapine Fumarate

PURPOSE: In the correction of cleft lip, there have been various methods to minimize recurrence of the nasal deformity after primary nasal surgery. After cheiloplasty and primary nasal surgery, we tried to elongate the columella of the cleft side, to stretch the vestibular lining of cleft side, and to elevate the alar cartilage of the cleft side with a molding prong. METHODS: We had fifteen cleft lip patients; 12 unilateral cases(6.3-8.2 months), and 3 bilateral cases(3 -7.5 months). Immediately after primary repair of the cleft lip, the toboggan shaped molding prong was located to deep inside of vestibular web of the cleft side. It was persistently suspended by a silicone tube which was connected to the prong and the frontal scalp. The results were analyzed with Photoshop(R) photogrammetrically for 6-48 months with on average of 20.6 months. We measured the proportion index of columellar length-interalar distance for three times(preoperation, immediate postoperation, and postoperation) on the nasal base views. RESULTS: In unilateral, the index had a significant increase statistically between preoperation(10.73) and immediate postoperation(23.96). It is supposed that columellar length was reconstructed to 105.80% of normal side. But, it was decreased to maintain 87.7% of normal side in postoperation(20.54). The results were similar in bilateral. The linear scars by suture penetrating nose skin were not discernable. CONCLUSION: In summary, placement of the molding prong could elongate the reconstructed columella with some relapse postoperatively.
Cartilage ; Cicatrix ; Cleft Lip* ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Fungi* ; Humans ; Nasal Surgical Procedures ; Nose ; Recurrence ; Scalp ; Silicones ; Skin ; Sutures

A total of 212 cases of gastric carcinoma resected at Kang-Dong Sacred Heart Hospital during the period of 4 years from December 1986 to December 1990 were examined according to Borrmann, Mulligan-Rember, Ming and WHO methods based on histopathological investigations. In Mulligan-Rember (M-R) classification, intestinal cell type (IC) was frequently seen in Borrmann type I and II; pyloro-cardiac gland cell type (PC) in II and III, and mucous cell type (MC) in IV and III. Expanding growth pattern was more frequent in IC, infiltrative growth pattern in MC, and PC showed less infiltrative growth than MC. In gross type, the most expanding growth pattern was seen in Advanced gastric carcinoma type (AGC) I and the next one was in AGC II; the ratio of infiltrative versus expanding type was highest in AGC IV and next in AGC resembling early gastric carcinoma (EGC) and AGC III in order. On WHO classification except squamous type, all the papillary type showed expanding growth and infiltrative growth was frequently seen in signet-ring cell, undifferentiated, tubular and mucinous types in order. Lymphoid stroma was more frequently found in expanding type than infiltrative type. The frequency of angioinvasion of tumor cells observed was high in AGC resembling EGC, AGC II, III, IV, I and EGC in order. In WHO classification excluding squamous type, undifferentiated and signet-ring cell types occurred more frequently under the age of 60 and papillary type were more frequnetly seen over the age of 60. But tubular type had no difference between the two age groups. In Ming's classification, expanding type was more frequently seen than infiltrative type over the age of 60.

The management of orbital dystopia has ranged from camouflage procedure for minor deformity to vertical translocation of the displaced orbit for severe deformity. The purpose of this study is to provide a guideline for the selection of an appropriate surgical treatment according to the degree of the dystopia. Since 1989, 18 patients with orbital dystopia have been treated for all cosmetic reasons. There were 13 females and 5 males aged from 8 to 46 years (mean 18.8 years). Underlying pathology in our cases included traumatic (orbital floor and wall fractures and irradiation)(44%); congenital (cleidocranial dysostosis, dermoid cyst, facial clefts and idiopathic causes)(40%); and fibrous dysplasia(16%). In the coronal plane, thr orbital displacement ranged from 2 to 7 mm(mean 3.9 mm). Patients were grouped into severe(n=8), moderate(n=6), and mild(n=4) degree of dystopia. Orbital repositioning, such as vertical repositioning of the functional orbit, bone shaving, autogenous bone graft and alloplastic material implantation were performed in severe cases(>4 mm). Various eye leveling technique, such as autogenous bone onlay graft, alloplastic material implantation, medial and superior rotation of zygoma, and medial and lateral canthoplasties were performed in moderate (3 mm) and mild (< 2 mm) cases. The postoperative surgical result was assessed by ordinary scale method cephalometric analysis. There was no visual loss, infection, epilepsy, or asethetic complication. The preoperative findings of orbital dystopia were corrected or significantly improved following surgery in all patients after an average follow-up period of 59.2 months. The result of this study indicate that our method of surgical correction of vertical orbital dystopia according to the degree of the dystopia is resonably safe, rewarding and worthwhile to the patients.
Congenital Abnormalities ; Dermoid Cyst ; Dysostoses ; Epilepsy ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Inlays ; Male ; Orbit* ; Pathology ; Reward ; Transplants ; Zygoma

Nucleolar organizer regions(NORs) are argyrophilic and have a loops of DNA that tran scribes to ribosomal RNA by RNA Polymerase I and are involved in formation of nucleolus. They are used in measuring proliferative activity of cells. Mean AgNORs count is increased or large and NORs are irregular in shape in malignant tumors. To examine the relationship of AgNORs to the survival rate of the patients with invasive colorectal adenocarcinoma, we counted mean AgNORs in 200 tumor cells and mean AgNORs#(mean AgNORs in counting AgNORs of the upper 40 nuclei after sorting AgNORs counts of 200 cell nuclei in descending order) after AgNOR staining using 45 cases of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue surgically excised at Kang-Dong Sacred heart hospital. The survival rates were not related to age, sex, locations, differentiation, mAgNORs and mAgNORs# except Dukes'stages. There were only statistical significances in AgNORs# between high and low age group(p=0.0001), and between colon and rectum(p=0.005). But it is known that there could be different results according to staining time, fixation and preservation of tissues, counting methods in measuring AgNORs. There might be clinical usefulness of AgNOR if more cases are examined together with better tissue processing and staining methods.
Adenocarcinoma ; Cell Nucleus ; Colon ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; DNA ; Heart ; Humans ; Nucleolus Organizer Region ; RNA Polymerase I ; RNA, Ribosomal ; Survival Rate*