It is improtant that performing prophylaxis procedure on an infected implant surface in order to treat periimplantitis should not change the surface roughness and composition, so that the surface can be recovered to almost same condition as initial implant surface. This thesis, therefore, studied an effect of various oral hygiene instrument on implant surface. A surface roughness measurement instrument and an injection electron microscope were used to observe a change on surface. The purpose of this study was to obtain a clinical guideline during implant care and peri-implantitis treatment. The result were as follows 1. Ra values (surface roughness value) at experimental group 1, group 2, and group 5 were increased significantly as compared with comparison group (p<0.05). 2. When compared experimental group 1 with each exprimental groups at which prohylaxis procedure was performed, mean values of Ra at experimental group 2, group 3, group 6, and group 7 were decreased significantly(p<0.05). 3. Mean value of Ra was lowest at experimental group 2, and highest at experimental group 2, and highest at experimental group 5. 4. Analysis of SEM showed that was significant surface change at experimental group 2, group 3, group 4, group 5, and group 6 as compared with comparison group(X1000). 5. Analysis fo EDX showed that a quantity of Ti on surface for experimental group 6 was very similar to that for comparison group. In conclusion, air-powder abrasive and citric acid, plastic instrument are safe methods to use for performing prophylaxis procedure on implant care or for cleaning and sterilization process on treatment of peri-implantitis, based on the result that those method did not affect implant surface roughness and Ti composition.
Citric Acid ; Oral Hygiene* ; Peri-Implantitis ; Plastics ; Sterilization

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effectiveness of amniotic membrane transplantation (AMT) on the repair of peripheral corneal perforation occurring during cataract surgery of a case of Terrien's marginal degeneration. METHODS: A 77-year-old male patient was referred to our hospital from a private clinic because of corneal perforation during cataract surgery of the right eye. Emergency AMT was performed. RESULTS: The eyeball regained its integrity with stabilized corneal surface, reformed anterior chamber and clearance of the inflammation. CONCLUSIONS: AMT may be an effective alternative for treating corneal perforation or impending perforation.
Aged ; Amnion* ; Anterior Chamber ; Cataract ; Corneal Perforation ; Emergencies ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Male ; Rupture*

PURPOSE: To investigate the clinical characteristics of superior oblique palsy in patients with horizontal strabismus. METHODS: Nineteen superior oblique palsy patients with vertical deviation or inferior oblique overaction who complained horizontal deviation were evaluated. Visual acuity, ocular movement test, prism cover test, Bielschowsky head tilt test, fundus photograph and examining photographs for head tilt and facial asymmetry were performed. Horizontal strabismus surgery and inferior oblique myectomy was done simultaneously , and the postoperative results was compared with preoperative condition. RESULTS: There were 15 exotropic patients (22.20PD+/-6.01SD) and 4 esotropic patients (22.00PD+/-12.08SD). Vertical deviation was found to be 6.74PD+/-3.35SD. Inferior oblique overaction (+0.5~2) was observed in 18 patients. Twelve patients had excyclotorsion. Of 18 patients with head tilting and 12 patients with facial asymmetry, seven patients (38.9%) in head tiltilng and six patients (50%) in facial asymmetry did not notice the abnormality. Horizontal strabismus surgery with inferior oblique myectomy showed good results in all cases. CONCLUSIONS: We should consider the possibility of superior oblique palsy when the patients showed small amount of vertical deviation, head tilt, facial asymmetry or monocular inferior oblique overaction combined with horizontal strabismus, and do the surgery simultaneously for horizontal strabismus and superior oblique palsy.
Facial Asymmetry ; Head ; Humans ; Paralysis* ; Strabismus* ; Visual Acuity

PURPOSE: To compare the effect of combined recession and resection on ocular position. METHODS: We designed a study with three groups of white rabbits. A recession was performed by differing the amount, 9 mm, 12 mm and 15 mm, according to the group, after 12 mm resection on superior rectus muscle. Before and 1 week after the operation, distance from lower margin to upper corneal limbus was measured using photographs. RESULTS: In 12 mm recession group, the distance before and after the operation was 9.44 mm and 9.19 mm respectively, showing no statistically significant change (P=0.2344). In 15 mm recession group, the ocular position showed significant depression, from 9.13 to 7.87 mm (P=0.0017), whereas in 9 mm recession group ocular position showed significant elevation from 9.11 to 10.85 mm (P=0.0078). CONCLUSIONS: The result of this study showed that when combined resection and recession on the same extraocular muscle were made in the same amount, eye alignment at primary ocular position was kept. Furthermore this procedure enables adjustable surgery to be considerable in incomitant strabismus.
Depression ; Limbus Corneae ; Rabbits ; Strabismus

Objectives: In cases of nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding (NVUGIB), endoscopic intervention within the first 24 hours is widely recommended. However, data on the efficacy of urgent endoscopy are limited. Here, we used the Glasgow–Blatchford score to assess bleeding outcomes based on time-to-endoscopy. Methods: Prospectively collected multicenter data, which included 1554 patients with NVUGIB, were retrospectively reviewed between February 2011 and December 2013. Based on time-to-endoscopy, patients were grouped into the early (<24 hours) versus the delayed (≥24 hours) group and the urgent (<6 hours) versus the nonurgent (≥6 hours) group. The rates of re-bleeding, mortality, secondary intervention, transfusion, and morbidity aggravation were analyzed. Results: The mean time-to-endoscopy and median Glasgow–Blatchford score were 33.0±75.5 hours and 12 (range: 1–23), respectively. Univariate analyses revealed that in the delayed endoscopy group, the transfusion and re-bleeding rates were higher (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.257, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.026–1.540) and lower (HR: 0.610, 95% CI: 0.413–0.901), respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that delayed endoscopy was a significant factor for lower re-bleeding rate (HR: 0.576, 95% CI: 0.387– 0.859), which was prominent in the low-risk group (HR: 0.417, 95% CI: 0.225–0.774). Multivariate analysis showed that when compared with the low-risk group, in-hospital comorbidity aggravation was more common in high-risk patients who underwent non-urgent endoscopy (HR: 2.957, 95% CI: 1.045–6.454). Conclusions In low-risk patients, delayed endoscopy is sufficient for NVUGIB management. In high-risk patients, urgent endoscopy reduced comorbidity aggravation during hospital care.

Purpose: This study aims to explore the relationship between soy food consumption and gastric cancer (GC) risk, accounting for Helicobacter pylori infection status. Materials and Methods: We analyzed data from patients with GC and healthy individuals prospectively enrolled by 6 hospitals between 2016 and 2018. Dietary intake was evaluated using questionnaires that categorized seven dietary habits and 19 food groups. Multivariate logistic regression models were applied to examine associations. Model I adjusted for various epidemiological factors, while Model II included further adjustments for H. pylori infection.Primary exposures examined were consumption frequencies of nonfermented, unsalted soy foods (soybean/tofu) and fermented, salty soy foods (soybean paste stew). Results: A total of 5,535 participants were included, with 1,629 diagnosed with GC. In Model I, the frequency of soybean/tofu consumption was inversely related to GC risk; adjusted odd ratios (aORs) were 0.62 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.48–0.8), 0.38 (95% CI, 0.3–0.49), 0.42 (95% CI, 0.33–0.53), and 0.33 (95% CI, 0.27–0.42) for 1 time/week, 2 times/week, 3 times/week, and ≥4 times/week. Consumption of 2 servings/week of soybean paste stew showed the lowest GC association, forming a V-shaped curve. Both low (aOR, 4.03; 95% CI, 3.09–5.26) and high serving frequencies of soybean paste stew (aOR, 2.23; 95% CI, 1.76–2.82) were associated with GC. The association between soy foods and GC in Model II was similar to that in Model I. The soy food-GC associations were consistent across sexes in Model I.Nonetheless, the positive correlation between frequent consumption of soybean paste stew (≥5 times/week) and GC was more pronounced in women (aOR, 7.58; 95% CI, 3.20–17.99) compared to men (aOR, 3.03; 95% CI, 1.61–5.88) in Model II. Subgroup analyses by H. pylori status and salty diet revealed a consistent inverse relationship between soybean/tofu and GC risk. In contrast, soybean paste stew showed a V-shaped relationship in H. pylori-positive or salty diet groups and no significant association in the H. pylori-negative group. Conclusions Soybean/tofu intake is consistently associated with a decreased risk of GC.However, the relationship between soybean paste stew consumption and GC risk varies, depending on H. pylori infection status and dietary salt intake.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: We aim to evaluate the efficacy and safety of combination therapy in erosive reflux disease (ERD) patients by comparing endoscopic healing rates according to the Los Angeles classification for esomeprazole alone, and esomeprazole plus mosapride. METHODS: A total of 116 ERD patients were randomized to receive esomeprazole 40 mg once daily plus mosapride 5 mg 3 times daily (E+M group), or esomeprazole plus placebo (E only group) for 8 weeks. Patients recorded gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) symptom questionnaire at weeks 4 and 8. The primary endpoint was the endoscopic healing rate of ERD after 8 weeks of treatment. RESULTS: Endoscopic healing rates according to the Los Angeles classification was 32 (66.7%) in the E+M group and 26 (60.5%) in the E only group, but there was no statistically significant difference between the groups. Only at 4 weeks, the total GERD symptom score changes relative to the baseline significantly improved in the E+M group than that of the E only group (−13.4 ± 14.7 vs −8.0 ± 12.3, P = 0.041), and upper abdominal pain and belching score changes showed significantly improved in the E+M group than that of the E only group (P = 0.018 and P = 0.013, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The combination of a proton pump inhibitor with mosapride shows a tendency for upper abdominal pain, belching, and total GERD symptoms scores to improve more rapidly. This suggests that combination therapy with esomeprazole and mosapride will be useful for rapid improvement of specific GERD symptoms, such as upper abdominal pain and belching in ERD patients.
Abdominal Pain ; Classification ; Eructation ; Esomeprazole* ; Gastroesophageal Reflux* ; Gastrointestinal Motility ; Humans ; Proton Pump Inhibitors ; Proton Pumps

OBJECTIVE: Personal and social performance scale (PSP) has been reported as useful tool for the assessment of functioning in the psychiatric population. The authors wanted to assess the reliability and validity of the Korean version of the PSP (K-PSP). METHODS: One hundred ten patients, including out-patients and in-patients, diagnosed as schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder according to the DSM-IV criteria were participated in the study. Subjects were assessed with K-PSP, Positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS), Global assessment functioning scale (GAF),and Clinical global impression-severity (CGI-S) to evaluate cross-validation. Statistical analysis was done by the calculation of Cronbach's alpha, Pearson correlation coefficient. RESUTLS: The Cronbach's alpha coefficient of K-PSP was 0.79. The correlations of each domain of K-PSP with the total score of K-PSP were statistically significant (r= -0.46~-0.84, p<0.001). The inter-rater reliabilities of the total score of K-PSP was 0.79 (p<0.001) and individual score (r=0.775~0.783, p<0.001) relatively high. The total score of K-PSP showed a meaningful correlations with those of PANSS (r=-0.60, p<0.001), GAF (r=-0.71, p<0.001) and CGI-S (r=0.60, p<0.001). CONCLUSION: The K-PSP is the useful tool for assessment of functioning in the psychiatric population. So K-PSP can be widely used in the clinical practice and psychiatric studies.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Flumazenil was administered after the completion of endoscopy under sedation to reduce recovery time and increase patient safety. We evaluated patient satisfaction after endoscopy under sedation according to the timing of a postprocedural flumazenil injection. METHODS: In total, 200 subjects undergoing concurrent colonoscopy and upper endoscopy while sedated with midazolam and meperidine were enrolled in our investigation. We randomly administered 0.3 mg of flumazenil either immediately or 15 minutes after the endoscopic procedure. A postprocedural questionnaire and next day telephone interview were conducted to assess patient satisfaction. RESULTS: Flumazenil injection timing did not affect the time spent in the recovery room when comparing the two groups of patients. However, the subjects in the 15 minutes injection group were more satisfied with undergoing endoscopy under sedation than the patients in the immediate injection group according to the postprocedural survey (p=0.019). However, no difference in overall satisfaction, memory, or willingness to undergo a future endoscopy was observed between the two groups when the telephone survey was conducted on the following day. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that a delayed flumazenil injection after endoscopic sedation increased patient satisfaction without prolonging recovery time, even though the benefit of the delayed flumazenil injection did not persist into the following day.
Adult ; Anesthesia Recovery Period ; Endoscopy/adverse effects ; Female ; Flumazenil/*administration & dosage ; GABA Modulators/*administration & dosage ; Humans ; Male ; Memory/drug effects ; Middle Aged ; Pain/epidemiology ; *Patient Satisfaction ; Prospective Studies ; Time Factors ; Treatment Outcome

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The diagnostic proton pump inhibitor test (PPI test) is a method used in diagnosing gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). This study aimed to determine the appropriate dose of lansoprazole for use in the diagnostic test for GERD. METHODS: This study was a randomized, controlled, multicenter trial in the Daegu-Gyeongbuk area. Patients with typical reflux symptoms such as regurgitation and heartburn for at least three months were enrolled in this study. Patients were divided into two groups, the erosive reflux disease (ERD) group and the non-erosive reflux disease (NERD) group, and randomized to 14 days of treatment with lansoprazole at a dose of 15 mg, 30 mg or 60 mg once daily. The PPI test was considered positive if the patient's symptoms improved by more than 50%. RESULTS: A total of 218 patients were enrolled, and analysis was performed on the 188 patients who completed the study. The PPI test was positive in 93.2% of the ERD group and 87.2% of the NERD group. A positive PPI test was observed in 91.7%, 89.4%, and 87.2% of the 15 mg, 30 mg, and 60 mg groups, respectively. Significant symptom score changes were observed starting on day 8 for the 15 mg, 30 mg, and 60 mg groups. CONCLUSIONS: In this multicenter, randomized study of Korean patients, the standard dose of lansoprazole was as effective as a high dose of lansoprazole in relieving the symptoms of GERD, regardless of the presence of ERD, by day 14 of treatment.
2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles ; Diagnostic Tests, Routine ; Gastroesophageal Reflux ; Heartburn ; Humans ; Proton Pumps