It is improtant that performing prophylaxis procedure on an infected implant surface in order to treat periimplantitis should not change the surface roughness and composition, so that the surface can be recovered to almost same condition as initial implant surface. This thesis, therefore, studied an effect of various oral hygiene instrument on implant surface. A surface roughness measurement instrument and an injection electron microscope were used to observe a change on surface. The purpose of this study was to obtain a clinical guideline during implant care and peri-implantitis treatment. The result were as follows 1. Ra values (surface roughness value) at experimental group 1, group 2, and group 5 were increased significantly as compared with comparison group (p<0.05). 2. When compared experimental group 1 with each exprimental groups at which prohylaxis procedure was performed, mean values of Ra at experimental group 2, group 3, group 6, and group 7 were decreased significantly(p<0.05). 3. Mean value of Ra was lowest at experimental group 2, and highest at experimental group 2, and highest at experimental group 5. 4. Analysis of SEM showed that was significant surface change at experimental group 2, group 3, group 4, group 5, and group 6 as compared with comparison group(X1000). 5. Analysis fo EDX showed that a quantity of Ti on surface for experimental group 6 was very similar to that for comparison group. In conclusion, air-powder abrasive and citric acid, plastic instrument are safe methods to use for performing prophylaxis procedure on implant care or for cleaning and sterilization process on treatment of peri-implantitis, based on the result that those method did not affect implant surface roughness and Ti composition.
Citric Acid ; Oral Hygiene* ; Peri-Implantitis ; Plastics ; Sterilization

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effectiveness of amniotic membrane transplantation (AMT) on the repair of peripheral corneal perforation occurring during cataract surgery of a case of Terrien's marginal degeneration. METHODS: A 77-year-old male patient was referred to our hospital from a private clinic because of corneal perforation during cataract surgery of the right eye. Emergency AMT was performed. RESULTS: The eyeball regained its integrity with stabilized corneal surface, reformed anterior chamber and clearance of the inflammation. CONCLUSIONS: AMT may be an effective alternative for treating corneal perforation or impending perforation.
Aged ; Amnion* ; Anterior Chamber ; Cataract ; Corneal Perforation ; Emergencies ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Male ; Rupture*

PURPOSE: To investigate the clinical characteristics of superior oblique palsy in patients with horizontal strabismus. METHODS: Nineteen superior oblique palsy patients with vertical deviation or inferior oblique overaction who complained horizontal deviation were evaluated. Visual acuity, ocular movement test, prism cover test, Bielschowsky head tilt test, fundus photograph and examining photographs for head tilt and facial asymmetry were performed. Horizontal strabismus surgery and inferior oblique myectomy was done simultaneously , and the postoperative results was compared with preoperative condition. RESULTS: There were 15 exotropic patients (22.20PD+/-6.01SD) and 4 esotropic patients (22.00PD+/-12.08SD). Vertical deviation was found to be 6.74PD+/-3.35SD. Inferior oblique overaction (+0.5~2) was observed in 18 patients. Twelve patients had excyclotorsion. Of 18 patients with head tilting and 12 patients with facial asymmetry, seven patients (38.9%) in head tiltilng and six patients (50%) in facial asymmetry did not notice the abnormality. Horizontal strabismus surgery with inferior oblique myectomy showed good results in all cases. CONCLUSIONS: We should consider the possibility of superior oblique palsy when the patients showed small amount of vertical deviation, head tilt, facial asymmetry or monocular inferior oblique overaction combined with horizontal strabismus, and do the surgery simultaneously for horizontal strabismus and superior oblique palsy.
Facial Asymmetry ; Head ; Humans ; Paralysis* ; Strabismus* ; Visual Acuity

PURPOSE: To compare the effect of combined recession and resection on ocular position. METHODS: We designed a study with three groups of white rabbits. A recession was performed by differing the amount, 9 mm, 12 mm and 15 mm, according to the group, after 12 mm resection on superior rectus muscle. Before and 1 week after the operation, distance from lower margin to upper corneal limbus was measured using photographs. RESULTS: In 12 mm recession group, the distance before and after the operation was 9.44 mm and 9.19 mm respectively, showing no statistically significant change (P=0.2344). In 15 mm recession group, the ocular position showed significant depression, from 9.13 to 7.87 mm (P=0.0017), whereas in 9 mm recession group ocular position showed significant elevation from 9.11 to 10.85 mm (P=0.0078). CONCLUSIONS: The result of this study showed that when combined resection and recession on the same extraocular muscle were made in the same amount, eye alignment at primary ocular position was kept. Furthermore this procedure enables adjustable surgery to be considerable in incomitant strabismus.
Depression ; Limbus Corneae ; Rabbits ; Strabismus

Objectives: In cases of nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding (NVUGIB), endoscopic intervention within the first 24 hours is widely recommended. However, data on the efficacy of urgent endoscopy are limited. Here, we used the Glasgow–Blatchford score to assess bleeding outcomes based on time-to-endoscopy. Methods: Prospectively collected multicenter data, which included 1554 patients with NVUGIB, were retrospectively reviewed between February 2011 and December 2013. Based on time-to-endoscopy, patients were grouped into the early (<24 hours) versus the delayed (≥24 hours) group and the urgent (<6 hours) versus the nonurgent (≥6 hours) group. The rates of re-bleeding, mortality, secondary intervention, transfusion, and morbidity aggravation were analyzed. Results: The mean time-to-endoscopy and median Glasgow–Blatchford score were 33.0±75.5 hours and 12 (range: 1–23), respectively. Univariate analyses revealed that in the delayed endoscopy group, the transfusion and re-bleeding rates were higher (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.257, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.026–1.540) and lower (HR: 0.610, 95% CI: 0.413–0.901), respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that delayed endoscopy was a significant factor for lower re-bleeding rate (HR: 0.576, 95% CI: 0.387– 0.859), which was prominent in the low-risk group (HR: 0.417, 95% CI: 0.225–0.774). Multivariate analysis showed that when compared with the low-risk group, in-hospital comorbidity aggravation was more common in high-risk patients who underwent non-urgent endoscopy (HR: 2.957, 95% CI: 1.045–6.454). Conclusions In low-risk patients, delayed endoscopy is sufficient for NVUGIB management. In high-risk patients, urgent endoscopy reduced comorbidity aggravation during hospital care.

Objectives: In cases of nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding (NVUGIB), endoscopic intervention within the first 24 hours is widely recommended. However, data on the efficacy of urgent endoscopy are limited. Here, we used the Glasgow–Blatchford score to assess bleeding outcomes based on time-to-endoscopy. Methods: Prospectively collected multicenter data, which included 1554 patients with NVUGIB, were retrospectively reviewed between February 2011 and December 2013. Based on time-to-endoscopy, patients were grouped into the early (<24 hours) versus the delayed (≥24 hours) group and the urgent (<6 hours) versus the nonurgent (≥6 hours) group. The rates of re-bleeding, mortality, secondary intervention, transfusion, and morbidity aggravation were analyzed. Results: The mean time-to-endoscopy and median Glasgow–Blatchford score were 33.0±75.5 hours and 12 (range: 1–23), respectively. Univariate analyses revealed that in the delayed endoscopy group, the transfusion and re-bleeding rates were higher (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.257, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.026–1.540) and lower (HR: 0.610, 95% CI: 0.413–0.901), respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that delayed endoscopy was a significant factor for lower re-bleeding rate (HR: 0.576, 95% CI: 0.387– 0.859), which was prominent in the low-risk group (HR: 0.417, 95% CI: 0.225–0.774). Multivariate analysis showed that when compared with the low-risk group, in-hospital comorbidity aggravation was more common in high-risk patients who underwent non-urgent endoscopy (HR: 2.957, 95% CI: 1.045–6.454). Conclusions In low-risk patients, delayed endoscopy is sufficient for NVUGIB management. In high-risk patients, urgent endoscopy reduced comorbidity aggravation during hospital care.

Objectives: In cases of nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding (NVUGIB), endoscopic intervention within the first 24 hours is widely recommended. However, data on the efficacy of urgent endoscopy are limited. Here, we used the Glasgow–Blatchford score to assess bleeding outcomes based on time-to-endoscopy. Methods: Prospectively collected multicenter data, which included 1554 patients with NVUGIB, were retrospectively reviewed between February 2011 and December 2013. Based on time-to-endoscopy, patients were grouped into the early (<24 hours) versus the delayed (≥24 hours) group and the urgent (<6 hours) versus the nonurgent (≥6 hours) group. The rates of re-bleeding, mortality, secondary intervention, transfusion, and morbidity aggravation were analyzed. Results: The mean time-to-endoscopy and median Glasgow–Blatchford score were 33.0±75.5 hours and 12 (range: 1–23), respectively. Univariate analyses revealed that in the delayed endoscopy group, the transfusion and re-bleeding rates were higher (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.257, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.026–1.540) and lower (HR: 0.610, 95% CI: 0.413–0.901), respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that delayed endoscopy was a significant factor for lower re-bleeding rate (HR: 0.576, 95% CI: 0.387– 0.859), which was prominent in the low-risk group (HR: 0.417, 95% CI: 0.225–0.774). Multivariate analysis showed that when compared with the low-risk group, in-hospital comorbidity aggravation was more common in high-risk patients who underwent non-urgent endoscopy (HR: 2.957, 95% CI: 1.045–6.454). Conclusions In low-risk patients, delayed endoscopy is sufficient for NVUGIB management. In high-risk patients, urgent endoscopy reduced comorbidity aggravation during hospital care.

Objectives: In cases of nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding (NVUGIB), endoscopic intervention within the first 24 hours is widely recommended. However, data on the efficacy of urgent endoscopy are limited. Here, we used the Glasgow–Blatchford score to assess bleeding outcomes based on time-to-endoscopy. Methods: Prospectively collected multicenter data, which included 1554 patients with NVUGIB, were retrospectively reviewed between February 2011 and December 2013. Based on time-to-endoscopy, patients were grouped into the early (<24 hours) versus the delayed (≥24 hours) group and the urgent (<6 hours) versus the nonurgent (≥6 hours) group. The rates of re-bleeding, mortality, secondary intervention, transfusion, and morbidity aggravation were analyzed. Results: The mean time-to-endoscopy and median Glasgow–Blatchford score were 33.0±75.5 hours and 12 (range: 1–23), respectively. Univariate analyses revealed that in the delayed endoscopy group, the transfusion and re-bleeding rates were higher (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.257, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.026–1.540) and lower (HR: 0.610, 95% CI: 0.413–0.901), respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that delayed endoscopy was a significant factor for lower re-bleeding rate (HR: 0.576, 95% CI: 0.387– 0.859), which was prominent in the low-risk group (HR: 0.417, 95% CI: 0.225–0.774). Multivariate analysis showed that when compared with the low-risk group, in-hospital comorbidity aggravation was more common in high-risk patients who underwent non-urgent endoscopy (HR: 2.957, 95% CI: 1.045–6.454). Conclusions In low-risk patients, delayed endoscopy is sufficient for NVUGIB management. In high-risk patients, urgent endoscopy reduced comorbidity aggravation during hospital care.

Purpose: This study aims to explore the relationship between soy food consumption and gastric cancer (GC) risk, accounting for Helicobacter pylori infection status. Materials and Methods: We analyzed data from patients with GC and healthy individuals prospectively enrolled by 6 hospitals between 2016 and 2018. Dietary intake was evaluated using questionnaires that categorized seven dietary habits and 19 food groups. Multivariate logistic regression models were applied to examine associations. Model I adjusted for various epidemiological factors, while Model II included further adjustments for H. pylori infection.Primary exposures examined were consumption frequencies of nonfermented, unsalted soy foods (soybean/tofu) and fermented, salty soy foods (soybean paste stew). Results: A total of 5,535 participants were included, with 1,629 diagnosed with GC. In Model I, the frequency of soybean/tofu consumption was inversely related to GC risk; adjusted odd ratios (aORs) were 0.62 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.48–0.8), 0.38 (95% CI, 0.3–0.49), 0.42 (95% CI, 0.33–0.53), and 0.33 (95% CI, 0.27–0.42) for 1 time/week, 2 times/week, 3 times/week, and ≥4 times/week. Consumption of 2 servings/week of soybean paste stew showed the lowest GC association, forming a V-shaped curve. Both low (aOR, 4.03; 95% CI, 3.09–5.26) and high serving frequencies of soybean paste stew (aOR, 2.23; 95% CI, 1.76–2.82) were associated with GC. The association between soy foods and GC in Model II was similar to that in Model I. The soy food-GC associations were consistent across sexes in Model I.Nonetheless, the positive correlation between frequent consumption of soybean paste stew (≥5 times/week) and GC was more pronounced in women (aOR, 7.58; 95% CI, 3.20–17.99) compared to men (aOR, 3.03; 95% CI, 1.61–5.88) in Model II. Subgroup analyses by H. pylori status and salty diet revealed a consistent inverse relationship between soybean/tofu and GC risk. In contrast, soybean paste stew showed a V-shaped relationship in H. pylori-positive or salty diet groups and no significant association in the H. pylori-negative group. Conclusions Soybean/tofu intake is consistently associated with a decreased risk of GC.However, the relationship between soybean paste stew consumption and GC risk varies, depending on H. pylori infection status and dietary salt intake.

Purpose: This study aims to explore the relationship between soy food consumption and gastric cancer (GC) risk, accounting for Helicobacter pylori infection status. Materials and Methods: We analyzed data from patients with GC and healthy individuals prospectively enrolled by 6 hospitals between 2016 and 2018. Dietary intake was evaluated using questionnaires that categorized seven dietary habits and 19 food groups. Multivariate logistic regression models were applied to examine associations. Model I adjusted for various epidemiological factors, while Model II included further adjustments for H. pylori infection.Primary exposures examined were consumption frequencies of nonfermented, unsalted soy foods (soybean/tofu) and fermented, salty soy foods (soybean paste stew). Results: A total of 5,535 participants were included, with 1,629 diagnosed with GC. In Model I, the frequency of soybean/tofu consumption was inversely related to GC risk; adjusted odd ratios (aORs) were 0.62 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.48–0.8), 0.38 (95% CI, 0.3–0.49), 0.42 (95% CI, 0.33–0.53), and 0.33 (95% CI, 0.27–0.42) for 1 time/week, 2 times/week, 3 times/week, and ≥4 times/week. Consumption of 2 servings/week of soybean paste stew showed the lowest GC association, forming a V-shaped curve. Both low (aOR, 4.03; 95% CI, 3.09–5.26) and high serving frequencies of soybean paste stew (aOR, 2.23; 95% CI, 1.76–2.82) were associated with GC. The association between soy foods and GC in Model II was similar to that in Model I. The soy food-GC associations were consistent across sexes in Model I.Nonetheless, the positive correlation between frequent consumption of soybean paste stew (≥5 times/week) and GC was more pronounced in women (aOR, 7.58; 95% CI, 3.20–17.99) compared to men (aOR, 3.03; 95% CI, 1.61–5.88) in Model II. Subgroup analyses by H. pylori status and salty diet revealed a consistent inverse relationship between soybean/tofu and GC risk. In contrast, soybean paste stew showed a V-shaped relationship in H. pylori-positive or salty diet groups and no significant association in the H. pylori-negative group. Conclusions Soybean/tofu intake is consistently associated with a decreased risk of GC.However, the relationship between soybean paste stew consumption and GC risk varies, depending on H. pylori infection status and dietary salt intake.