No abstract available.
Gonadal Dysgenesis, Mixed*

BACKGROUND: The development of new drugs or alternative therapies effective against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is of great importance, and various natural anti-MRSA products are good candidates for combination therapies. We evaluated the antibacterial activities of a Phellinus baumii ethyl acetate extract (PBEAE) and its synergistic effects with beta-lactams against MRSA. METHODS: The broth microdilution method was used to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the PBEAE. The PBEAE synergistic effects were determined by evaluating the MICs of anti-staphylococcal antibiotic mixtures, with or without PBEAE. Anti-MRSA synergistic bactericidal effects of the PBEAE and beta-lactams were assessed by time-killing assay. An ELISA was used to determine the effect of the PBEAE on penicillin binding protein (PBP)2a production. RESULTS: The MICs and MBCs of PBEAE against MRSA were 256-512 and 1,024-2,048 microg/mL, respectively. The PBEAE significantly reduced MICs of all beta-lactams tested, including oxacillin, cefazolin, cefepime, and penicillin. However, the PBEAE had little or no effect on the activity of non-beta-lactams. Time-killing assays showed that the synergistic effects of two beta-lactams (oxacillin and cefazolin) with the PBEAE were bactericidal in nature (Deltalog10 colony forming unit/mL at 24 hr: 2.34-2.87 and 2.10-3.04, respectively). The PBEAE induced a dose-dependent decrease in PBP2a production by MRSA, suggesting that the inhibition of PBP2a production was a major synergistic mechanism between the beta-lactams and the PBEAE. CONCLUSIONS: PBEAE can enhance the efficacy of beta-lactams for combined therapy in patients infected with MRSA.
Acetates/chemistry ; Agaricales/*chemistry/metabolism ; Anti-Infective Agents/chemistry/*pharmacology ; Drug Synergism ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus/*drug effects/metabolism ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Penicillin-Binding Proteins/analysis/metabolism ; Plant Extracts/chemistry/*pharmacology ; beta-Lactams/*pharmacology

Osmidrosis axillae is a distressing problem characterized by foul odor at the axillae due to excessive apocrine sweat gland secretion. We introduce a new non-surgical method using a specially insulated needle and high frequency electrocoagulator. From September 2001 to January 2005, 52 patients were treated with this procedure for osmidrosis axillae. In authors' procedure, insulated needle which was designed to protect skin and dermal layer was inserted into the deep dermis of axilla area and apocrine sweat glands were removed by electrocoagulation. Fifty two patients were evaluated more than 6 months after surgery. Among these patients, 48 patients received secondary coagulation procedure. After second operation, all patients were satisfied with postoperation results. We conclude that our method has several advantages such as 1) short operation time, 2) no necessity of postoperative immobilization of shoulder joints, 3) no need of hospitalization, 4) minimal scarring and no bleeding, 5) prevention of skin necrosis, 6) a safer operative method for recurred cases as a secondary method.
Apocrine Glands ; Axilla* ; Cicatrix ; Dermis ; Electrocoagulation ; Hemorrhage ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Immobilization ; Necrosis ; Needles* ; Odors ; Shoulder Joint ; Skin ; Sweat Glands

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Oxidative stress is caused by reactive oxygen species and free radicals that accelerate inflammatory responses and exacerbate fatigue. Tormentic acid (TA) has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Thus, the aim of present study is to determine the fatigue-regulatory effects of TA in H2O2 -stimulated myoblast cell line, C2C12 cells and treadmill stress test (TST) and forced swimming test (FST) animal models.MATERIALS/METHODS: In the in vitro study, C2C12 cells were pretreated with TA before stimulation with H2O2 . Then, malondialdehyde (MDA), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK) activity, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glycogen, and cell viability were analyzed. In the in vivo study, the ICR male mice were administered TA or distilled water orally daily for 28 days. FST and TST were then performed on the last day. In addition, biochemical analysis of the serum, muscle, and liver was performed. RESULTS: TA dose-dependently alleviated the levels of MDA, LDH, CK activity, TNF-α, and IL-6 in H2O2 -stimulated C2C12 cells without affecting the cytotoxicity. TA increased the SOD and CAT activities and the glycogen levels in H2O2 -stimulated C2C12 cells. In TST and FST animal models, TA decreased the FST immobility time significantly while increasing the TST exhaustion time without weight fluctuations. The in vivo studies showed that the levels of SOD, CAT, citrate synthase, glycogen, and free fatty acid were increased by TA administration, whereas TA significantly reduced the levels of glucose, MDA, LDH, lactate, CK, inflammatory cytokines, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, blood urea nitrogen, and cortisol compared to the control group. CONCLUSIONS TA improves fatigue by modulating oxidative stress and energy metabolism in C2C12 cells and animal models. Therefore, we suggest that TA can be a powerful substance in healthy functional foods and therapeutics to improve fatigue.

Myxoma is a benign tumor of mesenchymal origin that most commonly arises in the heart. It can arise in various sites including the subcutaneous tissue, bone, skin, and muscles. Myxomas in the head and neck region predominantly occur in the maxilla or mandible, accounting for 76% of the cases, while occurrences in the soft tissues are extremely rare. The floor of the mouth in the head and neck region is the rarest site for the occurrence of soft tissue myxomas. In the international literature, only two cases have been reported, and there have been no reported cases in the domestic literature. In this paper, we report, with a review of literatures, a case of a 74-year-old female patient who presented with a mass lesion found beneath the left mandible and was finally diagnosed with a myxoma.

Myxoma is a benign tumor of mesenchymal origin that most commonly arises in the heart. It can arise in various sites including the subcutaneous tissue, bone, skin, and muscles. Myxomas in the head and neck region predominantly occur in the maxilla or mandible, accounting for 76% of the cases, while occurrences in the soft tissues are extremely rare. The floor of the mouth in the head and neck region is the rarest site for the occurrence of soft tissue myxomas. In the international literature, only two cases have been reported, and there have been no reported cases in the domestic literature. In this paper, we report, with a review of literatures, a case of a 74-year-old female patient who presented with a mass lesion found beneath the left mandible and was finally diagnosed with a myxoma.

Myxoma is a benign tumor of mesenchymal origin that most commonly arises in the heart. It can arise in various sites including the subcutaneous tissue, bone, skin, and muscles. Myxomas in the head and neck region predominantly occur in the maxilla or mandible, accounting for 76% of the cases, while occurrences in the soft tissues are extremely rare. The floor of the mouth in the head and neck region is the rarest site for the occurrence of soft tissue myxomas. In the international literature, only two cases have been reported, and there have been no reported cases in the domestic literature. In this paper, we report, with a review of literatures, a case of a 74-year-old female patient who presented with a mass lesion found beneath the left mandible and was finally diagnosed with a myxoma.