Twelve albino rabbits were treated with cryoretinopexy on the left eye and surface diathermy coagulation on the right eye at the equatorial region in two parallel rows concentric with the limbus. Cryopexy was applied for 10 seconds with Krwawicz's probe (the diameter of the tip was 1.5 mm) after cooling with dry ice and alcohol mixture. Diathermy coagulation was performed with 40 mA currents for 2 seconds with needle electrode without perforating the sclera. After the treatment, ERG was recorded with varying length of intervals up to 30 days. The light stimulus was given by 100 watts incadenscent lamp and the illumination at the eye was 800 lux, its duration being 20 msec. Only the sizes of the b-potentials after 30 minutes of dark adaptation were considered. The patterns of the b-potential changes after cryopexy were roughly divided into 3 types. The first type was seen in 5 eyes, and it consisted of abrupt reductions, followed by slight augmentations, never reaching the pre-treatment level of b-wave even after 30 days. The second type (seen in 3 eyes) showed initial slight decreases followed by marked increases and remained supernormal at the end of 30 days. The third type(4 eyes) showed marked increases from the early post-operative days and returned to the original level after 30 days. These changes were demonstrated graphically in figures 3, 4 and 5. By diathermy coagulation, the same kinds of patterns were observed. The same animal, however, did not show the same pattern as with the cryopexy. The final b-potential after 30 days were 105.4% of the pre-operative value by cryopexy and 82.7% by diathermy coagulation. Thus the cryopexy produced less severe changes in ocular tissues than the diathermy coagulation. The histological observations performed also supported this conclusion.
Animals ; Dark Adaptation ; Diathermy* ; Dry Ice ; Electrodes ; Lighting ; Needles ; Rabbits* ; Sclera

OBJECTIVES: To compare eating behavior according to the shift work and to find the factors associated with the abnormal eating behavior in university hospital's nurses. METHODS: For this assessment, a cross-sectional study was conducted with 300 university hospital's nurses. Nurses were questioned with self-reported questionnaire forms. After excluding cases with incomplete data, 276 cases are enrolled in the study. To find the factors associated with the abnormal eating behavior, we conducted multiple logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: The proportions of shift work nurses were 63.77%(176 cases). The proportions of abnormal eating behavior among shift work nurses were 22.73%(40 cases), but only 6.00%(6 cases) among non-shift work nurses had the abnormal eating behavior. Considering the shift work period, the proportions of abnormal eating behavior were 31.25%, 22.92% and 17.50% in case of shift work period were less than 1 year, 1~3 years and more than 3 years, respectively. The abnormal eating behavior was associated with having shift work, doing exercise, more weekly working hours, being on a diet and having perception of overweight. But age and body mass index were not influenced the abnormal eating behavior. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, we found that the factors associated with the abnormal eating behavior are the shift work, exercise, weekly working hours, perception of overweight and diet.
Body Mass Index ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Diet ; Eating* ; Feeding Behavior* ; Logistic Models ; Overweight ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Capecitabine, a precursor of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), is a well-tolerated and safe chemotherapy that has been used to treat breast, pancreatic, and colorectal cancers. Albeit rare, both 5-FU and capecitbine have been reported to be associated with acute central nervous system toxicity, including cerebellar dysfunction, posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome, and transient leukoencephalopathies. Here we present a case of 32-year-old female, demonstrating transient mutism related to capecitabine induced acute toxic leukoencephalopathy.

The Korean Society for Legal Medicine (KSLM) was founded in 1976 and launched its official journal, the Korean Journal of Legal Medicine (KJLM), in 1977. They have played an important role in Korea's forensic medicine and science, the demand for which has increased in Korean society over the years. A historical review is important and has a significant value in the advancement of forensic medicine and science in Korea. Accordingly, this study reviews and analyzes all papers published in KJLM for 39 years, from Volume 1, Issue No. 1 in 1977 to Volume 39, Issue No. 4 in 2015. There are 891 published papers, which are categorized into 318 review articles, 339 original articles, and 234 case reports. Of the total 891 papers, 377 (42.3%) are related to forensic pathology, whereas 111 (12.5%) concern forensic genetics. The major submitting institutes are forensic medicine departments of universities and the National Forensic Service. KJLM's history can be divided into two phases. The first phase is from the 1970s to the 1990s, and the second, from the 2000s to the present. Many review articles were published in the first phase; approximately 10% of these articles concern clinical forensic medicine and law. Articles on forensic genetics, identification, and entomology also started to be published in the first phase. In the next phase, many case reports from the National Forensic Service were published, and the number of articles on forensic pathology and forensic genetics multiplied. The results of this study provide KSLM and KJLM with direction toward sustainable development. This study is part of the organization's 40th anniversary celebration, and in commemoration of its contribution to advancing human rights and social stability in Korea.
Academies and Institutes ; Anniversaries and Special Events* ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Entomology ; Forensic Genetics ; Forensic Medicine* ; Forensic Pathology ; Human Rights ; Jurisprudence ; Korea

Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Child ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Fever ; Fever of Unknown Origin ; Histiocytic Necrotizing Lymphadenitis ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Lymphatic Diseases ; Lymphoma ; Neck ; Rare Diseases ; Young Adult

While it is generally considered that tuberculous meningitis (TBM) causes various vascular complications, there have been few reports of moyamoya syndrome following TBM. A 23-year-old female was diagnosed as TBM. Preliminary brain MRA yielded normal findings. Follow-up MRA and cerebral angiography conducted 1.5 years later yielded findings that were consistent with moyamoya disease. They showed no interval change after 2 years, and the patient had no neurological deficits. This patient with TBM subsequently developed moyamoya syndrome during the course of antituberculosis medication.
Brain ; Cerebral Angiography ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Moyamoya Disease ; Tuberculosis, Meningeal ; Young Adult

We investigated the effect of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) in experimental acetaminophen (APAP)-induced acute liver injury. LPA administration significantly reduced APAP-challenged acute liver injury, showing attenuated liver damage, liver cell death and aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase levels. APAP overdose-induced mortality was also significantly decreased by LPA administration. Regarding the mechanism involved in LPA-induced protection against acute liver injury, LPA administration significantly increased the glutathione level, which was markedly decreased in APAP challenge-induced acute liver injury. LPA administration also strongly blocked the APAP challenge-elicited phosphorylation of JNK, ERK and GSK3β, which are involved in the pathogenesis of acute liver injury. Furthermore, LPA administration decreased the production of TNF-α and IL-1β in an experimental drug-induced liver injury animal model. Mouse primary hepatocytes express LPA₁(,)₃–₆, and injection of the LPA receptor antagonist KI16425 (an LPA₁(,)₃-selective inhibitor) or H2L 5765834 (an LPA₁(,)₃(,)₅-selective inhibitor) did not reverse the LPA-induced protective effects against acute liver injury. The therapeutic administration of LPA also blocked APAP-induced liver damage, leading to an increased survival rate. Collectively, these results indicate that the well-known bioactive lipid LPA can block the pathogenesis of APAP-induced acute liver injury by increasing the glutathione level but decreasing inflammatory cytokines in an LPA₁(,)₃(,)₅-independent manner. Our results suggest that LPA might be an important therapeutic agent for drug-induced liver injury.

During revascularization after ischemia, oxygen free radicals and cytotoxic enzymes are released and they have a role in pathogenesis of ischemia-reperfusion injury. Glucocorticoid decreases oxygen free radical formation by inhibition of arachidonic acid metabolism, and alpha-lipoic acid scavenges nitric oxide(NO) with inhibition of hydroxy radical formation. Author investigated the role of glucocorticoid and alpha-lipoic acid to decrease ischemia reperfusion injury in 24 anesthetized rats (normal saline-injected, n= 8; dexamethasone-injected, n=8; alpha-lipoic acid-injected, n= 8), subjecting a soleus muscle to 4 hours of tourniquet ischemia followed by 2 hours of reperfusion, and evaluated the concentration of NO, tissue edema, and neutrophil count of rat skeletal muscle as a indicator of tissue damage by ischemia- reperfusion injury. We obtained the results that glucocorticoid and alpha-lipoic acid treatment decreased the increase of NO concentration, tissue edema, and neutrophil count significantly. These results support that pretreatment with glucocorticoid or alpha-lipoic acid has a beneficial effect on the preventive management of ischemia-reperfusion injury.
Animals ; Arachidonic Acid ; Edema ; Free Radicals ; Ischemia ; Metabolism ; Muscle, Skeletal ; Neutrophils ; Oxygen ; Rats ; Reperfusion ; Reperfusion Injury* ; Thioctic Acid* ; Tourniquets

Fine needle aspiration cytologyof a pulmonary mass was performed on a 51-year-old man who had a left testicular mass. Cytologic features were composed of a homogeneous population of malignant cells associated with a background of foamy and lacelike material. The cellular features were characterized by monomorphous cell proliferation of relatively regular large cells, generally isolated or grouped. Occasionally, fine branching stroma with large tumor cells and scanty lymphocytes were noted. The tumor cells had a round, regular nucleus, prominent round nucleoli, and a thin rim of cytoplasm containing large vacuoles or lacunae filled with glycogen. The fine needle aspiration cytologic diagnosis was highly consistent with metastatic seminoma from testis and less likely primary or other metastatic carcinoma. The diagnosis of resected testicular mass was classic seminoma. Despite the fact that cytopathologists were not familiar with diagnosis of seminoma due to clinician's lack of interest in fine needle aspiration cytology of germ cell tumors including seminoma, it appears that a diagnosis of this tumor should not be problematic in cytologic material if specific histologic criteria are applied.
Biopsy, Fine-Needle* ; Cell Proliferation ; Cytoplasm ; Diagnosis ; Glycogen ; Humans ; Lung ; Lymphocytes ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal ; Seminoma* ; Testis ; Vacuoles

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Chronic recurrent parotitis has been considered as an ascending infection from the oral cavity, but its causes remain unknown. Although conservative mechanical and medical measures are usually effective in controlling the acute exacerbations of this disease, surgical treatment may become necessary when the infection become too frequent or severe for episodic treatment. This study was designed to evaluate the etiology and pathology, and to analyse the outcome of surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted on nine patients who were managed by surgery(seven patients: superficial parotidectomy, two patients: total parotidectomy) after failure with all conservative measures. The age distribution was from 25 to 72 years, with the mean of 44 years. RESULTS: Of nine patients, the numbers of recurrence were 1-5 times (with the average of three times). Duration of illness ranged from one to 42 years, with a mean of 12 years. Conservative treatments preceding surgery included parotid gland massage, sialogogues, repeated use of antibiotics, and Stensens duct probing in all patients. The disease persisted in all the patients despite these measures, but following parotidectomy (superficial: 7 patients, total: 2 patients), all had complete resolution of the disease. Two patients developed transient facial weakness (House-Brackmann grade II) postoperatively without permanent sequelae. Other complications included seroma in two patients, facial deformity in two patients, Freys' syndrome in one patient, and salivary fistula in one patient. CONCLUSION: Chronic recurrent parotitis, when deeply severe, causes significant. When all the conservative medical management fail, parotidectomy can be offered as the last resolution.
Age Distribution ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Fistula ; Humans ; Massage ; Mouth ; Parotid Gland ; Parotitis* ; Pathology ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Salivary Ducts ; Seroma