No abstract available.

The Ankle joint is a modified complex hinge joint which plays an importnat role in weight bearing, walking and standing. Injuries about the ankle joint cause destruction of not only bony architecture but also the ligament and soft tissue components. We performed arthrography in 52 cases of ankle fracture. The Result obtained from this study was as follow; The ligament & interosseous membrane injuries were more severe, when fracture of lateral malleolus was occured higher level than ankle joint.
Ankle Fractures ; Ankle Joint ; Ankle ; Arthrography ; Clinical Study ; Joints ; Ligaments ; Membranes ; Walking ; Weight-Bearing

Hereditary anhidrotic ectodermal Dysplasia is a congenital disease displaying characteristics of anhidrosis, hypotrichosis and dental defect which are caused by developmental anomaly of ectodermal epidermis and its appendages. We experienced two cases of hereditary anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia in two-year and four-month old twin brothers. These patients suffered from intermittent high fever early in life which brought them to our clinical attention. However the diagnosis of anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia was not suspected by means physicians who cared the patients previously. The diagnosis was made on the basis of clinical features, and confirmed by starch iodine sweat test and skin biopsy on the palm and axilla. We report the two cases in a twin brothers with brief review of related literatures.
Axilla ; Biopsy ; Diagnosis ; Ectoderm ; Ectodermal Dysplasia* ; Epidermis ; Fever ; Humans ; Hypohidrosis ; Hypotrichosis ; Iodine ; Siblings ; Skin ; Starch ; Sweat ; Twins*

We calculated the age specific Proportionate Morbidity Ratio(PMR)' for different areas as the outcome index by using the national cancer registry data(1988 1991) to assess the patterns of stomach cancer and bladder cancer. Also, we calculated 'Manufacturing workers Concentration Index(MCI)' for different areas as the exposure index by using the census data reported in 1980 to assess the relationship between cancer site specific PMRs and MCIs. As a result, we found the significant correlation(r=0.61, p=0.002) between the bladder cancer in the age of 40s and the industrial exposure indicator. Future analytic studies should be fruitful in identifying more occupational risk factors for bladder cancer. Investigation of cancer incidence including geographic variations and difference by age may identify patterns suggesting occupational exposures.
Adult* ; Censuses ; Fruit ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea* ; Male* ; Occupational Exposure* ; Risk Factors ; Stomach Neoplasms ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms* ; Urinary Bladder*

PURPOSE: To investigate the accuracy and usefulness of the retinal acuity meter (RAM) in predicting visual acuity after cataract surgery. METHODS: We randomly selected 47 eyes from 43 patients who underwent cataract surgery in our clinic. Preoperative BCVA and 3 month postoperative BCVA were measured by the Snellen chart, and we recorded the preoperative visual acuity by RAM. We also grouped the patients according to diabetic retinopathy and preoperative BCVA 20/100. By comparing the expected visual acuity by RAM with actual postoperative BCVA values, we analyzed the accuracy of the RAM's predictability after surgery. The cataract types and macular disease were taken under consideration when analyzing our results. RESULTS: Of the 47 eyes in our study, the postoperative Snellen visual acuity was predictable within three lines (90.9%) in 11 eyes with diabetic retinopathy and without macular disease. In the 36 eyes without diabetic retinopathy, the postoperative Snellen visual acuity was predictable within three lines (91.6%) of the cases. In both groups, the preoperative RAM acuity and postoperative BCVA were significantly correlated (R2=0.692, R2=0.812, p<0.05). In 41 eyes with preoperative BCVA 20/100 or more, the postoperative Snellen visual acuity was highly predictable in 95.1% (R2=0.763, p<0.05). However, in 6 eyes with preoperative BCVA levels less than 20/100, the postoperative Snellen visual acuity was not predictable (66.6 %). In the patients with both nucleosclerosis and posterior subcapsular opacity and in the patients with additional cortical opacity, the postoperative BCVA differed from the preoperative RAM acuity by more than three lines on the Snellen chart. CONCLUSIONS: RAM is useful in predicting postoperative visual acuity in cataract patients, but may be unreliable in the patients with combined cataract forms or with preoperative BCVAs less than 20/100.
Cataract* ; Diabetic Retinopathy ; Humans ; Retinaldehyde* ; Visual Acuity

PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to investigate the quality of basic life support (BLS) information for primary Korean-speaking individuals on the internet.METHODS: Using the Google © search engine, we searched for the terms ‘CPR’, ‘cardiopulmonary resuscitation (in Korean)’ and ‘cardiac arrest (in Korean)’. The accuracy, reliability and accessibility of web pages was evaluated based on the 2015 American heart association(AHA) guidelines for CPR & emergency cardiovascular care, the health on the net foundation code of conduct and Korean web content accessibility guidelines 2.1, respectively.RESULTS: Of the 178 web pages screened, 50 met criteria for inclusion. The overall quality of BLS information was not enough (median 5/7, IQR 4.75-6). 23(36%) pages were created in accordance with 2010 AHA guidelines. Only 24(48%) web pages educated on how to use the automated electrical defibrillator. The attribution and transparency of the reliability of pages was relatively low, 20(40%) and 16(32%). The web accessibility score was relatively high.CONCLUSION: A small of proportion of internet web pages searched by Google have high quality BLS information for a Korean-speaking population. Web pages based on past guideline were still being searched. The notation of the source of CPR information and the transparency of the author should be improved. The verification and evaluation of the quality of BLS information exposed to the Internet are continuously needed.
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ; Defibrillators ; Education ; Emergencies ; Heart ; Heart Arrest ; Internet ; Resuscitation ; Search Engine

ATP-citrate lyase (ACL), an enzyme catalyzing the first step in biosynthesis of fatty acids, is induced during the lipogenesis and cholesterologenesis. We demonstrate that the region -213 to -128 of human ACL promoter is responsible for conferring glucose-mediated transcription. This region in the ACL promoter contains Sp1 binding sites determined by DNase I foot-printing assay. Gel retardation assay using oligonucleotides from -179 to -141 and -140 to -110 showed two specific DNA-protein complexes postulated to be formed by transcription factor Sp1. Competition gel shift and supershift assays have confirmed that these DNA-protein complexes were the result of induced Sp1 as well as another Sp1-related proteins. Western blot analysis also demonstrated that transcription factor Sp1 was slightly increased in the nuclear proteins extracted from Alexander cells following supplementation of glucose. In addition, expression of 110 kDa protein reacting with antibody against Sp3 was dramatically increased by glucose supplementation, while isoforms of Sp3, about 80 kDa in size was decreased in its amounts. Our results suggest that changes in the expression of Sp1 family proteins play an important role in activation of the ACL promoter by glucose.
ATP Citrate (pro-S)-Lyase/metabolism ; ATP Citrate (pro-S)-Lyase/genetics* ; Binding Sites ; Cells, Cultured ; Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase/genetics ; DNA Footprinting/methods ; Deoxyribonuclease I/metabolism ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic* ; Glucose/pharmacology ; Glucose/metabolism* ; Human ; Immunoblotting ; Promoter Regions (Genetics)* ; Transcription Factor, Sp1/metabolism* ; Transcription, Genetic* ; Transfection

BACKGROUND: An increase in oxidative stress has been suggested to play major roles in the complications of diabetes. The bulk of the experimental data favors enhanced free radicals in diabetes and antioxidant defense mechanisms may be reduced in diabetes. Melatonin, the major secretory product of the pineal gland has been shown to be a potent and specific hydroxyl radical scavenger. The purpose of our study was to determine the antioxidative effeet of melatonin in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. METHODS: Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 200-240 g were divided into 3 groups: normal controls(n-7), diabetic contmls(n-9), melatonin-treated diabetic animals(n-9). Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotoein(55 mg/kg body weight) and melatonin(6 mg/kg body weight) was orally administered for 20 days. At day 20 after streptozotocin administration, blood was collected for the assay of glucose, albumin and cholesterol. Erythrocyte membrane lipid peroxidation was determined by malonyldialdehyde(MDA) reactivity. RESULTS: 1) The MDA resctivity of erytbrocyte membrane in melatonin-treated diabetic animals (meanstandard deviation: 5.52+-1.52nmol/ml packed cells) were lower(p<0.05) than that in diabetic controls(7.68+-1.16nmol/mL packed cells). But, there was no significant difference between melatonin-treated diabetic animals and normal contls(4.93+-1.19 nmol/mL packed cells). 2) There were no significant differences of blood glucose and body weight between diabetic controls and melatonin-treated diabetic animals. CONCLUSION: These results show the antioxidative effect of melatonin in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Further clinical and long-term experimental studies are needed to assess the effect of melatonin on development and progression of diabetic complications.
Animals ; Blood Glucose ; Body Weight ; Cholesterol ; Defense Mechanisms ; Diabetes Complications ; Erythrocyte Membrane ; Free Radicals ; Glucose ; Hydroxyl Radical ; Injections, Intraperitoneal ; Lipid Peroxidation ; Melatonin* ; Membranes ; Oxidative Stress ; Pineal Gland ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Streptozocin

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to identify causative factors for cerebral white matter changes on MRI and relationship between cerebral white matter changes and cognitive function. METHODS: The patients who were admitted to the Department of Neurology ward or visited to outpatient clinic at the Chungnam National University Hospital from September 1999 to July 2000 were selected. All patients underwent brain MRI with 1.5 T for determination of degree and distribution of cerebral white matter changes. The patients were evaluated their cognitive function with the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Modified Mini-Mental State Examination (3MS), which has more extensive and detailed tool for fluency and memory domains of cognition compared with the MMSE. Statistical analyses were performed to identify whether there was difference in causative factors and cognitive status between patients with white matter change and patients without white matter changes. RESULTS: White matter changes were significantly more common in patients with hypertension and women. On correlation analyses, hypertension and aging were significantly related with cerebral white matter changes. General cognitive status in patients with white matter changes were worse than those of patients without white matter changes and of control group. Frontal lobe functions like fluency, attention, and visuo-constructive function were especially affected by white matter changes on the 3MS. CONCLUSIONS: Hypertension, female sex and aging may contribute to the development of cerebral white matter changes. Cerebral white matter changes may be responsible for the general cognitive decline. (J Korean Neurol Assoc 19(5):471~477, 2001)
Aging ; Ambulatory Care Facilities ; Brain ; Chungcheongnam-do ; Cognition ; Female ; Frontal Lobe ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Memory ; Neurology

OBJECTIVE: Heart rate variability (HRV) changes as a function of psychiatric illness. This study aimed to evaluate HRV among patients with various psychiatric disorders. METHODS: The present study recruited patients with schizophrenia (n=35), bipolar disorder (n=41), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD; n=34), or major depressive disorder (n=34) as well as healthy controls (n=27). The time-domain analysis (the standard deviation of all RR intervals [SDNN] and the square root of the mean squared differences of successive normal sinus intervals [RMSSD]), the frequency-domain analysis (very low frequency, low frequency [LF], high frequency [HF], and total power [TP]), and a non-linear complexity measure the approximate entropy were computed. RESULTS: SDNN and HF were significantly reduced in patients with schizophrenia compared with healthy controls. SDNN, RMSSD, TP, LF, and HF were significantly reduced in bipolar patients compared with healthy controls. HF was significantly reduced in PTSD patients compared with healthy controls. CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that HRV is not sufficiently powerful to discriminate among various psychiatric illnesses. However, our results suggest that HRV, particularly HF, could be used as a tool for discriminating between psychiatric patients and healthy controls.
Bipolar Disorder* ; Depressive Disorder, Major* ; Entropy ; Heart Rate* ; Heart* ; Humans ; Schizophrenia* ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic*