No abstract available.

The Ankle joint is a modified complex hinge joint which plays an importnat role in weight bearing, walking and standing. Injuries about the ankle joint cause destruction of not only bony architecture but also the ligament and soft tissue components. We performed arthrography in 52 cases of ankle fracture. The Result obtained from this study was as follow; The ligament & interosseous membrane injuries were more severe, when fracture of lateral malleolus was occured higher level than ankle joint.
Ankle Fractures ; Ankle Joint ; Ankle ; Arthrography ; Clinical Study ; Joints ; Ligaments ; Membranes ; Walking ; Weight-Bearing

Hereditary anhidrotic ectodermal Dysplasia is a congenital disease displaying characteristics of anhidrosis, hypotrichosis and dental defect which are caused by developmental anomaly of ectodermal epidermis and its appendages. We experienced two cases of hereditary anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia in two-year and four-month old twin brothers. These patients suffered from intermittent high fever early in life which brought them to our clinical attention. However the diagnosis of anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia was not suspected by means physicians who cared the patients previously. The diagnosis was made on the basis of clinical features, and confirmed by starch iodine sweat test and skin biopsy on the palm and axilla. We report the two cases in a twin brothers with brief review of related literatures.
Axilla ; Biopsy ; Diagnosis ; Ectoderm ; Ectodermal Dysplasia* ; Epidermis ; Fever ; Humans ; Hypohidrosis ; Hypotrichosis ; Iodine ; Siblings ; Skin ; Starch ; Sweat ; Twins*

We calculated the age specific Proportionate Morbidity Ratio(PMR)' for different areas as the outcome index by using the national cancer registry data(1988 1991) to assess the patterns of stomach cancer and bladder cancer. Also, we calculated 'Manufacturing workers Concentration Index(MCI)' for different areas as the exposure index by using the census data reported in 1980 to assess the relationship between cancer site specific PMRs and MCIs. As a result, we found the significant correlation(r=0.61, p=0.002) between the bladder cancer in the age of 40s and the industrial exposure indicator. Future analytic studies should be fruitful in identifying more occupational risk factors for bladder cancer. Investigation of cancer incidence including geographic variations and difference by age may identify patterns suggesting occupational exposures.
Adult* ; Censuses ; Fruit ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea* ; Male* ; Occupational Exposure* ; Risk Factors ; Stomach Neoplasms ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms* ; Urinary Bladder*

PURPOSE: To investigate the accuracy and usefulness of the retinal acuity meter (RAM) in predicting visual acuity after cataract surgery. METHODS: We randomly selected 47 eyes from 43 patients who underwent cataract surgery in our clinic. Preoperative BCVA and 3 month postoperative BCVA were measured by the Snellen chart, and we recorded the preoperative visual acuity by RAM. We also grouped the patients according to diabetic retinopathy and preoperative BCVA 20/100. By comparing the expected visual acuity by RAM with actual postoperative BCVA values, we analyzed the accuracy of the RAM's predictability after surgery. The cataract types and macular disease were taken under consideration when analyzing our results. RESULTS: Of the 47 eyes in our study, the postoperative Snellen visual acuity was predictable within three lines (90.9%) in 11 eyes with diabetic retinopathy and without macular disease. In the 36 eyes without diabetic retinopathy, the postoperative Snellen visual acuity was predictable within three lines (91.6%) of the cases. In both groups, the preoperative RAM acuity and postoperative BCVA were significantly correlated (R2=0.692, R2=0.812, p<0.05). In 41 eyes with preoperative BCVA 20/100 or more, the postoperative Snellen visual acuity was highly predictable in 95.1% (R2=0.763, p<0.05). However, in 6 eyes with preoperative BCVA levels less than 20/100, the postoperative Snellen visual acuity was not predictable (66.6 %). In the patients with both nucleosclerosis and posterior subcapsular opacity and in the patients with additional cortical opacity, the postoperative BCVA differed from the preoperative RAM acuity by more than three lines on the Snellen chart. CONCLUSIONS: RAM is useful in predicting postoperative visual acuity in cataract patients, but may be unreliable in the patients with combined cataract forms or with preoperative BCVAs less than 20/100.
Cataract* ; Diabetic Retinopathy ; Humans ; Retinaldehyde* ; Visual Acuity

PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to investigate the quality of basic life support (BLS) information for primary Korean-speaking individuals on the internet.METHODS: Using the Google © search engine, we searched for the terms ‘CPR’, ‘cardiopulmonary resuscitation (in Korean)’ and ‘cardiac arrest (in Korean)’. The accuracy, reliability and accessibility of web pages was evaluated based on the 2015 American heart association(AHA) guidelines for CPR & emergency cardiovascular care, the health on the net foundation code of conduct and Korean web content accessibility guidelines 2.1, respectively.RESULTS: Of the 178 web pages screened, 50 met criteria for inclusion. The overall quality of BLS information was not enough (median 5/7, IQR 4.75-6). 23(36%) pages were created in accordance with 2010 AHA guidelines. Only 24(48%) web pages educated on how to use the automated electrical defibrillator. The attribution and transparency of the reliability of pages was relatively low, 20(40%) and 16(32%). The web accessibility score was relatively high.CONCLUSION: A small of proportion of internet web pages searched by Google have high quality BLS information for a Korean-speaking population. Web pages based on past guideline were still being searched. The notation of the source of CPR information and the transparency of the author should be improved. The verification and evaluation of the quality of BLS information exposed to the Internet are continuously needed.
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ; Defibrillators ; Education ; Emergencies ; Heart ; Heart Arrest ; Internet ; Resuscitation ; Search Engine

BACKGROUND: An increase in oxidative stress has been suggested to play major roles in the complications of diabetes. The bulk of the experimental data favors enhanced free radicals in diabetes and antioxidant defense mechanisms may be reduced in diabetes. Melatonin, the major secretory product of the pineal gland has been shown to be a potent and specific hydroxyl radical scavenger. The purpose of our study was to determine the antioxidative effeet of melatonin in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. METHODS: Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 200-240 g were divided into 3 groups: normal controls(n-7), diabetic contmls(n-9), melatonin-treated diabetic animals(n-9). Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotoein(55 mg/kg body weight) and melatonin(6 mg/kg body weight) was orally administered for 20 days. At day 20 after streptozotocin administration, blood was collected for the assay of glucose, albumin and cholesterol. Erythrocyte membrane lipid peroxidation was determined by malonyldialdehyde(MDA) reactivity. RESULTS: 1) The MDA resctivity of erytbrocyte membrane in melatonin-treated diabetic animals (meanstandard deviation: 5.52+-1.52nmol/ml packed cells) were lower(p<0.05) than that in diabetic controls(7.68+-1.16nmol/mL packed cells). But, there was no significant difference between melatonin-treated diabetic animals and normal contls(4.93+-1.19 nmol/mL packed cells). 2) There were no significant differences of blood glucose and body weight between diabetic controls and melatonin-treated diabetic animals. CONCLUSION: These results show the antioxidative effect of melatonin in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Further clinical and long-term experimental studies are needed to assess the effect of melatonin on development and progression of diabetic complications.
Animals ; Blood Glucose ; Body Weight ; Cholesterol ; Defense Mechanisms ; Diabetes Complications ; Erythrocyte Membrane ; Free Radicals ; Glucose ; Hydroxyl Radical ; Injections, Intraperitoneal ; Lipid Peroxidation ; Melatonin* ; Membranes ; Oxidative Stress ; Pineal Gland ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Streptozocin

A case report described a 72-year-old man with a history of a deceased-donor liver transplantation (due to hepatitis B-associated end-stage liver cirrhosis) performed in 1994. The patient was diagnosed with renal cell carcinoma and pulmonary metastasis in 1997 and was successfully treated with radiofrequency ablation and thoracoscopic superior segmentectomy. There was no evidence of newly diagnosed metastatic lesions or recurrence until the 19th post-operative month. Gastric cancer was identified by endoscopy during a routine follow-up examination; the pre-pyloric antral lesion measured 1.5 cm in size and was histologically well-differentiated and confined to the submucosal layers on endoscopic ultrasound. Laparoscopic gastrectomy and lymph node dissection (D1 + beta) was successfully performed in March 2009, and the patient was discharged on the 5th post-operative day without complications. This suggests that laparoscopic surgery is one of the feasible methods for resection of gastric cancer in liver transplant patients.
Aged ; Carbamates ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell ; Endoscopy ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gastrectomy ; Hepatitis ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; Liver ; Liver Transplantation ; Lymph Node Excision ; Mastectomy, Segmental ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Organometallic Compounds ; Recurrence ; Stomach Neoplasms ; Transplants

ATP-citrate lyase (ACL), an enzyme catalyzing the first step in biosynthesis of fatty acids, is induced during the lipogenesis and cholesterologenesis. We demonstrate that the region -213 to -128 of human ACL promoter is responsible for conferring glucose-mediated transcription. This region in the ACL promoter contains Sp1 binding sites determined by DNase I foot-printing assay. Gel retardation assay using oligonucleotides from -179 to -141 and -140 to -110 showed two specific DNA-protein complexes postulated to be formed by transcription factor Sp1. Competition gel shift and supershift assays have confirmed that these DNA-protein complexes were the result of induced Sp1 as well as another Sp1-related proteins. Western blot analysis also demonstrated that transcription factor Sp1 was slightly increased in the nuclear proteins extracted from Alexander cells following supplementation of glucose. In addition, expression of 110 kDa protein reacting with antibody against Sp3 was dramatically increased by glucose supplementation, while isoforms of Sp3, about 80 kDa in size was decreased in its amounts. Our results suggest that changes in the expression of Sp1 family proteins play an important role in activation of the ACL promoter by glucose.
ATP Citrate (pro-S)-Lyase/metabolism ; ATP Citrate (pro-S)-Lyase/genetics* ; Binding Sites ; Cells, Cultured ; Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase/genetics ; DNA Footprinting/methods ; Deoxyribonuclease I/metabolism ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic* ; Glucose/pharmacology ; Glucose/metabolism* ; Human ; Immunoblotting ; Promoter Regions (Genetics)* ; Transcription Factor, Sp1/metabolism* ; Transcription, Genetic* ; Transfection

Renal osteodystrophy is well recognized complication of end stage renal disease(ESRD) and is associated with a marked morbidity. To evaluate bone loss in renal osteodystrophy, we measured bone mineral density(BMD) in distal radius by quantitative computed tomography in 43 ESRD patients on starting hemodialysis(HD) and in 84 healthy controls matched for age and sex. We also measured intact parathyroid hormone(iPTH), serum total alkaline phosphatase(T-ALP), osteocalcin(OC) and urine deoxypyridinoline(U-DPD) as bone turn-over markers. 1) The mean age of ESRD patients and control groups were 49.8 and 49.7 years. M:F ratio were 1:1.1 and 1:1.3 on each groups. There was no significant differences on each groups. 2) Serum T-ALP and OC were 263.9+/-264.5U/L, 43.5+/-27.6ng/mL in ESRD patients and 167.4+/-46.6U/ L, 8.8+/-3.9ng/mL in control groups. These were significantly higher in ESRD patients(P<0.001, P< 0.001), while U-DPD were not significant difference on each groups(5.3+/-4.1 vs 5.4+/-1.9nM/mM. Cr.). 3) Serum iPTH and aluminum were 296.8+/-263.4pg/mL, 10.1+/-11.6ng/mL in ESRD patients. 4) Total density, trabecular density and cortical density were 340.4+/-83.6, 172.9+/-48.4, 477.2+/-123.5mg/ cm3 in ESRD patients and 393.2+/-49.1, 210.6+/-32.9, 541.3+/-76.2mg/cm3 in control groups. BMD was statistically significantly reduced in ESRD patients (P<0.001, P<0.001, P<0.001, respectively). Z score of total density and trabecular density were -0.62+/-1.12, -0.91+/-0.95 in ESRD patients and 0.19+/-0.68, 0.06+/-0.59 in control groups. It was significantly reduced in ESRD patients(P<0.001, P<0.001, P<0.001, respectively). 5) In ESRD patients, serum T-ALP, iPTH, OC, U-DPD were not correlated with BMD and Z score. But in control groups, serum OC was correlated inversly with BMD, and U-DPD was only correlated inversely with trabecular density. 6) In ESRD patients(n=22) who were having iPTH above 300pg/mL, serum OC and U-DPD were significantly higher than in ESRD patients(n=21) who were having iPTH below 300pg/mL(52.6+/-28.8ng/ mL, 6.8+/-5.1nM/mM.Cr. vs. 33.9+/-23.3ng/mL, 3.7+/-1.9 nM/mM.Cr. P<0.05, P<0.05 repectively). But serum aluminum, and T-ALP were not significant difference on each groups. BMD and Z score were also not difference on each groups. 7) In ESRD patients who were having iPTH above 300pg/mL, iPTH and serum OC were inversely correlated with BMD but U-DPD were only inversely correlated with trabecular density. In ESRD patients who were having iPTH below 300pg/mL, bone turn-over markers were not correlated with BMD. In ESRD patients on starting HD, BMD were significantly reduced, but serum T-ALP, OC, iPTH and U-DPD were not correlated with BMD. In ESRD patients who were having iPTH above 300 pg/mL, BMD were significantly inversely correlated with serum OC, iPTH.
Aluminum ; Bone Density* ; Humans ; Kidney Failure, Chronic* ; Radius ; Renal Dialysis* ; Renal Osteodystrophy