PURPOSE: This study was aimed to evaluate the recurrence rate of a giant cell tumor (GCT) of the bone. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The medical records of fifty four patients who were diagnosed with a giant cell tumor of the bone between March 1980 and December 2008 were analysed retrospectively. Among 54 patients, 27 were men, remaining 27 were women with the mean age of 33.1 years (range, 13-67 years). The mean duration of follow-up was 67.1 months. RESULTS: Twenty-one patients (38.9%) had a local recurrence. The mean time to recurrence was 21.5 months (range, 2-59 months). The local recurrence rate of the upper extremities was higher than that of lower extremities. According to Campanacci classification, patients with a grade I diseae had lower recurrence rate than those with grade II or III disease. There was no significant differences in the recurrence rates based on cryotherapy, the filling of bone cement or bone grafts and surgical margin. CONCLUSION: To prevent local recurrence of GCT of bone, curettage of the tumor and elimination of the remaining cells are more important than adjuvant therapy.
Cryotherapy ; Curettage ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Giant Cell Tumors ; Giant Cells ; Humans ; Lower Extremity ; Male ; Medical Records ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Transplants ; Upper Extremity

No abstract available.
Ureter*

In cases of L4-5 spinal fusions, L5-S1 segment used to be included in the fusion traditionally for fear of progressive deterioration of the lumbosacral motion segment after fusion above. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the advisability of extension to L5-S1 segment in cases of L4-5 fusion for an isolated pathologic condition in L4-5 sement. A retrospective review of 72 patients with spinal fusion for an isolated pathologic condition in L4-5 segment was undertaken to compare the clinical results and adverse effects in two groups. One group consisted of 39 patients with floating L4-5 fusion(SF), and the other group consisted of 33 patients with L4-S1 fusion(LSF). The age, pathologic condition at L4-5, and the fusion method(lateral fusion) were matched in two groups. The mean follow-up period was 43.6 months(ranging 24-69 months). Comparisons were made for operative problems, post-operative complications, the amount of changes in angular motion at the adjacent segments to fusion at the last follow-up compared to the pre-operative motion, and the clinical results of treatment. The LSF group took 38 more minutes and lost 245 grams of more blood in averages to complete the additional surgical procedures compared with those in SF group. Several considerable post-operative complications were one deep infection in SF group and three metal failures of sacral fixation with subsequent two fusion failures in LSF group which were mostly concerned with the sacral fixations. The changes of angular motion at follow up compared to pre-operative motion in SF group were 1.5° gain in average (ranging 3° loss-6° gain) in L3-4 segment and 0.6° gain in average (ranging 5° loss-5° gain) in the L5-S1 segment. Those in L3-4 segment of LSF were 2.8° gain in average (ranging 2°-loss 9° gain). Therefore the higher stress and subsequent degeneration are more likely expected above the L4-S1 fusion rather than below the L4-5 fusion. The satisfactory clinical results were 89.7% in SF group and 87.9% in LSF group without significant difference between two groups. In conclusion there is no need to include the L5-S1 segment in the L4-5 fusion when the pathology is limited to L4-5 segment.
Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Pathology ; Retrospective Studies ; Spinal Fusion

A most common site for the isthmic spondylolisthesis is at fifth lumbar vertebra(L5) and far less at fourth(L4). The pathogenic lesion in the pars interarticularis is essentially the same in LA and L5 isthmic spondylolisthesis, but the clinical characteristics may differ each other according to their anatomical and biomechanical differences. A retrospective review of 24 patients of LA(study group) and 27 patients of L5(control group) isthmic spondylolisthesis was undertaken for their medical records and radiographs to compare the clinical characteristics in each groups. Included in each groups were all patients who were surgically treated during the same period and followed for more than two years after surgery. In the study group, 18 of 24 patients were females having an average age of 42.5 years(ranging 34-65), while in the control group, 17 of 27 patients were males having an average age of 38,1 years (ranging 13-59). The symptoms were severe leg pain in most of the study group, but in the control group, the leg pain and back pain were equally complained. The degrees of slip were similar in two groups, but a narrowing of dise space at slip segment was more prominent in study group. The lateral radiographs taken in flexion and extension revealed more changes of slip in study group (4.7mm in study group vs 2.8mm in control group in averages), and more angular motion at slip segment in study group unless the dise space is not severely narrowed. A spinal stenosis in CT findings was disclosed in almost all patients of study group and in 18 patients of control group. The sizes of L5 transeverse process were bigger than twice as those of L4 in 17(70.8%) patients including 9(37.5%) sacralizations of L5 in suty group, while in control group they were only 8(29.6%) patients with no sacralization. The heights of intercreastal line revealed no difference in two groups. The surgical procedures in study group were fusion only in two and decompression with fusion in 22(91.7%) patients and those in control group were fusion only in 11 and decompression with fusion in 16(59.3%) paticnts. The satisfactory results of treatment were in 21(87.5%) patients of study group and 25(92.6%) patients of control group without significant difference between two groups. In conclusion, the L4 spondylolytic spondylolisthesis compared to L5 lesion was more unstable and developed spinal stenosis more often. The surgical treatment and decompression procedure were also more needed in L4 lesions particularly in agend women.
Back Pain ; Decompression ; Female ; Humans ; Leg ; Male ; Medical Records ; Retrospective Studies ; Spinal Stenosis ; Spondylolisthesis

Patients admitted with the clinical symptomatology of a progressive myelopathy associated with radiologic findings compatible with spondylotic degeneration of the cervical spine and who manifest appropriate neurophysiological abnormalities should be considered as candidates for surgical treatment. The authors have undertaken a study of 20 patients who had received decompressive surgical procedures and possible follow up studies for CSM, which was defined as a myelopathy related to osteophytic overgrowth and ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament(OPLL) in the cervical spinal canal causing impingement upon the spinal cord from Sep.93. To Aug. 1995. It was concluded with the following results. 1) man was exclusively prevalent in most cases. 2) age at surgery: There was a signigicant negative correlation between the age at surgery and the recovery rate. 3) Original cause of compression: There was no signigicant difference between the CSM and OPLL. 4) The involved level : three level involvement was the most common(8cases), followed by two level(6 cases), four level(3 cases), and single level(2 cases). There was no correlation between the preoperative Harsh scale and the number of the involved level. 5) Recovery rate: excellent(Grade O.I). 12 cases(60%), good(Grade II, IIIA), 4 cases(20%), poor(Grade IIIc, IV, V), 4 cases(20%).
Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Ossification of Posterior Longitudinal Ligament ; Spinal Canal ; Spinal Cord ; Spinal Cord Diseases* ; Spine

BACKGROUND: It is not known with certainty whether patients with persistently positive sputum smear results who have also had negative sputum culture results require prolongation of treatment for tuberculosis in order to avoid an increased risk of eventual relapse. The purpose of the present study was to retrospectively describe the treatment characteristics and evaluate the appropriate duration of treatment in these patients. METHODS: Sixty of 69 patients with sputum smear positive and culture negative tests at 5 months after first line anti-tuberculous chemotherapy from 2002 to 2003 were retrospectively analyzed. Exclusion criteria included incomplete treatment or resistance to rifampicin or two additional antibiotics, as determined by a drug susceptibility test (DST). RESULTS: Smear conversion of the study subjects was observed after 8.3+/-2.3 months treatment, and the patients were culture negative after 2.0+/-0.8 months. The relapse rates of the study subjects were 3.8, 10.0, and 25.8% after 1, 2, and 5 years of anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy, respectively. The relapse rates were not significantly affected by a series of risk factors such as age, sex, presence of diabetes, a sputum culture examination after 2 months treatment, previous treatment history, chest radiograph, and duration of the treatment (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: Regimen change is not required for patients with persistent smear positive but culture negative tests in the fifth month for first line antituberculous treatment. However, a further study will be needed to clarify the high relapse rate in this specific group of patients.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Drug Therapy* ; Humans ; Radiography, Thoracic ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Rifampin ; Risk Factors ; Sputum* ; Tuberculosis ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

No abstract available.
Anesthesia, Spinal*

No abstract available.
Anesthesia, Spinal*

BACKGROUND: As prostate cancer in men is increasing in Korea, the need for early detection by mass screening has become an important issue. Screening tests for early detection of prostate cancer are digital rectal examination, transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) and prostate specific antigen (PSA) test. PSA test has been mainly used for prostate cancer screening in health promotion centers. However, PSA has a high sensitivity but low specificity. Therefore, PSA concentration can be increased not only in prostate cancer, but also in several benign prostate diseases such as benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH), prostatitis, and prostate ischemia. Also, PSA concentration can increase in the elderly. Therefore, we investigated the results of follow-up PSA tests, in the cases of increased PSA concentration on screening. METHODS: In 538 cases, the PSA concentration were increased over 2.5 ng/ml among total 17,302 males checked up on screening test at Ajou University Hospital from January 1999 to December 2001. Two hundred and four cases followed up with TRUS or prostate biopsy were chosen. We investigated 89 cases who performed follow- up PSA test. On the basis of the results of biopsy or TRUS, the subjects were classified into non-disease group, benign prostate disease group and prostate cancer group (possible or confirmed prostate cancer group). RESULTS: The mean age of non-disease group was 35.5 5.9 years, which was significantly lower than that of benign prostate disease group and prostate cancer group (P<0.05). Compared to the mean age of prostate cancer group (60.6 10.4 years) and non-prostate cancer group (53.1 12.3 years), prostate cancer group was significantly older than non prostate cancer group (P=0.005). When the lower limit of age was set to 40 years (mean-2SD), confirmed prostate cancer group was significantly older than other groups (p<0.001). The PSA concentration of confirmed prostate cancer group (11.33 7.58 ng/ml) was significantly higher than that of non-prostate disease group (4.35 2.22 ng/ml) and possible prostate cancer group (4.44 2.29 ng/ml) (P<0.05). The follow-up PSA level of confirmed prostate cancer group (10.13 6.13 ng/ml) was significantly higher than that of non-prostate disease group (2.55 0.97 ng/ml), BPH group (4.33 3.80 ng/ml), prostatitis group (3.61 2.17 ng/ml), prostate cyst group (3.00 1.86 ng/ml) and possible prostate cancer group (3.81 2.82 ng/ml) (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: It is recommended that screening test for prostate cancer be performed after the age of 40. While follow-up PSA test is needed when the PSA is increased up to less than 10 ng/ml, prostate biopsy may be desired in the PSA value of 10.0 ng/ml or greater.
Aged ; Biopsy ; Digital Rectal Examination ; Follow-Up Studies ; Health Promotion ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; Ischemia ; Korea ; Male ; Mass Screening ; Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1 ; Prostate* ; Prostate-Specific Antigen* ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; Prostatitis ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Ultrasonography

No abstract available.