Two kinds of copper-pure and 70% dilute alloy suspension were introduced into the vitreous of albino rabbits, and electron microscopical observation was carried out on the retinal tissue after several periods from 1 day up to 60 days. Major changes are as follows: 1. Early response of rabbit retina with pure copper foreign body exhibited severe and diffuse destruction with much deposition of particles mainly in nerve fiber layer. The influence of 70% copper alloy to the retinal tissues tended to demonstrate mild, localized and delayed in occurrence. 2. In the nerve fiber layer where the tissue disintegration took place Muller cell demonstrated the features of mitosis and proliferation. Including this rare incidence, it is possible to conclude that Muller cell proliferation occur in any part of the retina if the condition allows. 3. Cytoid bodies mainly consisting with glycogen aggregates within the Miiller cell processes in nerve fiber layer was one of prominent pictures in early stage. 4. Muller cells took an important role in reparative process replacing the destructive portion of the retinal cells with the extension of the same cells beyond the external limiting membrane toward the choroid. 5. At the late stage, the Muller cells contained abundant filaments replacing the reduced number of smooth surfaced endoplasmic reticulum and other organells. That implicats the enhancement of supportive mechanism at the occasion of the disintegration of retinal tissue prolonged. 6. A relatively early sign was active phagocytosis of retinal pigment epithelial cells engulfing the reminiscent fragment of ouer pigment of visual cells.
Alloys ; Cell Proliferation ; Choroid ; Copper ; Endoplasmic Reticulum ; Ependymoglial Cells ; Epithelial Cells ; Foreign Bodies ; Glycogen ; Incidence ; Membranes ; Mitosis ; Nerve Fibers ; Phagocytosis ; Rabbits ; Retina* ; Retinaldehyde

The anthelminthic effect of phenylene-diisothiocyanate-(1,4)(=Jonit) was studied on the eighty three cases infected with Ancylostoma duodenale. For the evalution, the number of eggs per gram of feces on all these cases was calculated before treatment. The follow-up for the egg reduction was carried out over a period of four weeks. The sixty-seven cases were treated in dosage schedule of 3 x 100 mg every 12 hours. The cure rates - the rate of negative conversion of eggs - was 74.6 percent and the total egg reduction rate of 94.2% was obtained. The ten out of 14 cases treated in the dosage schedule of 2 x 100 mg every 12 hours showed 100% egg reduction and the cure rate was 71.4%. In this group. the total egg reduction rate of 78.6% was noted. In the dosage schedule of 2 x 50 mg every 12 hours the remainder, two out of total 83 cases showed 100% egg reduction. Side effects were observed as being mild, 51 cases (56.6%) were free of side reactions and the most frequently noted side effects were vertigo and diarrhea. From the above results, it is concluded that Jonit is an effective antheminthic against Ancylostoma duodenale and its effectiveness is quite equivalent to that of a known recommended anti-hookworm products.
parasitology-helminth-nematoda ; Ancylostoma duodenale ; chemotherapy ; phenylene-diisothiocyanate ; Jonit

Retinal dysplasia is an important disease in the study of retinal development. The differential diagnosis of retinal dysplasia from retinoblastoma is very difficult to make clinically, but histologically the diagnosis is made by the structure of rosettes. The authors experimentally gave trauma to retina of rats and produced retinal dysplasia; we observed under electron microscope the incomplete rosette of retinal dysplasia and the complete rosette appearing in retinoblastoma. We concluded that both rosettes are formed in developing retina with environmental or hereditary defects and did a comparative study of their characteristic fine structures.
Animals ; Diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Rats* ; Retina ; Retinal Dysplasia* ; Retinaldehyde* ; Retinoblastoma*

Isometric tension was recorded in uterine arterial ring preparation contracted by potassium (60 mM) and norepinephrine(1.8 X 10(-7) M). With pretreatment of various concentrations of nifedipine(2.9 x 10(-9) ~2.9 X10(-7) M) and verapamil(2.2 X 10(-7) -2.2 X 10(-5) M), the relaxation was dose-dependent and inhibitory effects of both agents were more marked on the potassium than norepinephrine-evoked contraction. After immersion of the arterial preparation in calcium-free solution, the potassium-evoked contraction was decreased to 21+/-4.1%(mean+/-SEM) of the response in normal Krebs solution and norepinephrine-evoked contraction to 26+/-3.8%. The responses to both agents were completely restored when the calcium concentration was increased to 4.0 mM. Pretreated nifedipine(2.9 x 10(-7) M) in calcium-free solution depressed the potassium-evoked contraction to 7.3+/-1.6% and norepinephrine-evoked contraction to 12+/-3.7%. In addition of calcium(0-4.0mM), the potassium-evoked contraction increased to 30+/-4.6% and that by norepinephrine to 45+/-5.4%. Pretreated verapamil(2.2 X 10(-5) M) in calcium-free solution depressed the potassium-evoked contraction to 14+/-3.6% and norepinephrine-evoked contraction to 18+/-3.3%. In addition of calcium(0-4.0mM), the potassium-evoked contraction increased to 41+/-4.2% and that by norepinephrine to 57+/-4.7%. It was concluded that nifedipine and verapamil relaxed KC1 contracted ring in the presence of external calcium and relaxed norepinephrine contracted ring in both the presence and absence of external calcium. These findings suggest that calcium antagonists interfere with the release of calcium from intracellular sites as well as with the slow inward current of calcium.
Calcium ; Humans* ; Immersion ; Nifedipine* ; Norepinephrine ; Potassium ; Relaxation ; Uterine Artery* ; Verapamil*

Labyrinthitis causes damage to inner ear structure, and in turn hearing loss and vertigo. Labyrinthitis is classified as otogenic labyrinthitis and meningogenic labyrinthitis. Otogenic labyrinthitis can be diagnosed early through otoscopic examination. However, when there are no characteristic neurologic symptoms in patients with meningogenic labyrinthitis, clinicians can overlook the underlying meningitis and this may lead to the peripheral vertigo. We encountered an unusual case of meningogenic labyrinthitis that is misdiagnosed as peripheral dizziness.
Dizziness ; Ear, Inner ; Hearing Loss ; Humans ; Labyrinthitis ; Meningitis ; Meningitis, Bacterial ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Vertigo

Background and Objectives: The leakage of cerebrospinal fluid due to damage to the ethmoid roof and cribriform plate (CP) is one of the most serious complications of endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). For the risk of skull base injury during ESS, the Keros classification has been widely used, but recently the Gera classification has been introduced as a tool for risk assessment. This study evaluated the risk of skull base damage using the Gera classification in Koreans.Subjects and Method We analyzed 592 left and right sides of 296 paranasal sinus CTs, and measure the angle between the lateral lamella of CP and the lateral extension of the horizontal plane passing through CP, namely the Gera angle. The angles were classified into three categories: the type I (>80°, low risk), type II (45° to 80°, medium risk), and type III (<45°, high risk). Results: The type III, which is vulnerable to skull base damage, accounted for 11.7% of the study subjects. The Gera angle in females (64.0°±12.3°) was greater than that in males (61.3°± 14.0°), showing a significant gender difference (p=0.015). Although there was no difference between the left and the right side of the Gera angle (p=0.155), there was a significant difference between the left and the right side in the Gera classification (p<0.001). Age and the Gera angle showed a negative correlation (r=-0.116, p=0.005). Conclusion The type III of the Gera classification was observed in 11.7% of the total study group. For the type III, extra care is required during ESS.

Background and Objectives: The maxillary sinus disease is mainly treated through the middle meatal antrostomy, but there is a disadvantage in that it does not approach the lesions of the anterior wall of the maxillary sinus. On the other hand, the prelacrimal recess approach (PLA) can be used to access the lesions of the anterior wall of the maxillary sinus. However, complications after PLA may include nasal bleeding, infection, epiphora, and neurological symptoms. We investigated the possibility of neurological morbidity (anterior superior alveolar nerve injury) after PLA by imaging.Subjects and Method A total of 253 people were studied by using 506 samples of paranasal sinus CT. According to the Simmen and Arosio methods, the study groups were classified into the following categories: PLA type I (<3 mm), type II (3-7 mm), and type III (>7 mm), internal angle of pyriform notch (IAPN), type A (below 45°), type B (from 45° to 60°), and type C (60° excessive). Results: Of the PLA types, the IAPN value was the largest in the type III and smallest in the type I, and there were significant differences among the three groups (p<0.001). Conclusion CT Evaluation prior to PLA would help physicians to predict the likelihood of neurological morbidity such as maxillary sensory abnormalities.

Background and Objectives: Endoscopic modified Lothrop procedure (EMLP) is indicated after the failure of standard endoscopic sinus surgery techniques to alleviate frontal sinus disease. Three parameters, such as nasal beak thickness (NBT), accessible dimension of frontal recess (AD), and distance of frontal sinus (DFS), are important in the preoperative evaluation and selection of patients for EMLP. The purpose of this study is to apply the parameters to determine the feasibility of EMLP for the Korean population.Subjects and Method Sinus CT was performed on a total of 233 people, and a study was conducted using 466 bilateral sides with the following parameters: 1) NBT 2) the distance from the posterior margin of nasal beak to the anterior margin of skull base (DNBSB) 3) the right and left AD and 4) the right and left DFS. If the values of NBT, AD, and DFS of the study group were less than 10 mm, greater than 5 mm and 7 mm, respectively, they were considered candidates for the EMLP. Results: DNBSB, NBT, AD, and DFS were 6.97±1.96 mm, 7.01±1.58 mm, 7.16±2.40 mm, and 9.47±2.91 mm, respectively. Parameters except DNBSB showed significant differences in male and female. The feasibility of EMLP was 75.36% for male and 57.89% for female, with 68.24% overall. Conclusion The overall feasibility of EMLP was 68.24% for the study group, where feasibility was lower for female than for male.

Background and Objectives: The olfactory fossa is an important anatomical structure to prevent surgical complications such as skull base injury and meningitis. The purpose of this study is to determine if there is a difference in lateral lamella length (LLL) between the left and right sides, a topic that has been studied rarely in Korea. Subjects and Method: We analyzed 592 left and right sides of 296 PNS CTs. We measured LLL as the distance between the fovea ethmoidalis and the horizontal cribriform plate in the olfactory fossa of the coronal surface where the crista galli was observed. Results: The average LLL on the left side was significantly longer than that on the right. Age and LLL showed a negative correlation. Multiple regression analysis revealed younger age and left side as independent variables for predicting increasing LLL. Conclusion There was a significant difference between the two sides of LLL on sinus CT in Koreans. Before sinus surgery, the asymmetry of the ethmoid roof must be assessed, even by skilled doctors. If the height of the ethmoid roof is asymmetric, extra care is required during sinus surgery.

Background and Objectives: The olfactory fossa is an important anatomical structure to prevent surgical complications such as skull base injury and meningitis. The purpose of this study is to determine if there is a difference in lateral lamella length (LLL) between the left and right sides, a topic that has been studied rarely in Korea. Subjects and Method: We analyzed 592 left and right sides of 296 PNS CTs. We measured LLL as the distance between the fovea ethmoidalis and the horizontal cribriform plate in the olfactory fossa of the coronal surface where the crista galli was observed. Results: The average LLL on the left side was significantly longer than that on the right. Age and LLL showed a negative correlation. Multiple regression analysis revealed younger age and left side as independent variables for predicting increasing LLL. Conclusion There was a significant difference between the two sides of LLL on sinus CT in Koreans. Before sinus surgery, the asymmetry of the ethmoid roof must be assessed, even by skilled doctors. If the height of the ethmoid roof is asymmetric, extra care is required during sinus surgery.