Purpose: We aimed to compare the accuracy of the intraocular lens (IOL) calculation formula using the standard keratometry (K) and total K (TK) during the femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery (FLACS) with a monofocal IOL with enhanced intermediate function using currently used formulas. Methods: A retrospective review of 125 eyes from 125 patients who had undergone FLACS with implantation of monofocal IOL with enhanced intermediate function was conducted. The predicted refractive power was calculated using an optical biometer (IOLmaster 700) according to the K and TK in the Barrett Universal II, SRK/T, Haigis, and Holladay 2 formulas. Absolute prediction error (APE) obtained from the actual postoperative refractive outcomes and the refractive error predicted in each formula was compared one month after surgery. Results: Mean APE ranged between 0.29 and 0.39 diopters (D) regardless of the calculation formula and the method of measuring corneal curvature. Significant differences were observed in the APE from the four formulas and the two keratometric measurements (p = 0.014). In a total of 125 eyes from 125 patients, the mean APE was lowest with the Barrett Universal II formula. Across all formulas, both the mean APE and the median APE tended to be lower for K than for TK, although there was no significant difference. Approximately 70% to 80% of the patients were included within 0.5 D of the refractive error across all formulas. The percentage of eyes within 0.5 D of APE outcomes was not statistically different between the K and TK data when using each formula. Conclusions Keratometric measurements considering the poster corneal curvature did not show any additional advantages when implanting the monofocal IOL with enhanced intermediate function during the FLACS.

Cigarette smoking may be associated with the augmentation of pro-inflammatory cytokines including Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), which may affect the outcomes of pharmacological agents such as TNF-alpha inhibitors. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of smoking on the effectiveness of TNF-alpha inhibitors in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or Crohn's disease (CD). We used systematic literature review methods. A total of 1,147 articles were selected after exclusion of duplicates through a database search. Among them, 28 articles were finally selected through a review of titles and abstracts and a subsequent review of full articles. The effectiveness of TNF-alpha inhibitors in patients with RA or CD among the selected articles was summarized by their smoking status. Meta-analysis was performed with random effect model. When current smokers were compared with non-smokers for response after adjustments through meta-analysis among patients with RA, current smokers had 59% less response than non-smokers with statistical significance (Pooled adjusted OR=0.41, 95% CI=0.17-0.95). In patients with CD, current smokers tended to have lower clinical response than non-smokers, but statistical significance was not shown. In subgroup analyses for luminar CD or fistulizing CD, current smokers tended to have a lower response in luminar CD (Pooled OR=0.62, 95% CI=0.34-1.14), but smoking status was not associated with drug response in fistulizing CD. This study raises awareness of the adverse effects of smoking in terms of clinical response in patients treated with TNF-alpha inhibitors.
Arthritis, Rheumatoid* ; Crohn Disease* ; Cytokines ; Humans ; Smoke* ; Smoking* ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha*