The Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19), which emerged as pneumonia from an unknown agent for the first time at the end of 2019, has dramatically transformed our world into one that is highly unrecognizable today. Newly emerging infectious diseases have been occurring more frequently than ever. Opportunities of such deadly microorganisms to adapt to humans—as well as spread between people on a massive scale—are growing because of active human mobility. We have translated and published the book, “One Health: People, Animals, and the Environment.” The original book, published in 2014 by ASM Press, shows the concept and applications of One Health. The current book comprises five parts: definition and importance of One Health, zoonotic and environmental drivers of emerging infectious diseases, One Health and antibiotic resistance, disease surveillance, and realizing the One Health Initiative’s objectives. This translation and publication was the first science book publishing project performed under the name of the Korean Society of Clinical Microbiology. We are actively working toward providing academic information and advancing our identity in other scientific fields as well as to the public.

Complications that may occur after an endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) procedure include pancreatitis, bleeding, cholangitis, cholecystis, perforation, and post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP). Of these, PEP is the most common complication and 10% of patients can die from severe pancreatitis. Prevention of PEP requires the selection of an appropriate patient group according to their ERCP indications and a full awareness of the risk factors. The incidence rate can be reduced to some extent through medication and ERCP manipulation changes. The use of a spile through the guidewire during ERCP manipulation and temporary pancreatic duct stent insertion can be effective, and the administration of suppository NSAIDs as medication reduces the occurrence of PEP. Drugs such as glyceryl trinitrate (GTN), nafamostat, and somatostatin can be considered as the second best treatment in the cases where NSAIDs are contraindicated or where a plastic catheter cannot be inserted or fails after insertion into the pancreatic duct.
Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal ; Catheters ; Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde ; Cholangitis ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Incidence ; Nitroglycerin ; Pancreatic Ducts ; Pancreatitis* ; Plastics ; Risk Factors ; Somatostatin ; Stents

Functional dyspepsia is a very common disease and there are two types of dyspepsia. One is functional dyspepsia in the gastrointestinal tract and the other is pancreatobiliary dyspepsia. Biliary dyspepsia is caused by biliary tract disease and can even cause biliary pain. Acalculous biliary pain (ABP) is biliary colic without gallstones, it is caused by functional biliary disorder or structural disorders such as microlithiasis, sludges or parasitic infestation like Clonorchiasis. The endoscopic ultrasonography is helpful tool for differential diagnosis of ABP. Although sphincter of Oddi manometry (SOM) is performed for the confirmative diagnosis of sphincter of Oddi dysfunction (SOD), several non-invasive tests have been studied because of some practical limitations and invasiveness of SOM itself. In fact, the most clinically used easy test to diagnose functional biliary disorder is quantitative hepatobiliary scintigraphy and it can distinguish gallbladder dyskinesia, SOD, or combined type. Initial treatment of functional biliary disorder is adequate dietary control and medication, but if the symptoms worsened or recurred frequently, laparoscopic cholecystectomy could be performed with gallbladder dyskinesia. If SOD is suspected, additional SOM should be considered and endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST) can be done according to the outcome. If the SOM is not available, the patient could be diagnosed by stimulated ultrasound.
Biliary Dyskinesia ; Biliary Tract Diseases ; Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic ; Clonorchiasis ; Colic ; Diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Dyspepsia* ; Endosonography ; Gallstones ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Humans ; Manometry ; Radionuclide Imaging ; Sphincter of Oddi ; Sphincter of Oddi Dysfunction ; Sphincterotomy, Endoscopic ; Ultrasonography

Objective: Establishing positive network resources and rebuilding drug free networks are key components of recovery process for women with substance use disorder (SUDs). Theory of planned behavior (TPB) posits that behaviors are determined by behavioral intentions, which are determined by three factors: attitude toward the behavior, perceived behavioral control, and subjective norms. The current study applied TPB to examine whether women’s personal social network characteristics (as subjective norms) were related to intentions towards, and/or a substance use relapse using prospective research design. Methods: Longitudinal data from 300 American women with SUD who received treatment at three county-funded, women-only intensive treatment programs was utilized for the current study. Results: Bayesian estimation path analyses indicated that attitude and abstinence self-efficacy at intake were not related to intention at the 6-month follow-up, but abstinence self-efficacy was directly related to substance use relapse by 12 months. Personal social network characteristics, number of treatment related persons in personal social network and sobriety support were significantly associated with intention at 6 months. The interaction between the numbers of treatment related persons and density was found on intention, suggesting that density strengthens the relationship between treatment related persons in network and intention. Intention to use substance was associated with relapse to substance use behavior. Conclusion Our findings support that personal social network characteristics can be considered as subjective norms in the TPB model. Personal social network interventions focusing on rebuilding consistent social norms against drug-using behaviors may decrease intention to use substance, which will lead to abstinence.

Health insurance big data not only provide real-world evidence of unmet needs in actual clinical practice but also of breakthroughs in the medical industry which will shape the future of health care. Big data are also expected to transform the existing medical paradigm and provide a truly personalized medical age. However, questions about research through the collection and utilization of various big data in various fields have also been raised because quality limitations cannot be overlooked. Therefore, many challenges remain to be overcome in the use of big data research as a basis for changing medical practice. Intervention and interpretation by clinical medical experts are required in judging the scientific trustworthiness of the big data analysis process and the validity of the results. Therefore, healthcare big data research cannot achieve its goal by the efforts of researchers alone. Teams of data analysis scientists, epidemiologists, statistics experts, and clinical researchers are required to collaborate closely with team members, from the design phase to expert consultation, through regular meetings. In addition, it is necessary, in the creation of a healthier community, to cooperate with government agencies that provide data based on the whole nation or the world's population, as well as interest groups representing the people, and policy-making organizations. In this paper, we describe the knowledge, practical clinical applications, and future research directions and prospects for the next phase of health care, from the design of clinical research using health insurance big data to report writing.
Delivery of Health Care ; Government Agencies ; Humans ; Insurance, Health ; Public Opinion ; Statistics as Topic ; Writing

This study was conducted to investigate the characteristics of subculture times in the early, middle, and late passages by measuring the time under subculture until it was judged that the supernumerary tooth-derived pulp stem cells (sDPSCS) were no longer proliferating. Three supernumerary teeth from two healthy six-years old boys were extracted and stem cells were obtained from the pulp tissue. This was called SNT1 (supernumerary tooth 1), SNT2, and the supernumerary tooth from another child was named SNT3. SNT1 and 2 were subcultured at the same time and SNT3 was subcultured a little faster. The mean time of complete subculture was 3.6 ± 1.1 days. Total passages were cultured up to 23.3 ± 0.6 and took 83 days. These were divided into three groups based on the passage. The increase rate of time taken in subculture between group I and group II was 11.9%, but the rate between group II and group III was 28.6%, which was 2.4 times increased. The time taken between passages during long-term subculture up to 22 passages shows a regressive pattern y = 0.1169x + 2.25 and y = 0.1169x + 2.0. In conclusion, the passage time of SPSCs increased in late passages, and it shows a similar pattern.
Child ; Humans ; Stem Cells ; Tooth ; Tooth, Supernumerary

In Korea, demand for autologous serum eye drops (ASEs) is increasing for treatment of severe dry eye diseases. However, since the MFDS (Ministry of Food and Drug Safety) does not have guidelines for use of ASEs, they are manufactured according to their own protocols by each medical institution. ASEs should be taken with caution to avoid contamination during the manufacturing process since blood must be used as a raw material and must be prepared in an open space. In this paper, we briefly review reports on ASEs and share our experience with the introduction of ASE manufacturing protocols at Severance hospital.
Eye Diseases ; Korea ; Ophthalmic Solutions*

Background: The application of genotypic antimicrobial sensitivity tests (ASTs) is dependent on the reliability of the predictions of phenotypic resistance. In this study, routine AST results and the presence of corresponding antimicrobial resistance genes were compared. Methods: Eighty-four extended-spectrum-β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli isolates from poultry-related samples were included in the study. The disk diffusion method was used to test for susceptibility to antimicrobial compounds, except colistin susceptibility, which was tested using the agar dilution method. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was performed using a NextSeq 550 instrument (Illumina, USA). Antimicrobial resistance genes were detected using ResFinder 4.1. Results: Concordance rates between the genotype and phenotype ranged from 35.7% (ciprofloxacin) to 96.4% (tetracycline). The presence of tet was a good predictor of phenotypic resistance. Conclusion The genotype was a good predictor of tetracycline phenotypic resistance, but there was a gap in the prediction of phenotypic ASTs for trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, and ciprofloxacin. We concluded that WGS-based genotypic ASTs are inadequate to replace routine phenotypic ASTs.

Health insurance big data not only provide real-world evidence of unmet needs in actual clinical practice but also of breakthroughs in the medical industry which will shape the future of health care. Big data are also expected to transform the existing medical paradigm and provide a truly personalized medical age. However, questions about research through the collection and utilization of various big data in various fields have also been raised because quality limitations cannot be overlooked. Therefore, many challenges remain to be overcome in the use of big data research as a basis for changing medical practice. Intervention and interpretation by clinical medical experts are required in judging the scientific trustworthiness of the big data analysis process and the validity of the results. Therefore, healthcare big data research cannot achieve its goal by the efforts of researchers alone. Teams of data analysis scientists, epidemiologists, statistics experts, and clinical researchers are required to collaborate closely with team members, from the design phase to expert consultation, through regular meetings. In addition, it is necessary, in the creation of a healthier community, to cooperate with government agencies that provide data based on the whole nation or the world's population, as well as interest groups representing the people, and policy-making organizations. In this paper, we describe the knowledge, practical clinical applications, and future research directions and prospects for the next phase of health care, from the design of clinical research using health insurance big data to report writing.

PURPOSE: In the present study, we aimed to identify the incidence of fever in patients after subinguinal microsurgical varicocelectomy and to evaluate the clinical factors associated with the occurrence of the fever. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the cases of patients who underwent subinguinal microsurgical varicocelectomy (group A) under spinal anesthesia. In addition, we reviewed the cases of patients who underwent microsurgical vasovasostomy under spinal anesthesia as a control group (group B). The incidence of fever in each group was compared. We investigated the clinical factors influencing the occurrence of fever in the patients of group A. RESULTS: The incidence of fever in group A was significantly higher than that in group B (32.5% [53/163] vs. 0.4% [1/284]; p<0.001). Clinical factors such as age, varicocele grade, weight, height, operation time, number of ligated veins, usage of immediate postoperative analgesics, presence of postoperative hematoma, and duration of hospital stay were not significantly associated with the occurrence of fever. CONCLUSIONS: We found that one-third of the patients developed transient fever after subinguinal microsurgical varicocelectomy, and therefore, this information should be provided during preoperative counseling.
Analgesics ; Anesthesia, Spinal ; Counseling ; Fever* ; Hematoma ; Humans ; Incidence* ; Length of Stay ; Retrospective Studies ; Varicocele ; Vasovasostomy ; Veins