Epidural hematoma associated with epidural anesthesia is rare. We describe a case of a epidural hematoma after continuous epidural anesthesia and analgesia for arthroscopic patella shaving. Anesthesia was indudced with 8 ml lidocaine, 2.0% with epinephrine, 1:200,000 and surgery proceeded. When additional boluses of bupivacaine were administered later, aspiration of the epidural catheter still yielded no blood. At the end of the operation, an epidural infusion of 0.125% bupivacaine was done 2 ml/hr by two-day infusor. In the third postoperative day, the patient suffered from acute myocardial infarction and then heparin was infused. In the fourth postoperative day, she complained lumbar back pain and developed depressed dorsiflexion (Grade II) of great toe in left foot during the infusion of heparin. Sagittal MRI showed posterior thickened epidural hematoma along the segments of T12-L4. Despite the delayed laminectomy and decompression, which was performed six days after her initial operation, she had a good postoperative response, followed by a complete neurological recovery.
Analgesia ; Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, Epidural* ; Back Pain ; Bupivacaine ; Catheters ; Decompression ; Epinephrine ; Foot ; Hematoma* ; Heparin ; Humans ; Infusion Pumps ; Laminectomy ; Lidocaine ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Myocardial Infarction ; Patella ; Toes

BACKGROUND: The apnea test is an essential component in the clinical determination of brain death, however it may incur a significant risk of complications such as hypotension, hypoxia and even cardiac arrest. We analyzed the risk factors associated with a failed apnea test during brain death assessment in order to predict and avoid these adverse events. METHODS: Medical records on apnea tests performed for brain-dead donors at our institution between January 2009 and January 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. Age, gender, etiology of brain death, use of catecholamines and results of arterial blood gas analysis (ABGA), systolic/diastolic blood pressure (SBP/DBP), mean arterial pressure and central venous pressure prior to apnea test initiation were collected as variables. A-a gradient and P(aO2)/F(iO2) were calculated for more precise assessment of the respiratory system. In total, 267 cases were divided into two groups based on those who completed the apnea test and those who failed the test. RESULTS: 13 cases failed the apnea test. Among them, seven cases failed due to severe hypotension (SBP < 60 mmHg) and the others failed due to refractory hypoxia. In terms of hemodynamic state, SBP was significantly higher in the completed test group than the failed group (126.5 ± 23.9 vs. 103 ± 15.2, respectively; p = 0.001). In ABGA, the completed test group showed significantly higher P(aO2)/F(iO2) (313.6 ± 229.8 vs. 141.5 ± 131.0, respectively; p = 0.008) and a lower A-a gradient (278.2 ± 209.5 vs. 506.2 ± 173.1, respectively; p = 0.000). In multivariable analysis, low SBP (p = 0.003) and high A-a gradient (p = 0.044) were independent risk factors associated with a failed apnea test. CONCLUSIONS: Although the unexpected adverse events during the apnea test for brain death determination do not occur frequently, they can be fatal. If a brain-dead patient has low SBP and a high A-a gradient, clinicians should pay more attention and prepare for potential complications prior to the apnea test.
Anoxia ; Apnea* ; Arterial Pressure ; Blood Gas Analysis ; Blood Pressure ; Brain Death* ; Brain* ; Catecholamines ; Causality ; Central Venous Pressure ; Heart Arrest ; Hemodynamics* ; Humans ; Hypotension ; Medical Records ; Respiratory System ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Tissue Donors

No abstract available.
Calculi* ; Lithotripsy* ; Shock*

No abstract available.
Evaluation Studies as Topic* ; Hoarseness*

Prognosis and biologic behavior of malignant ovarian tumors have been assessed by clinical staging, morphological grading and many other variables. Recently DNA ploidy measured by flow cytometry has been suggested as an additional important indicator of the tumor behavior and prognosis. The author measured DNA ploidy, S-phase fraction and DNA Index in 36 patients of epithelial ovarian tumors(17 were malignant, and 19 were borderline) by flow cytometric analysis of paraffin embedded tumor blocks. Comparing with FIGO stage, tumor grade, histologic type and others, the author investigated the clinical significance of the results of flow cytometric analysis. The results obtained as follows : (continue)
DNA* ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Paraffin ; Ploidies* ; Prognosis

No abstract available.
Free Radicals* ; Reperfusion*

Metabolomics, a novel "omics" platform, is a powerful tool for the discovery of clinically useful biomarkers and biochemical processes to improve diagnosis and therapy. Through the use of advanced analytical technologies, metabolomics enables the assessment of comprehensive metabolic profiles that are affected by both genotype and environmental factors. Recently, attention has been focused on the concept of pharmacometabolomics, an emerging field that is derived from metabolomics. Pharmacometabolomics is focused on the use of individual metabolic signatures for the prediction and evaluation of drug efficacy and safety, eventually accelerating clinical pharmacology toward personalized drug therapy.
Biochemical Processes ; Biomarkers ; Diagnosis ; Drug Therapy ; Genotype ; Humans ; Precision Medicine ; Metabolome ; Metabolomics ; Pharmacology, Clinical

To a patient suffering from intractable pain due to the terminal state of cervix cancer, 7% phenol-glycerine solution was injected through the L2-L3 interspace. We obtained a good result of pain relief, but motor paralysis developed.
Humans ; Pain, Intractable ; Paralysis ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms

No abstract available.
Calcium Carbonate* ; Calcium* ; Humans ; Renal Dialysis*

No abstract available.
Animals ; Cystitis* ; Estrogens* ; Rats* ; Urinary Bladder*