PURPOSE: The purpose of the study is to investigate the correlation between the symptoms and the incidence of anatomical variant without mucosal abnormality. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Out of 892 patients with CT performed for the evaluation of sinus disease symptoms between March 1991 and March 1993, we observed the anatomic variations in 82 symptomatic patients without mucosal abnormality(male:female=43:39, mean age 36. 4 years). The control group included 88 patients with facial bone CT performed for the evaluation of trauma during the same period while patients with recent paranasal sinusitis were excluded. (male:female=76:12, mean age 22. 4 years). The scouis were performed with 5-ram section thickness from posterior margin of sphenoid sinus to anterior margin of posterior ethmoid and then with 3 mm thickness from anterior margin of posterior ethmoid to anterior margin of frontal sinus. The artatomic variations included nasoseptal deviation, concha bullosa, Hailer cells, Agger nasi cells, etc. RESULTS: The anatomic variations were demonstrated in 71 our of 82 symptomatic patients(86. 5%), whereas they were seen 26 of 88 patients(29. 5%) in control group. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that there is a possible causal relationship between anatomic variations and symptomas. Even though without accompaning mucosal abnormalities, anatomic variations could contribute simply to its symptomas. ^natomic variants may obstruct or narrow the airway, leading to turbulating air flow or interrupting ucociliary movement, and finally may produce a series os symptoms.
Facial Bones ; Frontal Sinus ; Humans ; Incidence ; Sinusitis ; Sphenoid Sinus

No abstract available.
Echocardiography* ; Echocardiography, Doppler, Color ; Ligation*

Real-time ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy in 137 solid breast masses was performed. Sonographic findings were categorized into three group and aspirates were categorized into three cytologic groups. The cytologic result was reported benign masses (cytologic group 1) in 71 cases (52%), malignant masses (cytologic group 2 and 3) in 44 cases (32%) and insufficient specimens in 22 cases (16%). Insufficient specimens were treated as benign masses. Excisional biopsy in 44 malignant masses and 3 benigh masses according to cytologic results, clinical findings and follow up study was performed. The result was reported 41 malignant masses and 6 benign masses. Based on cytologic criteria, sensitivity for detection of malignancy was 93% and specificity was 94%. In conclusion, the high specificity provided by ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy could markedly reduce unnecessary surgical excisions for benign masses and it should be routinely performed, since it can give physical and emotional benefits to patients and lead to earlier and cost effective diagnosis of breast cancer.
Biopsy ; Biopsy, Fine-Needle* ; Breast Neoplasms ; Breast* ; Diagnosis ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Ultrasonography

PURPOSE: To evaluate the radiographic results of patients with subtrochanteric femoral fracture using minimal incision and cephalomedullary nail technique. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was performed on 54 patients, 54 cases of hip, recruited among patients who underwent minimal incision and Cephalomedullary nail from September 2005 to August 2008 and were available for 1-year or longer follow up. The gender ratio was 37 males and 17 females, and the mean age at the time of surgery was 57.4 years (range; 16~81 years). According to injury mechanism, traffic accident was 29 cases, fall down form high height was 18 cases, slip down was 7 cases. In classification by Seinsheimer, type II was 23 cases (m/c), type III was 18 cases, type IV was 13 cases. Average follow up period was 14 months (12~18). Radiographic evaluation was performed for time taking union, mal-union and complication. RESULTS: 53 of the 54 cases united. 39 of 54 reductions were anatomic. 19 fractures had a monir varus deformity of proximal fragment (between 2degrees and 5degrees). There was no varus deformity of more than 5degrees. 1 case that had been treated with PFN had nail breakage without trauma. There were no other complications. CONCLUSION: Surgical treatment of subtrochanteric fractures with minimal incision and Cephalomedullary nail technique can reslut in excellent reduction without complications including inflammation & malunion. Careful attention to detail for using Lowman clamp is demanding to decrease soft tissue injury.
Accidents, Traffic ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Female ; Femoral Fractures ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hip ; Hip Fractures ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Male ; Nails ; Soft Tissue Injuries

We investigated the effects of isoflurane-induced hypotension on global cerebral blood flow (CBF), cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen (CMRO,), and the balance between cerebral oxygen supply and demand in 8 mongrel dogs. After endotracheal intubation, anesthesia was maintained with nitrous oxide (50%)-oxygen (50%)-fentanyl (2u/kg/hour). Ventilation was controlled to normocapnia. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) was lowered to 60 mmHg with inhalation of isoflurane. CBF was measured directly using sagittal sinus outflow method before (prehypotension), during (hypotension), and after (posthypotension) isoflurane-induced hypotension. Concomitantly, arterio-sagittal sinus venous oxygen content differen- ce was measured to calculate CMRO2. During hypotension, CBF and CMRO, were measured at 20 minutes after MAP was lowered to 60 mmHg and maintained stably. The time to induce hypotension was 8.6+/-6.1 (mean+/-SD) min. Mean inspired isoflurane concentra tion to induce desired hypotension was 3.1+/-0.9 vol%. The time to recover from hypotension was 28.6+/-7.7 min. MAP and heart rate were reduced significantly during hypotension (p<0.05, respectively) and returned to prehypotensive values during posthypotension. CBF was not changed between three peroiods. CMRO2 was reduced significantly during hypotension (6.5+/-1.2 vs 4.3+/-0.8ml/100/g/min, mean+/-SD, p<0.05) and returned to prehypotensive values during posthypotension. The percentage of CMRO2 reduction from prehypotension to hypotension (% CMRO2 reduction) was 32.5+/-12.9%. CBF/CMRO2 ratio was increased significantly during hypotension (12.8+/-3.3 vs 18.2+/-6.1, mean+/-SD, p<0.05) and lowered to prehypotensive values during posthypotension. Isoflurane-induced hypotension maintained CBF and reduced CMRO2 and therefore favorably influenced the balance between the global cerebral oxygen supply and demand. In conclusion, isoflurane induced-hypotension may be a safe and effective technique in view of the balance of the global cerebral oxygen supply and demand.
Anesthesia ; Animals ; Arterial Pressure ; Dogs* ; Heart Rate ; Hypotension* ; Inhalation ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; Isoflurane* ; Nitrous Oxide ; Oxygen* ; Ventilation

PURPOSE: To analyse complications and to review usefulness of large needle(18G) in percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage(PTBD). MATERIALS AND METHODS: 46 patients underwent PTBD in 52 occassions using large needle. 44 of 46 patients had either definite or suspicious malignant biliary obstruction, and most patients were poor in general dondition. Complications were classified as acute type if developed within 30 days and as delayed type if developed after 30 days. Acute type was subdivided into severe and mild forms. RESULTS: Severe forms of complications were death(5.8%), septicemia(3.8%), and bile peritonitis(1.9%). There were not different from the rate of complication in PTBD using fine needle but the procedure was much more simple. CONCLUSION: We PTBD using large neddie is a simple and safe procedure for prompt bile decompression.
Bile ; Decompression ; Drainage* ; Humans ; Needles*

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) to abdominal muscles and back muscles on postural balance in post-stroke hemiplegic patients. METHODS: Thirty post-stroke hemiplegic patients were prospectively enrolled and randomly assigned to one of the three groups: core muscle-strengthening exercise (CME) with NMES to abdominal muscles (group A), CME with NMES to back muscles (group B), and CME alone (group C). All subjects underwent their targeted interventions for 30 minutes each day, 5 days per week for 3 weeks under a conventional stroke rehabilitation program. Subjects were evaluated using Korean version of Berg Balance Scale (K-BBS), Trunk Impairment Scale (TIS), Korean version of Modified Barthel Index (K-MBI), Weight Distribution Index (WDI), and Stability Index (SI) just before and 3 weeks after intervention. RESULTS: Changes in K-BBS (p < 0.05) and TIS (p < 0.05) were significantly higher in group A (18.5±8.10, 6.6±1.90) and group B (19.9±5.44, 7.0±2.26) than in group C (8.4±4.14, 3.1±0.99). However, K-MBI, WDI, and SI failed to show any significant difference. No significant difference in all outcomes was observed between groups A and B. CONCLUSION: The effect of NMES to the abdominal muscles was similar to the effect on back muscles in terms of postural balance. This finding indicated that the NMES to the abdominal muscles may be an alternative for post-stroke hemiplegic patients contraindicated for NMES to the back muscles. Additional studies investigating the effects of NMES on abdominal and back muscles are needed.
Abdominal Muscles ; Back Muscles* ; Electric Stimulation* ; Humans ; Postural Balance* ; Prospective Studies ; Rehabilitation ; Stroke

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy of commonly available analgesics in the management of delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS) over an 8-day period, and to compare the efficacy between aspirin and acetaminophen. METHOD: Forty-two subjects were recruited. DOMS was induced by using the isokinetic dynamometer (KinCom(R)) in standardized fashion in the nondominant knee extensor with subjects seated at 30 degree-angle velocity. Subjects were asked to extend their non-dominant knee with concentric method and to hold the knee with eccentric flexion force at 30 degree-angle velocity, with maximal efforts. On this way, they did 10 repetitions, and then 3 cycles. We categorized four groups (n=10, for each group), that were control group with no medication, placebo group with placebo medication (antacid tablets), aspirin group with medication of 900 mg of aspirin, and acetaminophen group with medication with 3,900 mg of acetaminophen. Visual Analogue Scale (VAS: twice a day, until on day 8). and McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ: on day 1 and 3) were measured. RESULTS: We didn't find any significant difference of peak VAS score and relief time between four groups (P>0.05), The score of MPQ was not different between four groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: We concluded that the medication may not be beneficial, at least at the doses stated, in the management of DOMS.
2,5-Dimethoxy-4-Methylamphetamine ; Acetaminophen* ; Analgesics ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal ; Aspirin* ; Knee ; Myalgia* ; Pain Measurement

Atrophying pityriasis versicolor is a rare variant of pityriasis versicolor. Clinically, atrophying pityriasis versicolor is characterized by well defined, slightly scaly, depressed macules and patches with minimal symptoms. The etiology of the atrophy is unknown, though several hypotheses have been suggested, including immune reaction to antigens of Malassezia species. A 23-year-old male was presented with multiple, slightly brown colored macules and patches on the chest and back. In the potassium hydroxide preparation, lots of yeasts and hyphae were found. A histopathologic study showed multiple yeasts and hyphae on the stratum corneum, focal epidermal thinning, and perivascular lymphocytic infiltration on the upper dermis. The patient was treated with 100 mg itraconazole a day with topical antifungal agents. After 3 weeks of treatment, clinical improvement and mycological improvement were achieved. We present an additional case of atrophying piryriasis versicolor developed on the chest and back with the review of the relevant literature.
Antifungal Agents ; Atrophy ; Dermis ; Humans ; Hydroxides ; Hyphae ; Itraconazole ; Malassezia ; Male ; Pityriasis ; Potassium ; Potassium Compounds ; Thorax ; Tinea Versicolor ; Yeasts ; Young Adult

Autonomic hyperreflexia is a syndrome of massive reflex sympathetic discharge that occurs in patients with chronic spinal cord lesions above the major sympathetic splanchnic outflow (T 4 -T6). We experienced autonomic hyperreflexia that occured in a patient with spinal cord trans-section at T5 level during general anesthesia with O2-N2O-halothane. Hypertension was controlled with intravenous infusion of sodium nitroprusside (1-2 ug/kg/min) and ventricular arrhythmia was treated with intra- venous lidocaine. We recommend that direct acting vasodilators are useful drugs to control hypertension in autonomic hyperreflexia during anesthesia in patients with chronic spinal cord injury.
Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, General* ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; Autonomic Dysreflexia* ; Humans ; Hypertension* ; Infusions, Intravenous ; Lidocaine ; Nitroprusside* ; Reflex ; Sodium* ; Spinal Cord Injuries* ; Spinal Cord* ; Vasodilator Agents