STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: A number of studies about the nano-treated surfaces of implants have been conducting along with micro-treated surfaces of implants. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to get information for the clinical use of nano-treated surfaces compared with micro-treated surfaces by measuring removal torque and analyzing histological characteristics after the placement of various surface-treated implants on femurs of dogs. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Machined surface implants were used as a control group. 4 nano-treated surface implants and 3 micro-treated surface implants [resorbable blast media surface (RBM), sandblast and acid-etched surface (SAE), anodized RBM surface] were used as experimental groups. Removal torque values of implants were measured respectively and the histological analyses were conducted on both 4weeks and 8weeks after implant surgery. The surfaces of removed implants after measuring removal torque values were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) at 8 weeks. RESULTS: 1. Removal torque values of the nano-treated groups were lower than those of micro-treated groups. 2. Removal torque values were similar in the anodized RBM surface groups. 3. On the histological views, there was much of bone formation at 8 weeks, but there was no difference between 4 and 8 weeks, and between the types of implant surfaces as well. CONCLUSION: It is suggested that implant topography is more effective in removal torque test than surface chemistry. To get better clinical result, further studies should be fulfilled on the combined effect of surface topography and chemistry for the implant surface treatments.
Animals ; Dogs ; Femur ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Osteogenesis ; Titanium ; Torque

PURPOSE: This study conducted an analysis of cost-effectiveness of the implant and conventional fixed dental prosthesis (CFDP) from a single treatment perspective. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The Markov model for cost-effectiveness analysis of the implant and CFDP was carried out over maximum 50 years. The probabilistic sensitivity analysis was performed by the 10,000 Monte-Carlo simulations, and cost-effectiveness acceptability curves (CEAC) were also presented. The results from meta-analysis studies were used to determine the survival rates and complication rates of the implant and CFDP. Data regarding the cost of each treatment method were collected from University Dental Hospital and Statistics Korea for 2013. Using the results of the patient satisfaction survey study, quality-adjusted prosthesis year (QAPY) of the implant and CFDP strategy was evaluated with annual discount rate. RESULTS: When only the direct cost was considered, implants were more cost-effective when the willingness to pay (WTP) was more than 10,000 won at 10th year after the treatment, and more cost-effective regardless of the WTP from 20th year after the prosthodontic treatment. When the indirect cost was added to the direct cost, implants were more cost-effective only when the WTP was more than 75,000 won at the 10th year after the prosthodontic treatment, more than 35,000 won at the 20th year after prosthodontic treatment. CONCLUSION: The CFDP was more cost-effective unless the WTP was more than 75,000 won at the 10th year after prosthodontic treatment. But the cost-effectivenss tendency changed from CFDP to implant as time passed.
Dental Prosthesis* ; Korea ; Patient Satisfaction ; Prostheses and Implants ; Prosthodontics ; Survival Rate

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate of Zirconium Nitride (ZrN) coating on shear bond strength with denture base resin in Co-Cr and Ti-6Al-4V alloy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Co-Cr and Ti-6Al-4V alloy disks (10 mm in diameter, 2.5 mm in thickness; each other: n = 14) were prepared and divided with 2 groups each other by ZrN coating. After primer was applied to disks surface, denture base resin with diameter 6 mm, height 5 mm was bonded on metal disk surface. After surface roughness was measured by Profiler, shear bond strength was determined with Universal testing machine and analyzed with two-way ANOVA. The specimen surfaces and failure mode were examined using a scanning electron microscope. RESULTS: ZrN coated groups showed significantly higher rough surface than non-coated groups (P < 0.05). Irrespective of alloy materials, shear bond strength of ZrN coated groups were lower than non-coated groups (P < 0.001). The scanning electron microscope (SEM) of ZrN coated groups showed mixed and adhesive fractures. CONCLUSION: ZrN coating weakened bonding strength between denture base resin and Co-Cr, Ti-6Al-4V alloy.
Adhesives ; Alloys* ; Denture Bases* ; Dentures* ; Titanium* ; Zirconium*

Pheochromocytoma stems from the chromaffin cell and mostly is located in the adrenal medulla. It is an important cause of secondary hypertension due to correction of hypertension by a resection of the tumor. Because it produces and secretes catecholamine, it bothers anesthesiologists with excessive hypertension, tachycardia and arrhythmia during the anesthetic period. Therefore, anesthetic management is directed to avoid these conditions. We report a case of bilateral pheochromocytoma successfully managed intraoperatively with an infusion of nicardipine and an intermittent esmolol injection.
Adrenal Medulla ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; Chromaffin Cells ; Hypertension ; Nicardipine* ; Pheochromocytoma* ; Tachycardia

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: When veneering composite resin-metal restoration is prepared, the fact that bond strength between Ti and composite resin is relatively weak should be considered. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the shear bond strength between the veneering composite resin and commercial pure (CP) Ti / Ti-6Al-4V alloy according to the method of surface treatment. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The disks were cast by two types of metal. Their surfaces were treated by sandblasting, metal conditioner, TiN coating and silicoating respectively. After surface treatment, the disks were veneered by composite resin (Tescera(TM), Bisco, USA) which is 5 mm in diameter and 3 mm in thickness. The specimens were stored in water at 25degrees C for 24 hours, and then evaluated for their shear bond strength by universal testing machine (STM-5(R), United Calibration, USA). These values were statistically analyzed. RESULTS: 1. All methods of surface treatment were used in this study satisfied the requirements of ISO 10477 which is the standard of polymer-based crown and bridge materials. 2. The metal conditioner treated group showed the highest value in shear bond strength of CP Ti, silicoated group, TiN coated group, sandblasted group, in following order. 3. The silicoated group showed the highest value in shear bond strength of Ti-6Al-4V alloy, metal conditioner treated group, sandblasted group, TiN coated group, in following order. CONCLUSION: Within the limitations of this study, all methods of surface treatment used in this study are clinically available.
Alloys ; Calibration ; Collodion ; Crowns ; Tin ; Titanium ; Water

We found a case of hypoplasia of vertebral artery with fibromuscular dysplasia in an 82-yr-old Korean female cadaver during a routine dissection course. In the present case, intracranial hypoplasia in left vertebral artery and bilateral origin of posterior inferior cerebellar artery at the vertebrobasilar junction were recognized. Histopathologically, left vertebral artery showed intimal type of fibromuscular dysplasia both in its extracranial and intracranial courses. These results indicate that the association of fibromuscular dysplasia and hypoplasia does exist in the vertebral artery, although the etiologies are not verified yet.
Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Fibromuscular Dysplasia/*pathology ; Heart Ventricles/abnormalities/*pathology ; Humans ; Republic of Korea ; Vertebral Artery/*pathology

BACKGROUND: In an effort t enhance long term patency of coronary bypass grafts, utilization of arterial conduits have been on an icrease. With the same objective, we have been using the right gastroepiploic artery (RGEA) in coronary artery bypass procedures since 1998. The current paper has been undertaken with the aim of assessing the apropriateness, problems, and short term results of using the RGEA as an arterial graft conduit by studying the postoperative clinical results of 100 patients than received coronary artery bypass grafting (CARG) with this artery. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Between May of 1998 and May of 1999, an analysis of the mortality, postoperative myocardial infarction, and the need for IABP insertion as a result of low cardiac output were made between 100 consecutive patients undergoing CABG with the RGEA. There was one postoperative death due to cerebral infarction. Postoperative complications/morbidity comprised myocardial infarction in 2, cerebral infarct in 3, reoperation due to bleeding in 1, mediastinitis in 1, and low cardiac output syndrome necessitating IABP in 3 patients. Complicatons related to harvesting of the arterial grafts were not experienced in any of the patients. CONCLUSION: The results of the current data show that utilization of the RGEA in CABG is not associated with increased mortality/morbidity and demonstrates satisfactory short term results suggesting the usefulnessof this conduit as an arterial graft.
Arteries ; Cardiac Output, Low ; Cerebral Infarction ; Coronary Artery Bypass* ; Coronary Vessels* ; Gastroepiploic Artery* ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Mediastinitis ; Mortality ; Myocardial Infarction ; Reoperation ; Transplants

With development of digital dentistry, the 3-dimensional (3D) manufacturing industry using computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) has grown dramatically in recent years. Denture fabrication using digital method is also increasing due to the recent development of digital technology in dentistry. The 3D manufacturing process can be categorized into 2 types: subtractive manufacturing (SM) and additive manufacturing (AM). SM, such as milling is based on cutting away from a solid block of materal. AM, such as 3D printing, is based on adding the material layer by layer. AM enables the fabrication of complex structures that are difficult to mill. In this case, additive manufacturing method was applied to the fabrication of the resin-based complete denture to a 80 year-old patient. During the follow-up periods, the denture using digital method has provided satisfactory results esthetically and functionally.
Computer-Aided Design ; Dentistry ; Denture, Complete ; Dentures ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Methods ; Printing, Three-Dimensional

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: The screws of dental implant, having various thread types, can be categorized into different classes by their geometrical form, and each type transmits dissimilar amount and form of stress to alveolar bone. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to find an inclination angle of the screw thread that is favorable in distributing the stresses to alveolar bone. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this study, We used three dimensional finite element analysis with modeling having three types of thread inclination angles and fixed pitch-0.8 mm (single thread type with 3.8 degrees inclination, double thread type with 7.7 degrees inclination, triple thread type with 11.5 degrees inclination). RESULTS: The results obtained from this study were as follows; 1. When the number of thread increased, the amount of Von-Mises stress was reduced since the generated stress was effectively distributed. 2. Since the maximum principal stress affects on the alveolar bone can influence deeply on the longevity of the implants when comparing the magnitude of the maximum principal stress double thread had least amount of stress. This shows that the double thread screw gave best result. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, double, and triple thread screws were found to be more effective on distribution of the stress than the single thread screws. But, increasing in the thread inclination angle such as triple thread screw relate on the magnitude of the maximum principal stress affecting on the alveolar bone can become problematic. Thus, effective combination of thread number and thread inclination angle can help prolonging the longevity of implant.
Dental Implants ; Finite Element Analysis* ; Longevity

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to find an inclination slope of the screw thread that is favorable in distributing the stresses to alveolar bone by using three dimensional finite element analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three types modelling changed implant thread with fixed pitch of 0.8 mm is the single thread implant with 3.8degrees inclination, double thread implant with 7.7degrees inclination and the triple thread implant with 11.5degrees inclination. And three types implant angulation is the 0degrees, 10degrees and 15degrees on alveolar bone. The 9 modelling fabricated for three dimensional finite element analysis that restored prosthesis crown. The crown center applied on 200 N vertical load and 15degrees tilting load. RESULTS: 1. The more tilting of implant angulation, the more Von-Mises stress and Max principal stress is increasing. 2. Von-Mises stress and Max principal stress is increasing when applied 15degrees tilting load than vertical load on the bone. 3. When the number of thread increased, the amount of Von-Mises stress, Max principal stress was reduced since the generated stress was effectively distributed. 4. Since the maximum principal stress affects on the alveolar bone can influence deeply on the longevity of the implants. When comparing the magnitude of the maximum principal stress, the triple thread implant had a least amount of stress. This shows that the triple thread implant gave a best result. CONCLUSION: A triple thread implant to increase in the thread slope inclination and number of thread is more effective on the distribution of stress than the single and double thread implants especially, implant angulation is more tilting than 10degrees on alveolar bone. Thus, effective combination of thread number and thread slope inclination can help prolonging the longevity of implant.
Crowns ; Finite Element Analysis ; Longevity ; Prostheses and Implants