Background: This study was conducted to evaluate the potential of using ChatGPT in dental morphology education. Dentalmorphology is a fundamental subject in dental education that enables students to understand the structure and function of teeth, which is necessary for accurate diagnosis and treatment planning. Recently, artificial intelligence (AI) technology has gained attention as an educational support tool, and large language models like ChatGPT hold great potential to facilitate learners’ understanding through real-time interaction. Methods: This study involved asking GPT-4 questions from the national dental hygiene exam’s dental morphology section from 2021 to 2023, followed by an analysis of its response accuracy. Results: The results showed that GPT-4 demonstrated high accuracy in some questions but lacked consistency depending on thedifficulty and content of the questions. Specifically, GPT-4 was found to struggle with understanding complex tooth morphology and detailed academic concepts. Conclusion These findings suggest that ChatGPT could be a useful educational tool in dental morphology education, althoughsupplementary educational adjustments are necessary. Future research should explore developing a learning environment where AI and educators collaborate to address AI limitations and enhance students’ learning motivation and comprehension.

Background: This study was conducted to evaluate the potential of using ChatGPT in dental morphology education. Dentalmorphology is a fundamental subject in dental education that enables students to understand the structure and function of teeth, which is necessary for accurate diagnosis and treatment planning. Recently, artificial intelligence (AI) technology has gained attention as an educational support tool, and large language models like ChatGPT hold great potential to facilitate learners’ understanding through real-time interaction. Methods: This study involved asking GPT-4 questions from the national dental hygiene exam’s dental morphology section from 2021 to 2023, followed by an analysis of its response accuracy. Results: The results showed that GPT-4 demonstrated high accuracy in some questions but lacked consistency depending on thedifficulty and content of the questions. Specifically, GPT-4 was found to struggle with understanding complex tooth morphology and detailed academic concepts. Conclusion These findings suggest that ChatGPT could be a useful educational tool in dental morphology education, althoughsupplementary educational adjustments are necessary. Future research should explore developing a learning environment where AI and educators collaborate to address AI limitations and enhance students’ learning motivation and comprehension.

Background: This study was conducted to evaluate the potential of using ChatGPT in dental morphology education. Dentalmorphology is a fundamental subject in dental education that enables students to understand the structure and function of teeth, which is necessary for accurate diagnosis and treatment planning. Recently, artificial intelligence (AI) technology has gained attention as an educational support tool, and large language models like ChatGPT hold great potential to facilitate learners’ understanding through real-time interaction. Methods: This study involved asking GPT-4 questions from the national dental hygiene exam’s dental morphology section from 2021 to 2023, followed by an analysis of its response accuracy. Results: The results showed that GPT-4 demonstrated high accuracy in some questions but lacked consistency depending on thedifficulty and content of the questions. Specifically, GPT-4 was found to struggle with understanding complex tooth morphology and detailed academic concepts. Conclusion These findings suggest that ChatGPT could be a useful educational tool in dental morphology education, althoughsupplementary educational adjustments are necessary. Future research should explore developing a learning environment where AI and educators collaborate to address AI limitations and enhance students’ learning motivation and comprehension.

Epstein-Barr virus rarely causes encephalitis which has a benign outcome. About 90% of children have a benign clinical course without neurologic sequelae. However, 10% have residual persistent deficits and a mortality rate of up to 10% has also been reported. An 11-month-old boy was admitted after general weakness and poor oral intake. On day 7 of hospitalization, three vomiting episodes occurred and followed by a seizure. Brain T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a hyperintensity with mild diffusion restriction in the cortex and subcortical white matter of the bilateral frontal, parietal, and occipital lobes. Analysis of a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) sample revealed WBC count of 10 /microL (neutrophils 21%, lymphocytes 78%), red blood cell count of 19,000 /uL. CSF EBV polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was positive. Positive results were also obtained for serum EBV viral capsid antigen (VCA) IgM (>4 U/mL), IgG (>8 U/mL), EBV Ebstein Barr nuclear antigen (EBNA) IgG (>8 U/mL). Despite therapy with acyclovir, phenobarbital and steroids, a brain MRI conducted on day 34 showed extensive parenchymal volume atrophy and secondary ventricular dilatation, diffuse progressive signal change in the entire cerebrum and diffuse gyral enhancement in the entire cerebrum. The patient was discharged on day 129 and was transferred to other hospital. After 3month of discharge, the patient's mental status was still drowsy, both arms and legs showed rigidity, and deep tendon reflex were hyperactive. We report an 11-month-old child with rapidly progressive severe encephalitis associated with Epstein-Barr virus.
Acyclovir ; Arm ; Atrophy ; Brain ; Capsid ; Cerebrospinal Fluid ; Cerebrum ; Child ; Diffusion ; Dilatation ; Encephalitis* ; Erythrocyte Count ; Herpesvirus 4, Human* ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; Immunoglobulin M ; Infant ; Leg ; Lymphocytes ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Mortality ; Occipital Lobe ; Phenobarbital ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Rabeprazole ; Reflex, Stretch ; Seizures ; Steroids ; Vomiting

Neonatal cerebral sinovenous thrombosis (CSVT) is a rare disease with severe neurological sequelae. Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) is a key enzyme in the folate cycle, and mutations in MTHFR are associated with vascular diseases. Here, we report the case of a newborn with MTHFR mutation-associated CSVT. Analysis of MTHFR in the patient detected heterozygous C677T (677CT) and A1298C (1298AC) mutations. Analysis of MTHFR in the patient's mother did not detect a C677T (677CC) mutation but detected a homozygous A1298C (1298CC) mutation. Our results suggest that the presence of heterozygous MTHFR C677T and A1298C mutations affect thrombophilic activity in the neonate, resulting in the development of refractory seizure and CSVT. Moreover, presence of the homozygous MTHFR A1298C mutation in the patient's mother, who did not show any symptoms associated with thrombophilic activity, and conditions during gestation may have affected the patient's condition.
Cerebral Infarction ; Folic Acid ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2) ; Mothers ; Pregnancy ; Rare Diseases ; Seizures ; Stroke ; Thrombosis* ; Vascular Diseases

For the evaluation of exercise induced R wave amplitude changes in lead V5 (big up tri, openR) and multiple leads(summation operatorR), we studied 20 normal subjects and 21 ischemic heart disease patients with positive exercise test. All underwent submaximal, multiple leads multistage treadmill exercise testing. 14 to 20 normal subjects(70%) there were decreased R wave amplitude in multiple leads on treadmill exercise testing. 16 of 21 patients(76%) there were increased R wave amplitude on treadmill exercise testing. In normal group, R wave amplitude between rest and exercise was significantly decreased in lead V5 and multiple leads. In patients grous, R wave amplitude between rest and exercise was significantly increased in lead V5 and multiple leads. It is suggested exercise induced R wave amplitude changes probably enhance the diagnostic reliability by ST segment changes on treadmill exercise testing.
Exercise Test* ; Humans ; Myocardial Ischemia

We tested the hypothesis that the extent of necrosis at the initial MRI predicts the subsequent risk of collapse of the femoral head in a randomized clinical trial conducted to compare the core decompression to the conservative treatment. After the initial clinical evaluation including plain roentgenography and MRI, 37 hips of early-stage osteonecrosis (ON) in 33 patients were randomly assigned to core decompression group or conservative treatment group. All the patients were regularly followed by clinical evaluation including plain roentgenography and MRI at three-month intervals. The extent of ON was estimated on the basis of the percentage of abnormal signal intensity in the weight-bearing portion of the femoral head as determined on a combination in coronal aod sagittal MR images. The angle of necrotic portion in mid-coronal image (A) and that in mid-sagittal image (B) were used to quantify the extent of necrotic portion by the formula; (A/180) x (B/180) x 100%. A strong association was observed between the percentage of necrotic portion and the development of collapse. We concluded that the extent of necrotic portion is a major risk factor of the collapse and proposed a systematic method of classifying the percentage of necrotic portion, which might be useful as a predictive index for the fate of early-stage ON.
Classification* ; Decompression ; Head* ; Hip ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Necrosis ; Osteonecrosis* ; Radiography ; Risk Factors ; Weight-Bearing

Purpose: As dementia progresses, cognitive function decreasing leads to memory loss, speech degradation, time and space degradation and judgment degradation, which causes difficulties in carrying out tasks related to daily life. It was said that community-based non-drug intervention therapy for early dementia patients was important to participate in entertainment treatment, including activities such as awareness and exercise therapy, exercise rehabilitation, aerobic exercise, and art. Methods: This study conducted 15 experimental and 15 control groups(experimental group : Fumanet exercise, control group : general occupational therapy) for eight weeks at the Daycare Center in Gyeonggi-do to find out the impact of the Fumanet exercise program on cognitive and depression functions of the elderly. The pre-post evaluation used KGDS, MMSE. Results There were significant differences between the two groups in the function of menopause, memory recall, attention concentration and calculation, and depression, and no significant results were obtatined in memory registration, language function, understanding and fracture. The Fumanet movement was judged to be effective in improving cognitive function and reducing depression for the elderly with dementia.Conclisions: The Fumanet movement was judged to be effective in improving cognitive function and reducing depression for the elderly with dementia.

An outbreak of acute febrile reaction which developed after the administration of teicoplanin was identified in seven patients. Fever, with hypotension in some, developed during or soon after infusion and persisted for several hours. Laboratory abnormalities including leukocytosis and elevation of liver enzymes and creatine phosphokinase in serum were observed for two or three days. Contamination of the drug with endotoxins was identified.
Creatine Kinase ; Drug Contamination ; Endotoxins ; Fever ; Humans ; Hypotension ; Leukocytosis ; Liver ; Teicoplanin*

An outbreak of acute febrile reaction which developed after the administration of teicoplanin was identified in seven patients. Fever, with hypotension in some, developed during or soon after infusion and persisted for several hours. Laboratory abnormalities including leukocytosis and elevation of liver enzymes and creatine phosphokinase in serum were observed for two or three days. Contamination of the drug with endotoxins was identified.
Creatine Kinase ; Drug Contamination ; Endotoxins ; Fever ; Humans ; Hypotension ; Leukocytosis ; Liver ; Teicoplanin*