Clavicle medial end fracture is rare, and it has not been studied extensively. Although there is debate regarding its treatment methods, because of the complications of conservative treatment, surgical treatment has been considered more than conservative treatment. This study describes a surgical method using double-plate fixation for treatment of clavicle medial end fractures in which plates were used on each anterior and superior border according to the anatomical structure of the clavicle. In addition, we report operative results of three patients treated by double-plate fixation.
Clavicle* ; Humans

BACKGROUND: Using c-fos expression one of the immediate early gene, as a marker of altered neuronal response, we investigated the effect of superior cervical ganglion block (SCGB) exhibiting the same effect of SGB of human on the activity of several brain regions which are considered as located on autonomic neural pathway and neuroendocrine axis in rat. METHOD: The 48 Sprague-Dawley strain rats were divided into 4 groups, as saline/stress (control) group, SCGB/stress (tested) group, saline group, SCGB group. Superior cervical ganglion block was conducted in the SCGB/stress group and SCGB group while saline/stress and saline group were sham operated. After then restraint stress was imposed on the animals of SCGB/stress group and saline/stress group. And 2 hour after injection (saline, SCGB group) or restraint stress (saline/stress, SCGB/stress group), c-fos protein (Fos) was localized by immunocytochemistry. RESULTS: Much stronger Fos immunoreactivity was induced in the several brain region of control group rats compared to other three groups and the numbers of Fos positive cell count of tested group were significantly decreased in paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (p<0.01), A5 (p<0.01), raphe pallidus (p<0.05), nucleus tractus solitaius (p<0.01) compared to control group. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrate that superior cervical ganglion block attenuates stress induced neuronal activities of paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, A5, raphe pallidus, nucleus tractus solitarius.
Animals ; Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Brain* ; Cell Count ; Genes, vif ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Neural Pathways ; Neurons ; Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Solitary Nucleus ; Superior Cervical Ganglion*

Kimura's disease is a benign, uncommon, chronic inflammatory condition that usually presents with painless subcutaneous nodules or plaques. Head and neck are the most frequently involved sites in Kimura's disease. Mandible is the most commonly involved, followed by neck, cheek, scalp and forehead. Other possible sites are oral cavity, inguinal area and extremities, but there have been no reports involving the nose, especially the one that looks like a rhinophyma. We describe a case of Kimura's disease presenting like a rhinophyma.
Cheek ; Extremities ; Forehead ; Head ; Mandible ; Mouth ; Neck ; Nose ; Rhinophyma ; Scalp

BACKGROUND: The spectrum of bacteria causing diarrhea is highly affected by geographic area, sanitation, travel, food consumption, and previous antibiotic use. A nationwide databank for stool cultures is undeveloped. The aim of our study was to investigate the current prevalence of gastroenteritis bacterial pathogens in Korea. METHODS: We requested microbiological data via questionnaire emails sent to 98 hospitals. The frequency of each pathogen was acquired from 32 institutes. Numbers of stool cultures performed ranged from 193 to 14,296 (mean 2,724, SD 3,261) in 2015. RESULTS: Among 86,744 requested stool specimens, 917 (1.06%, range 0-4.59%, 95% confidence interval 0.63-1.48%) were positive. Salmonella was most prevalent (59.0%), followed by Candida (12.4%), Campylobacter (4.8%), Staphylococcus aureus (4.0%), Vibrio (4.0%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1.75). Yersinia (0.3%) and Shigella (0.2%) were rarely isolated. CONCLUSION: As the positive rate of the stool cultures is very low (1.06%), more effort and concern should be provided to enhance the isolation of pathogens. Salmonella was the most prevalent pathogen and Campylobacter and Vibrio were relatively common pathogens causing bacterial gastroenteritis in Korea.
Academies and Institutes ; Bacteria* ; Campylobacter ; Candida ; Diarrhea ; Electronic Mail ; Gastroenteritis ; Korea* ; Prevalence* ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; Salmonella ; Sanitation ; Shigella ; Staphylococcus aureus ; Vibrio ; Yersinia

The purpose of this study was to improve bone formation and shorten the period involved in distraction osteogenesis using sodium fluoride (NaF). This has been used in managing osteoporosis for several decades. This study was carried out on 40 New Zealand white rabbits. Twenty animals were used for a control group (no medication) and 20 for the experimental group. NaF 1 mg/kg/day was administered to each experimental animal via drinking water beginning 4 weeks prior to surgery and continued until sacrifice for examination. A distraction device was applied to the left mandible along a plane perpendicular to the direction of osteotomy. After a 5-day latent period, the mandibles were lengthened at 1 mm per 24 hours for 10 days. Five rabbits from each group were sacrificed on the 1st day, 2nd week, 4th week and 8th week of the consolidation period. After lengthening, all the rabbits developed a severe cross-bite. By the 4th week, cortical continuity was seen. Bone densities at the site of bony lengthening were measured by quantitative computer tomography (QCT) and dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The results were as follows: the measurements of the experimental group were significantly higher than of the control group by the 1st day of the consolidation period (p>0.05) and insignificantly higher after the 2nd week. Histologically, in the experimental group, there were more osteoblasts, increased and thickened trabeculae and more mature lamellar bones than in the control group. This study showed that osteogenesis of the experimental group was significantly higher during and immediately after distraction. Our study suggested that the use of NaF could improve bone formation and decrease the period of distraction osteogenesis if a safe dose and method of fluoride administration can be determined for growing humans.
Absorptiometry, Photon ; Animals ; Bone Density ; Drinking Water ; Fluorides ; Humans ; Mandible* ; Osteoblasts ; Osteogenesis ; Osteogenesis, Distraction* ; Osteoporosis ; Osteotomy ; Rabbits* ; Sodium Fluoride* ; Sodium*

Papuloerythroderma of Ofuji (PEO) is an uncommon entity of unknown etiology, characterized by coalescing erythematous papules sparing skin folds. A number of cases have described the association of this disorder with malignant with pathology, mainly with cutaneous T cell lymphoma. Such reports give rise to the suggestion that PEO may be a precursor of lymphoma or a form of cutaneous T cell lymphoma. We report a case of PEO, which was diagnosed as cutaneous T-cell lymphoma only 2 months after the development of skin lesions, and rapidly progressed. This case suggests the presence of a variant of cutaneous T cell lymphoma with clinical feature of PEO, which is different from mycosis fungoides or S zary syndrome.
Lymphoma ; Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous* ; Lymphoma, T-Cell, Peripheral ; Mycosis Fungoides ; Pathology ; Skin

Purpose: The importance of laboratory screening tests for female commercial sex workers (FCSWs) has been well documented to reduce the prevalence of chlamydial complications. A rapid test has been one of the standard chlamydial tests performed in Korean health centers. Although the process of the rapid test is simple, the sensitivity is inconsistent. Therefore, we evaluated the efficacy of QuickVue chlamydial detection kits, which is one of the rapid tests, by comparing this assay to an in-house polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Materials and Methods: A total of 410 endo-cervical samples were consecutively collected in one health center. A rapid test was performed by using a QuickVue kit. Genomic DNA was extracted from cotton swabs. The cryptic plasmid of C. trachomatis from the genomic DNA was amplified by the PCR method. Results: The overall sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of the rapid test were 21%, 99%, 89% and 83%, respectively, based on the PCR results. Study of the serial dilutions of reference inclusion forming units (IFU) showed that the rapid test only detected chlamydial infections that had high counts of IFUs. Conclusions: The rapid test is not good enough to detect chlamydial infection in FCSWs. Instead, a gene amplification test should be used for detecting chlamydial infections in FCSWs.
Chlamydia trachomatis* ; Chlamydia* ; DNA ; Female* ; Genes, vif ; Humans ; Mass Screening ; Plasmids ; Point-of-Care Systems ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Prevalence ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Sex Workers*

BACKGROUND: Prolonged transport or poor accessibility of blood culture equipment during night time may cause delayed entry of blood culture bottles. The effect of prestorage conditions on time to detection (TTD) for the blood culture was evaluated for the important gram-negative lactose nonfermentative bacteria. METHODS: Three different clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and Burkholdera cepacia were diluted to 150 CFU/mL and 15 CFU/mL and inoculated into standard aerobic bottles. These were stored at 25℃ and at 37℃ for 0, 6, 12, 18, and 24 h. They were entered to BacT/Alert 3D Systems (bio-Mérieux Inc.) and TTD was monitored for each condition. RESULTS: At the 150 CFU/mL concentration, P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii showed false-negative for the bottles prestored at 37℃ for 18 h and 24 h, respectively. However, there was no false-negative for S. maltophilia or B. cepacia at any prestorage conditions. There was a significant decrease of TTD for all experimental microorganisms except P. aeruginosa prestored for 24 h either at 25℃ or at 37℃ (P< 0.05). CONCLUSION: Delayed entry may cause false-negative, especially for the high level of bacteremia of P. aeruginosa or A. baumannii when the bottles are stored at 37℃ for ≥18 h. TTD could be reduced by prestorage of the bottles at 37℃ until 12 h without false-negative for nonfermentative bacteria.
Acinetobacter baumannii ; Bacteremia ; Bacteria ; Lactose* ; Pseudomonas ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; Sepsis ; Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

No abstract available.
Coronary Vessels*

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the biodurability of the covering material in retrievable metallic stents covered with polycarbonate polyurethane. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using a peristaltic pump at a constant rate of 1ml/min, bile was recirculated from a reservoir through a long tube containing four stents. Each of these was removed from the system every two weeks and a radial tensile strength test and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were performed. Each stent, removed at 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks, was compared with a control stent not exposed to bile juice. RESULTS: Gross examination showed that stents were intact at 2 weeks, but at 4, 6 and 8 weeks cracks were observed. The size of these increased gradually in accordance with the duration of exposure, and at 8 weeks several large holes in the polyurethane membrane were evident. With regard to radial tensile strength, extension and peak load at break were 84.47% and 10.030 N/mm, 54.90% and 6.769 N/mm, 16.55% and 2.452 N/mm, 11.21% and 1.373 N/mm at 0, 2, 4 and 6 weeks, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy at 2 weeks revealed intermittent pitting and cracking, and examination at 4, 6 and 8 weeks showed that the size of these defects was gradually increasing. CONCLUSION: When the polyurethane membrane was exposed to bile, biodegradation was first observed at week two and increased gradually according to the duration of exposure.
Bile Acids and Salts/physiology ; Biodegradation ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning/*instrumentation ; Phantoms, Imaging ; *Polyurethanes ; *Stents ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Tensile Strength ; Time Factors