This study was conducted to evaluate the differences of scores in overall health-promoting behavior between residents in the Seoul area and rural inhabitants : and to examine the relationship between socio-demographic characteristics and the level of practical performance of the six dimension subscales of the Health-Promoting Lifestyles Profile (HPLP). Data were collected by questionnaire survey over a period of 2 months from July 1st to August 31st, 1997. Subjects chosen for this study consisted of 170 individuals, including 85 Seoul dwellers and 85 rural occupants in Korea. These were sampled from the Seoul and the local adult populations, using a random sampling method. However, the actual number of subjects put into the analyses was 151, including 68 Seoul residents and 83 rural inhabitants. Data were analysed by the SAS program. Statistical methods employed for this study were frequency, t-test, one/two-way ANOVA and MANOVA. The results were as follows : 1. It was revealed that there was a statistically significant difference between Seoul dwellers and rural inhabitants in the scores of health promoting life style activities, that is, Seoul area and rural inhabitants ; and to examine the relationship between socio-demographic characteristics and the level of practical performance of the six dimension subscales of the Health-Promoting Lifestyles Profile (HPLP). Data were collected by questionnaire survey over a period of 2 months from July 1st August 31st, 1997. Subjects chosen for this study consisted of 170 individuals, including 85 Seoul dwellers and 85 rural occupants in Korea. These were sampled from the Seoul and the local adult populations, using a random sampling method. However, the actual number of subjects put into the analyses was 151, including 68 Seoul residents and 83 rural inhabitants. Data were analysed by the SAS program. Statistical methods employed for this study were frequency, t-test, one/two-way ANOVA and MANOVA. The results were as follows : 1. It was revealed that there was a statistically significant difference between Seoul dwellers and rural inhabitants in the scores of health promoting life style activities, that is, Seoul occupants had higher scores in overall health promoting life styles than did the local residents. 2. The male population showed higher scores in overall health promoting life styles including self-actualization, health responsibility, interpersonal support and stress management than did the female. 3. The middle aged group (40-49 year old) showed higher scores in overall health promoting life styles than any other age group. 4. The married sample showed higher scores in health responsibility and nutrition than did the unmarried, the divorced, or the widowee/widower. The scores were almost the same between the married and the unmarried group, even though the unmarried group had slightly higher scores in self-actualization, exercise, interpersonal support, and stress management of the HPLP than did the married. 5. Public officials and clerical workers showed higher scores in overall health promoting lifestyles than did the others including house wives, farmers, business-men, or professionals. But in the analysis of mutual interactions of both age and occupation, business-men, merchants, public officials and clerical workers in 40-49 years of age with their health responsibility showed higher scores in overall health promoting lifestyles than did the others, while professionals showed lower scores relatively. While professionals showed lower scores relatively. 6. A person who earned over 1,500,000 Won as a monthly income showed higher scores in overall health promoting life styles than the person who earned under 1,500,000 Won, 7. A statistical significance was not found in the difference between the socio-demographic variables, such as levels of education and HPLP scores in overall health promoting life styles. These findings differed from the existing previous study's results in which the higher educational levels contributed to the health promoting behaviors. Therefore, the author suggested that the level of formal education can not playn and important role in the practical performance of health promoting behaviors, at present, because of the more effective community-based health education through the mass media such as TV and video.
Adult ; Divorce ; Education ; Female ; Health Education ; Humans ; Korea* ; Life Style* ; Male ; Mass Media ; Middle Aged ; Occupations ; Seoul ; Single Person ; Spouses ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the important factors on juvenile delinquency and to examine relationships between sex, age, the family environment, the personality of adolescents, smoking, and juvenile delinquency. Methods: Data collection was done through questionnaire surveys. The subjects for this study consisted of 1,948 adolescents delinquents : 784, students : 1,164 in Korea, using proportional stratified random sampling method. Statistical methods employed were chi-square, t-test and path analysis. Results: The results of this study were as follows : 1. The delinquent adolescents were reared in a more dysfunctional family environment, and had a higher maladaptive personality than the other student adolescents. 2. The delinquent adolescents showed the larger amount of smoking than the student adolescents. The cause of increased smoking tendency among delinquents simply were 'for social relation', 'for diversion', 'for nicotine addiction', whereas 'for tension relieving' among non-delinquent adolescents. 3. The most powerful contributors on delinquent behavior were antisocial personality tendencies, smoking, sex, strength of parent- child relationships, and the age of the adolescents in this order. Conclusions: Our cross-sectional findings indicate that smoking was one of the most powerful contributing variables to delinquent behavior, but family environment, personality, sex and age of adolescents were also proved to be strong exogenous variables to smoking in adolescents.
Adolescent* ; Antisocial Personality Disorder ; Child ; Data Collection ; Humans ; Juvenile Delinquency ; Korea ; Nicotine ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Smoke* ; Smoking*

Orthopantomogram is commonly used to evaluate root parallelism. "Good parallelism" between roots is widely accepted as one of the guidelines of a successful orthodontic treatment. In case there was a large angle between crown axis and root axis, and if we valued only the position of crown in establishing occlusal relationship without considering of the situation of root, the problem of root arrangement between adjacent teeth would be occurred. The estimate of root parallelism in mesiodistal direction before and after orthodontic treatment must be emphasized. The intent of this study was to determine the clinical importance and correlation of the angle between crown axis and root axis. Orthopantomograms of 105 orthodontic patients being treated in Yonsei university were used in this study. Twenty-eight teeth in both maxilla and mandible were selected and analyzed quantitively to evaluate the angle between crown axis and root axis, and obtain the correlationship among the individual teeth. The results are as follows: 1. Among the teeth presenting normal distribution, the maxillary right canine showed the largest mean valuer 5.73+/-4.42degrees), which was composed of the crown-root angles, and the mandibular left lateral incisor showed the smallest mean valuer 0.60+/-3.76degrees). 2. The crown-root angles of the maxillary incisors and the first molars, and the mandibular central incisors and the first molars didn`t show normal distribution and the ranges of these angles were dispersed. 3. Significant differences were present between the crown axis and the root axis except for lower first premolars. (p<0.05) 4. No significant difference was present for the crown-root angle between right and left side. (p<0.05) 5. No significant difference was present for the crown-root angle between male and female except for lower left first premolar. (p<0.05) 6. In the upper right quadrant, significant correlations were present between crown-root angles of the central incisor and lateral incisor, lateral incisor and canine. In the upper left quadrant, significant correlations were present between crown-root angles of the central incisor and lateral incisor. In the lower right quadrant, significant correlations were present between crown-root angles of the central incisor and lateral incisor, first molar and second molar. In the lower left quadrant, significant correlations were present between crown-root angles of the central incisor and lateral incisor, lateral incisor and canine, first molar and second molar. (p<0.05)
Axis, Cervical Vertebra* ; Bicuspid ; Crowns* ; Female ; Humans ; Incisor ; Male ; Mandible ; Maxilla ; Molar ; Tooth

OBJECTIVE: Base on clinical practice, the authors report a case of tardive dyskinesia arising during the course of treatment with resperidal. METHODS: This article was review and analysis of a case on risperidone-induced tardive dyskinea. RESULTS: Mrs K, a 51-year-old women with a 1-year history of schizophrenic disorder, gradually developed tardive dyskinetic movement of the mouth, lip, and tongue over a 4 month period(From July 1996 to June 1997) while taking risperidone. Initially she was treated with haloperidol and alprazolam. However, the haloperidol was subsequently discontinued because of EPS developed. From 11th March 1997, she was observed to have a severe form of tardive dyskinesia involving her tongue, lip, and mouth. After risperidone was withdrawn at 9th May 1997, her tardive dyskinetic movement was disappeared. CONCLUSIONS: This is, to our knowledge, the first report of the onset of tardive dyskinesia in a patient taking risperidone. However, additional controlled studies of specific questions are needed ; e.g., the dose-response curves for produce tardive dyskinesia and the mechanism of producing risperidone-induced tardive dyskinea and so on.
Alprazolam ; Female ; Haloperidol ; Humans ; Lip ; Middle Aged ; Mouth ; Movement Disorders* ; Risperidone ; Schizophrenia ; Tongue

The purpose of this study was to test the theoretical model designed to explain juvenile delinquency by media violence. Data were collected through questionnaire survey over a period of 3 months. Subjects served for this study consisted of 537 adolescents including 217 delinquent adolescents and 320 student adolescents in Korea, sampled from Korean student population and delinquent adolescent population confined in juvenile correctional institutions, using proportional stratified random sampling method. In this study, exogeneous variable was family dynamic environment and endogeneous variables were character of adolescent including need satisfaction/ frustration, sociability, antisocial personality tendency, complaints of psychosomatic symptoms and depressive trend, juvenile delinquent behavior and media violence themes including the extent of interest in and exposure and modelling impulsiveness and modelling to media violence themes. A total of 18 instruments were used to operationalized concepts in this model. A validation study indicated that internal consistencies for the 18 instruments which the researcher used were reliable. The one month test-retest correlation for these instruments ranged from 0.54 to 0.88. Statistical methods employed were descriptive statistics and covariance structural modelling. In summarized conclusion, it was found that media violence served as the most contributor to juvenile delinquency by direct effect of 0.64(t=10.18). That is, as the adolescents have to be the higher extent of interest in and exposure and modelling impulsiveness and modelling to media violence themes, they will show the more frequency of delinquent behavior. The single most powerful contributor by total effect of 0.73(t=7.90) (direct effect=0.19, indirect effect=0.54) to the development of delinquent behavior identified in this study was a construct defining family dynamic environment. That is, as the adolescents had to be more unstable family dynamic environment, they became more frustrated to their psychological need, and revealed the more maladaptive personality pattern, consequently they behaved the higher misconducts such as juvenile delinquency through media violence.
Adolescent ; Antisocial Personality Disorder ; Frustration ; Humans ; Juvenile Delinquency ; Korea ; Models, Structural* ; Models, Theoretical ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Violence*

The purpose of this study was to examine the correlation between juvenile alcohol use and their criminal patterns. The data were collected through questionnaire surveys. Subjects serving for this study were 971 delinquent adolescents in Korea, sampled from 6 juvenile corrective institutions and 2 classification judging institutions, using a census method. Their age range was between 12 and 21. Data were analysed by IBM PC using SAS program. Statistical methods employed were Chi-square and frequency analysis. 1. Of 877 respondents, the number of adolescents committed criminal behaviors while the intoxicated were 230(26.2%), and 647(73.8%) were in a non-intoxicated state. 2. Adolescent under intoxication showed a higher rate of aggressive crimes and assault crimes, whereas adolescents under the non-influence of liquor tended to commit property crimes and Violations of criminal special law. Drunken under intoxication showed the higher rate of aggressive crimes and assault crimes, whereas adolescents under the non drunken state. Most crimes have happened without any tools in both group. 3. In comparison of the alcohol user and the non-user, most alcohol-related crimes among adolescents were committed at AM 0:00 to AM 4:00 during the weekend in the dark, cloudy, and stormy rainy day, while non-alcohol related crimes were at a afternoon of weekday in the clear day. The places that the criminal activities occurred were streets, amusement places such as disco-theque, fields and their own house among alcohol users, whereas victim's house, another person's house and restaurant were chosen among non-alcohol users. 4. The victims assaulted by juvenile offenders in both drunken and non-drunken state were mostly passer-by(65.4%), followed by their friends(25.1%). And the conditions of victims showed a significant differences between the drunken adolescents and the non-drunken adolescents. The victim's conditions assaulted by intoxicated delinquent adolescents were in quarreling or drunken state, whereas non-alcohol related crimes were directed against victims in a sleeping or irresistible state. 5. Almost over the half of delinquent adolescents perceived their delinquency as wrong behaviors, and alcohol non-user tended to more significantly perceive their criminal acts as wrong conducts. About the half of respondents answered that they committed their criminal acts in spite of having a very good judgement while doing crimes, the author did not found a significant difference between the two groups. The reasons given for crimes were manifested as follows: it can be seen that to get money for amusements'(30.4% of all motives) were most common. followed by to commit accidentally the offences'(23.8%). curiosity or heroism'(18.9%). alcohol related crimes tended to be accidental and impulsively without any clear planning, while non-alcohol related crimes tended to be purposeful, directed to make money, motivated by curiosity or a desire to live heroically. In Conclusions, the correlation between alcohol use and juvenile criminal behaviors has been examined in this study. Generally, alcohol use had been found to be highly correlated with aggressive assault crimes including robbery, burglary and rape etc.
Adolescent ; Censuses ; Classification ; Crime ; Criminals* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Exploratory Behavior ; Humans ; Jurisprudence ; Korea* ; Rape ; Restaurants

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the rate of suicidal attempts, investigate difference of rate of suicidal attempts between students and delinquents, and examine correlation between personality, family dynamics, environment, and suicidal attempts among Korean adolescents. METHOD: Data were collected through questionnaire surveys. Internal consistencies for this questionnaire ranged from 0.63 to 0.88. The subject used in this study consisted of 922(delinquent : 367, student : 555), using the proportional stratified random sampling method. Statistical methods employed were Chi-square and t-test. RESULTS: 1) The rate of suicidal attempts were 10.8%, and the highest peak age of suicidal attempt was 17-18 year old (16.9%).2) Delinquents(19.6%) showed a higher rate of suicidal attempts than students (5.1%). Among the students, girls (43.3%) showed a higher rate of suicidal attempt than boys (19.1%). Whereas, boys (80.9%) showed a higher rate of suicidal attempt than girls (56.7%) among delinquents.3) Those who attempt suicide have more familial problem such as incest, psychosis, depression, attempted suicide, committed suicide, and alcoholism in their family. They also have more dysfunctional family dynamics, environment, and maladaptive personalities than non-attempters. CONCLUSIONS: Suicide and suicidal behaviors are multifaceted events. For suicide prevention, independent assessments of variables such as familial problems, personality, family dynamics, and environment must be considered.
Adolescent* ; Alcoholism ; Depression ; Female ; Humans ; Incest ; Psychotic Disorders ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Suicide ; Suicide, Attempted ; Tobacco Use Cessation Products

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the present study was to identify predictors of juvenile recidivism in Korea. METHOD: As a questionnaire survey, subjects served for this study consisted of 546 delinquents adolescents including 246 one-time delinquent and 300 recidivists in Korea, sampled from Korean delinquent adolescents, using the proportional stratified random sampling method. Data were analysed by the SAS program. Statistical methods employed were t-test and logistic regression analysis, etc. RESULTS: The juvenile recidivists showed the higher dysfunctional family dynamic environment than one-time delinquent. The juvenile recidivist showed the more maladaptive personality character than one-time delinquent. The predictors of juvenile recidivism were age at first-committing delinquent behavior, parent-child relationship, sociability and aggressive impulsiveness, in descending order. Among these predictors, the strongest predictor was age factor. That is, age at first-committing delinquent behavior showed 0.46 of odds ratio. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, it was found that age of adolescent at first-committing delinquent behavior served as the strongest predictor of juvenile recidivism among Korean adolescents. That is, the adolescents committed first delinquent at younger age showed higher rate of recidivism in Korea.
Adolescent ; Age Factors ; Humans ; Korea* ; Logistic Models ; Odds Ratio ; Parent-Child Relations ; Surveys and Questionnaires

No abstract available.
Humans

OBJECTIVES: Our objectives were to examine the differences of coping strategies, sexual abuse, physical abuse, and psychosomatic symptoms between student adolescents and delinquent adolescents and to explore the extent of influence of psychosomatic symptoms and coping strategies to delinquent behavior among Korean adolescents. METHODS: The research design of this study was cross-sectional nation-wide survey using Mental Health Questionnaire for Korean Adolescents(MHQKA). Subjects serving for this study were consisted of 2,086 including 1,230 student adolescents and 856 delinquents adolescents, using the proportional stratified random sampling method. Their age range was from 12 to 18. Data were analysed by IBM computer using SAS program. Statistical methods employed for this study were Cronbach's Alpha for reliability, chi2, t-test and path analysis etc. RESULTS: The results of this study were as follows : (1) Delinquent adolescents showed the more sexual abuse, physical abuse, psychosomatic symptom I, II, III and IV than student adolescents. (2) Delinquent adolescents showed the more negative coping strategies such as cognitive avoidance, behavioral avoidance, and consequently higher delinquent behavior than student adolescents. (3) The most powerful contributing variables on delinquent behavior among Korean adolescents were sexual abuse, psychosomatic symptom I, physical abuse, behavioral avoidance coping strategies, cognitive avoidance coping strategies in this order named. CONCLUSION: The results of the present study confirmed the relationship between psychosomatic symptoms and coping strategies and delinquent behavior. However, in view of the cross-sectional study character of the present study one needs to be cautious in interpretation on the relationship between psychosomatic symptoms and coping strategies and delinquent behavior. Several potential processes may underlie the relationship among these variables.
Adolescent* ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Humans ; Mental Health ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Research Design ; Sex Offenses