Breast cancer is the most common malignancy of women in industrialized countries and the third in Korean women. There have been a lot of studies on biologic behaviors as well as on the prognostic factors of the breast cancer. In this study, the expression of hormone receptors (estrogen receptor ; ER, progesterone receptor ; PR, and androgen receptor ; AR), bcl-2 and Rb proteins were immunostained on 60 infiltrating ductal carcinomas of the breast. The results were evaluated in relation with the age, histologic grade, tumor size, and status of lymph node metastasis. The expression of ER and PR had a significant inverse correlation with the histologic grade (p<0.001). The expression of AR was significantly correlated with the expression of ER (p=0.039) and PR (p=0.009), but not with other factors such as age, histologic grade, tumor size, and status of lymph node metastasis. There was no relationship between bcl-2 protein expresssion and other prognostic factors, except with the expression of ER. Rb protein expression had a significant positive relationship with PR (p=0.05) and the degree of positivity was correlated with histologic grade (p=0.002). In conclusion, this result suggests that expression of AR is well correlated with ER and PR. bcl-2 has no prognostic value. The significance of Rb protein expression remained to be studied.
Breast Neoplasms ; Breast* ; Carcinoma, Ductal ; Developed Countries ; Female ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Receptors, Androgen* ; Receptors, Progesterone ; Retinoblastoma Protein*

Xanthoma disseminatum (XD) is one of cutaneous nonhistiocytosis X, and characterized by multiple, widely distributed red, brown, yellowish papules and nodules that tend to coalesce. We present a case of XD with characteristic clinical findings and treated with the combination therapy of COz laser vaporization and high dose steroid.
Histiocytosis, Non-Langerhans-Cell* ; Laser Therapy ; Lasers, Gas* ; Volatilization* ; Xanthomatosis*

Cytokeratin 7 has been known to be present in various types of human epithelial cells including the ovarian neoplasms, but not in colon cancers. The antibody to colon ovarian tumor antigen (COTA) has been introduced as a marker of colon and ovarian tumors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of cytokeratin 7 and COTA in the differential diagnosis between ovarian primary and metastatic tumors. Nineteen primary ovarian epithelial tumors, seven metastatic carcinomas of the ovary from the stomach, three metastatic carcinomas of the ovary from the colon, one mucinous tumor of the ovary associated with a mucinous tumor of the appendix and pseudomyxoma peritonei, and nineteen colonic and twenty gastric adenocarcinomas were stained with monoclonal antibodies to cytokeratin 7 and COTA. The results are summerized as follows; In the primary ovarian tumors, 94.4% were positive for cytokeratin 7 and 50% were positive for COTA. In the primary colonic adenocarcinomas, 94.7% were negative for cytokeratin 7 and 68% were positive for COTA. In the metastatic ovarian tumor from the colonic adenocarcinomas, 100% were negative for cytokeratin 7 and positive for COTA. In the primary gastric adenocarcinomas, 40% were negative for cytokeratin 7 and 85% were negative for COTA. In the metastatic ovarian tumor from the gastric adenocarcinomas, 43% were negative for cytokeratin 7 and 14% were negative for COTA. From the results of this study, it could be concluded that in the differential diagnosis of primary ovarian tumors from metastatic colonic carcinomas, positive reaction for cytokeratin 7 suggests a primary ovarian tumor but a negative reaction for cytokeratin 7 and positive reaction for COTA suggest metastatic colonic carcinomas. The results of this study also reveal that cytokeratin 7 and COTA are not useful in the differential diagnosis of primary ovarian tumors from metastatic gastric carcinomas.
Adenocarcinoma ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Appendix ; Colon* ; Colonic Neoplasms ; Diagnosis, Differential* ; Epithelial Cells ; Female ; Humans ; Keratin-7* ; Keratins* ; Mucins ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; Ovary ; Pseudomyxoma Peritonei ; Stomach

No abstract available.
Epidermal Cyst ; Molluscum Contagiosum ; Molluscum contagiosum virus

No abstract available.
Neurilemmoma* ; Toes*

Annular atrophic lichen planus(AALP) is the most unusual variant of lichen planus that results from elastolytic activity of inflammatory cells. We report a case of AALP in 22-year-old man who had two annular pruritic plaques on the axilla. He had a two year history of skin lesions. Each lesion had elevated erythematous annular border with hyperpigmented atrophic macular center. Histopathologically, it showed typical features of lichen planus in the border of the lesion while a pattern of resolved lichen planus in its center. Elastic fibers was not found in the papillary dermis either at the border or at the center of the lesion.
Axilla ; Dermis ; Elastic Tissue ; Humans ; Lichen Planus* ; Lichens* ; Skin ; Young Adult

Juvenile xanthogranuloma is a congenital or perinatal tumor, 1 to 2 cm in diameter, usually located on the head. The extracutaneous lesions can occur on the eye, the lung, the epicardium, the oral cavity or the testicles. Subcutaneous form of juvenile xanthogranuloma has been reported very rarely in the literature. We report a unique case of a subcutaneous juvenile xanthogranuloma that showed 4 × 4 cm sized plaque and located on the extremity of 9-year-old girl.
Child ; Extremities ; Female ; Head ; Humans ; Lung ; Mouth ; Pericardium ; Testis ; Xanthogranuloma, Juvenile*

Staphylococcus aureus is one of many causative agents of the fu uncles. As the S. aureus strains resistant to penicillinase-repsistant penicillins (methicillin-resistant S. aureus, MRSA) are more frequently isolated, their accuiate identification became a very important step in selection of an appropriate therapeutic regimen. We report herein a case of multiple furunculosis caused by metkicillin-resistant S. aureus in a 11-year-old male patient, who was successfully treated with sulbactam/ampicillin and amikacin.
Amikacin ; Child ; Furunculosis* ; Humans ; Male ; Methicillin Resistance* ; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus ; Penicillins ; Staphylococcus aureus

BACKGROUND: Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) and mutation of the p16 tumor suppressor gene have been detected in non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHLs). Recently, hypermethylation of the p16 gene has been reported. The role of p16 gene alterations in the genesis of NHLs and their high-grade transformations require explanation. METHODS: LOH of D9S171 and IFNA microsatellite markers, DNA hypermethylation, and mutation of exon 1 and 2A were assessed in 43 cases of NHLs. The genetic abnormalities were compared with the protein expression by immunohistochemistry, and they were evaluated according to the histologic subtypes, grades and immunophenotypes. RESULTS: DNA hypermethylation was the most common p16 gene abnormality and was found in 30 of 39 cases (76.9%). Eight cases (18.6%) showed LOH in one or both microsatellite markers, and five cases (11.6%) showed mutations in exon 1 or 2A. Loss of protein expression was seen in 17 cases (39.5%) and was associated with mutation and LOH. Loss of protein was more frequent in high-grade lymphomas than in low-grade lymphomas. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the functional loss of the p16 gene contributes to the development of NHLs, especially to the development of high-grade lymphomas.
DNA ; Exons ; Genes, p16* ; Genes, Tumor Suppressor ; Immunohistochemistry ; Loss of Heterozygosity ; Lymphoma ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin* ; Microsatellite Repeats

A 43-year-old woman presented with numerous cutaneous neurofibromas, limited to the left anterior chest(T2-3) and the right lower back(L1-2). These had been present for 10 years. Neither cafe-au-lait spot, intertriginous freckle, nor Lisch nodule was found. The family history was negative for neurofibromatosis. Biopsy specimens showed circumscribed, nonencapsulated neurofibromas. The present case was a rare form of bilateral segmental neurofibromatosis in that while most of the reported cases involved the same dermatome bilaterally, she had bilaterally different dermatomal neurofibromas.
Adult ; Biopsy ; Cafe-au-Lait Spots ; Female ; Humans ; Melanosis ; Neurofibroma ; Neurofibromatoses*