PURPOSES: We experienced a case of infected cephalhematoma drained spontaneously. So we wanted to review the most appropriate method for investigating cephalhematomas for possible infection and to clarify the indications for the diagnostic aspiration. METHODS: MEDLINE searches were conducted for the period from 1972 to 1997, and all reports were obtained. 15 articles reporting 18 infected cephalhematomas were identified in the literature. We analyzed the medical records in patients according to age: sex ; associated infections especially sepsis or osteomyelitis, risk factors such as scalp electrode or vacuum use, local signs such as increase in size, fluctuation, local redness: organisrns: and radiographic findings. RESULTS: Escherichia coli was isolated from over 50% of the cephalhematomas that were aspirated. Most patients presented with sepsis, meningitis, and/or osteomyelitis. Plain radiographs, bone scans, and enhanced CT scans were limited in their ability to determine if a cephalhematoma was infected unless associated osteomyelitis existed. Local signs of scalp infection, such as increase in size, fluctuation, local redness were obvious in almost all cases. CONCLUSIONS: Aspiration is the diagnostic procedure of choice for cephalhematomas suspected of being infected. The indications for aspiration were increase in size, development of erythema, development of fluctuation, relapse of systemic infection, or a delay in the resolution of clinical symptoms of infection.
Diagnosis ; Electrodes ; Erythema ; Escherichia coli ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Medical Records ; Meningitis ; Osteomyelitis ; Recurrence ; Risk Factors ; Scalp ; Sepsis ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Vacuum

No abstract available.
Heat-Shock Proteins* ; Hot Temperature*

No abstract available.
Heat-Shock Proteins* ; Hot Temperature*

Dermatofibroma with granular cells is composed mainly of spindle shaped cells mixed with in-conspicuous foamy cells that contain granular cytoplasm. We present a case of dermatofibroma with granular cells in a 36-year-old male who visited our clinic to evaluate a slow-growing nodule on the medial side of the left lawer leg. He have had the nodule for five years and sometimes felt an itching sensation. Biopsy of the nodule identified a dermal nodular tumor showing cellular spindle cell proliferation admixed with peripheral foamy histiocytes. With the immunohistochemical staining, the granular cell was positive for alpha-1-antitrypsin and CD68, and negative for S-100. A few electron-dense granules were seen in the cytoplasm on the electronmicroscopic study. These results suggested that the granular cells originated from histiocytes.
Adult ; Biopsy ; Cell Proliferation ; Cytoplasm ; Histiocytes ; Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous* ; Humans ; Leg ; Male ; Pruritus ; Sensation

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to develop a feeding protocol for premature infants and to evaluate the effects of protocol. METHODS: The feeding protocol was developed through a literature review and discussions of an expert group. The developed feeding protocol was tested with 85 preterm infants in one neonatal intensive care unit in B city. A non-equivalent control group non-synchronized design was used. Data were collected from January 1 to April 30, 2013 for the control group and from June 1 to September 30, 2013 for the experimental group. The experimental group (n=38) received the feeding protocol, whereas the control group (n=47) had routine feeding care. Collected data were analyzed by t-test and -test using SPSS/WIN version 18.0. RESULTS: First feeding time (t=2.22, p=.029) and full enteral feeding time (t=2.28, p=.026) were significantly decreased in the experimental group compared to the control group. There was no difference in incidence of complications (p>.05). Also no significant differences in weight reduction rate between the two groups were observed at the 7th postnatal day (t=-1.23, p=.222). CONCLUSION: The results indicate that the feeding protocol for preterm infants is effective in decreasing first feeding time and full enteral feeding time.
Enteral Nutrition ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature* ; Intensive Care, Neonatal ; Weight Loss

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify factors related to level of satisfaction among mothers of preschoolers. METHODS: Participants were 359 mothers of firstborn healthy preschoolers. The questionnaires were collected from August 1 to November 21, 2012. Data were analyzed using SPSS 20.0. RESULTS: The mean score for degree of mothers' parenting satisfaction was 5.94 out of 7. There were significant differences in the level of parenting satisfaction according to mother's job (t=2.48, p=.014), planned pregnancy (t=3.07, p=.002), number of children (t=2.22, p=.027), and parenting education (F=4.33, p=.005). The environmental variables of age of spouse (F=3.06, p=.048) and monthly income of the household (F=2.87, p=.036) also seemed to have an influence. Analysis of predictors such as the mother's job, planned pregnancy, parenting education, overall health problems, parenting stress, perception of emotional status and behaviors in children, age of spouse, and spouse's support explained 31.5% of the variance in mother's parenting satisfaction. CONCLUSION: The results suggest a need to develop nursing intervention programs for parenting stress reduction, and health programs for fathers to support mothers' child rearing.
Child ; Child Rearing ; Education, Nonprofessional ; Family Characteristics ; Family Planning Services ; Fathers ; Humans ; Mothers* ; Nursing ; Parenting* ; Parents* ; Spouses

PURPOSE: In order to identify the usability of inguinal temperature in a neonatal unit, this study was done to compare inguinal temperature of newborns with rectal, axillary, and tympanic temperatures. METHOD: Fifty-one normal newborns admitted to the nursery of a university affiliated hospital participated in the study. Tympanic temperatures were taken with a tympanic thermometer. Inguinal, rectal, and axillary temperatures were taken with glass mercury thermometers, and were recorded every 1 minute until the reading remained constant for 2 times. The data were analyzed using the SPSS program. RESULT: The measurement time for inguinal temperatures in newborns was significantly longer than that for rectal temperatures, but was shorter than that for axillary temperatures. The mean temperature for the newborn's inguinal site was lower than for rectal, axillary, and tympanic temperatures (the lower side), but wasn't different from tympanic temperature (the upper side). The inguinal temperature was significantly correlated with rectal, axillary, and tympanic temperature. The inguinal temperature was not different according to general characteristics of the newborn. CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that measurement of inguinal temperature is a useful alternative to rectal temperature.
Glass ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn* ; Nurseries ; Thermometers ; Child Health

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate the effect of a cultural competency promotion program for nurses in obstetrics-gynecology and pediatrics. METHODS: The cultural competency promotion program was developed through the Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation (ADDIE) steps. In this quasi-experimental study, 30 nurses in obstetrics-gynecology and pediatrics were assigned to the experimental group and 34 nurses were assigned to the control group. The experimental group received this program once a week for four weeks and each class lasted one hour. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, chi2-test and Fisher's exact test with the IBM SPSS Statistics version 21.0 program. RESULTS: After attending the program, cultural competency (t=8.30, p<.001) increased significantly in the experimental group compared to the control group. There were also significant differences between two groups in cultural awareness (t=7.53, p<.001), cultural attitude (t=6.41, p<.001), and cultural knowledge & skills (t=7.79, p<.001) as components of cultural competency. CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate that this cultural competency program is effective and efficient for nurses in obstetrics-gynecology and pediatrics and can help nurses provide appropriate multicultural nursing care in multicultural society.
Cultural Competency* ; Nursing Care ; Pediatrics* ; Program Development

PURPOSE: This study was to evaluate the quality of online health information related to infants and preschoolers accessible through mobile applications and websites. METHODS: Using combinations of the terms 'infant', 'preschooler', and 'health' as the main keyword or categories, the researchers searched relevant mobile applications and websites in Korean application markets and popular search engines. Twelve mobile application and 14 websites were finally selected according to our inclusion criteria and evaluated using DISCERN instrument. RESULTS: The overall quality score of online health information available through mobile applications was 2.00 of 5 points, the reliability score was 2.15, and the quality score was 1.76. The overall quality score of online health information available through websites was 2.29, the reliability score was 2.40, and the quality score was 1.82. CONCLUSION: The quality of online health information related to young children was found to be low and to have potentially significant drawbacks according to DISCERN criteria. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a system to evaluate and regulate the quality of online health information. Additionally, factors that readers can use to judge the quality of health information, such as references and the benefit versus risks of the information, should be provided.
Child ; Consumer Health Information ; Humans ; Infant ; Internet ; Mobile Applications ; Search Engine

Requirement of blood transfusion has been progressively increased and supplements by volunteer donor are not sufficient to their requirements. Moreover homologous blood transfusion are not supplied without risks, espcially the transmission of the serum hepatitis. Twenty procedures, including two total hip replacement arthroplasty, were carried out with acute hemodilutional autotransfusion. The results of this study show that autotransfusion is a safe method without difficulty of blood replacement in elective orthopedic procedures.
Arthroplasty ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip ; Blood Transfusion ; Blood Transfusion, Autologous ; Clinical Study ; Hepatitis ; Humans ; Methods ; Orthopedic Procedures ; Orthopedics ; Tissue Donors ; Volunteers