No abstract available.
Splints

No abstract available.
Carcinosarcoma* ; Duodenum*

No Abstract Available.
Knee* ; Synovitis, Pigmented Villonodular*

Macrodactyly is a rare congenital malformation characterized by an increase in the size of all the elements or structures of a digit or digits. The phalanges, tendons, vessels, subcutaneous fat, finger nails, and skin are all enlarged, but the metacarpals are not affected. The condition is most frequently found in the index and long fingers, and its etiology remains unexplained. Macrodactylism associated with neurofibroma of the median nerve in the left middle finger, in a 13 year old girl, is presented with a review of the literature, and diagnosis was confirmed by pathological examination. Chief complaints were enlargement of the left middle finger and a soft tissue mass in the left palm since birth. There was no change in motor and sensory function of the hand. X-ray showed enlargement of phalanges and a diffusely enlarged soft tissue shadow in the middle finger. We performed epiphysiodesis of the proximal, middle and distal phalanges of the left middle finger with exploration of the left median nerve to the wrist joint. An enlarged fibromatous median nerve, left side, was found with very large abundant fat lobules around it.
Diagnosis ; Female ; Fingers ; Hand ; Humans ; Median Nerve ; Metacarpal Bones ; Neurofibroma ; Parturition ; Sensation ; Skin ; Subcutaneous Fat ; Tendons ; Wrist Joint

The present study was carried out in order to investigate the relationship between immune function and the activity of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal(HPA) axis in patients with major depression. The subjects were 16 female major depressives and 16 female healthy controls. We measured mitogen-induced production of IL-1 beta, IL-2, IL-6 and serum level of IL-1 beta, IL-2, IL-6 and basal plasma cortisol levels at 8 00 a.m. We measured post-DST(dexamethasone suppression test) cortisol levels in 16 major depressives. The result were as follows : 1) Basal cortisol level was significantly higher in the patients with major depression than in the healthy controls(14.4+/-4.6 microgram/dl, 10.1+/-5.2microgram /dl, respectively, p<0.05). 2) IL-2 production was significantly lower in the patients with major depression than in the healthy controls(1747.3+/-387.9 pg/ml, 2520.2+/-884.1 pg/ml, respectively, p<0.05). There were no significant differences in IL-1 beta and IL-6 production between the patients with major depression and the healthy controls. 3) Serum level of IL-2 was detectable in 12 of 16 patients with major depression and in 10 of 16 healthy controls. There was no significant difference in serum level of IL-2 between two groups. Serum level of IL-1 beta was detectable in 3 of 16 patients with major depression and of 16 healthy controls. We could not detect serum level of IL-6 in both groups. 4) There was significant negative correlation between IL-2 production and post-DST cortisol level(r= -0.89) in the 16 patients with major depression. There was significant negative correlation between serum level of IL-2 and post-DST cortisol level(r= -0.97) in the 12 patients with major depression. There was significant negative correlation between serum level of IL-2 and basal cortisol level(r= -0.65) in the 12 patients with major depression. But there was no significant correlation between IL-2 production and basal cortisol level in the 16 patients with major depression. These findings suggest that immune function is decreased in major depression and the decreased immune function is highly related to the hyperactivity of the HPA axis.
Axis, Cervical Vertebra* ; Depression* ; Female ; Humans ; Hydrocortisone ; Interleukin-1* ; Interleukin-1beta* ; Interleukin-2 ; Interleukin-6 ; Interleukins ; Plasma

Pathological laughing and crying(PLC) is a condition that is characterized by episodic, brief, contextually inappropriate, uncontrollable outbursts of laughing and/or crying. It can be observed in patients with various neurological disorders. PLC often causes distress in interpersonal functioning and activities for patients and their families. PLC can be recognized easily with proper understanding of the condition and its nature. Also it generally shows good response to various pharmacological treatments. This review aims to encourage the diagnosis and treatment of PLC by providing definition and clinical presentation of PLC, analysis of its pathophysiology and various current treatment options.
Crying* ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Nervous System Diseases

No abstract available.
Neurilemmoma*

No abstract available.
Diazepam* ; Humans ; Hypnotics and Sedatives* ; Midazolam* ; Surgery, Plastic*

No abstract available.
Tendon Injuries* ; Tendons*

Mirizzi syndrom is a rare disorder characterized by obstruction of common hepatic duct due to impacted gallbladder neck or dystic duct stone and is an uncommon cause of obstructive jaundice. Authors experienced one case of Mirizzi syndrome mimicked lobulated intraductal tumor.
Gallbladder ; Hepatic Duct, Common ; Jaundice, Obstructive ; Mirizzi Syndrome ; Neck