PURPOSE: One of the major keys to achieve successful osseointegration of the implant is its surface properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the bone response to dental implants with different surface characteristics using the rabbit tibia model. Tricalcium phosphate (TCP) coated, anodic oxidized and turned (control) surfaces were compared. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy two implants were placed in the tibia of eighteen rabbits. Nine rabbits were sacrificed at 3 weeks of healing and the remaining nine were sacrificed at 6 weeks of healing. The bone-to-implant contact (BIC) and the bone volume density (BVD) were assessed by light microscope after 3 and 6 weeks of healing. RESULTS: Statistical analysis showed that no significant differences in the BIC and BVD were observed between the different implant surfaces and the control group at 3 weeks and 6 weeks of healing. Data also suggested that the BVD of all the surfaces showed significant difference at 3 and 6 weeks. CONCLUSION: The present study has showed that osseointegration occurred in all investigated types of surface-treated implants. In the current study all of the threads of the implants were observed to calculate BIC and BVD values (instead of choosing some of the threads from the bone cortex for example), which didn't make BIC or BVD percentage values better than in the control group, therefore the clinical relevance of these results remains to be shown.
Calcium Phosphates ; Dental Implants ; Light ; Nitrogen Mustard Compounds ; Osseointegration ; Rabbits ; Surface Properties ; Tibia

No abstract available.
Cysticercosis* ; Spine*

From retrospective review of 111 tibial fractures treated by interlocking intramedullary nailing, 38 operative errors in 28 cases(25%) were included in this study. The errors were classified into two categories. The first category included eighteen errors that related to fracture reduction; nine angular malalignments, four failures in closed nailing to open the fracture site, two peroneal nerve palsies, two shortenings of tibial length(more than 1cm), and one rotational malalignment. The second category comprised twenty errors that related to the nailing itself; eight protrusions of proximal nail tip, five overdistractions of fracture gap (more than 3mm), four additional fragmentations, two mistakes in interlocking screw insertion, and one ankle joint injury by the distal nail tip. Functional results of those 28 cases at the last follow-up(average, 17.5 months; range, 9 to 29 months) were excellent or good in only 60.8 per cent, while the control group treated by adequate operative technique showed excellent or good results in 92.8 per cent.
Ankle Joint ; Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary ; Paralysis ; Peroneal Nerve ; Retrospective Studies ; Tibial Fractures

BACKGROUND: Melanocytes grown in pure monolayer culure lack many of the cellular interactions that exist in vivo. This can be partially overcome by growing melanocytes together with other epidermal cells in skin equivalent models. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the present study was to grow human melanocytes in human epidermis reconstructed on dermal substrates in vitro and to examine their response to UV radiation. METHODS: The skin equivalents were prepared by seeding cultured human keratinocytes together with cultured human melanocytes(in a ratio of 5%) onto de-epidermized dermis. After 7 days of culture, they were exposed to UVB irradiation(total 150m J/cm over 5days). On day 12 of air exposure the sections of the skin equivalents were prepared for histology. The structure of the skin equivalents was studied following staining with hematoxylin and eosin. Melanocytes were characterized by DOPA staining and by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Melanocytes were localized singly within the basal layer of the reconstructs. Melanin was also visible both in the melanocytes and in neighboring keratinocytes. There was an increase in melanocyte size and dendricity following UV irradiation. Melanocytes became positive to staining with HMB-45 antibody following UV irradiation. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that melanocytes grown in reconstructed human epidermis are functional and capable of responding to UV irradiation.
Dermis ; Dihydroxyphenylalanine ; Eosine Yellowish-(YS) ; Epidermis* ; Hematoxylin ; Humans* ; Immunohistochemistry ; Keratinocytes ; Melanins ; Melanocytes* ; Skin

Purpose: This study aimed to find a correlation between the occlusal plane and two reference planes that are frequently used in semi-adjustable articulators. Materials and Methods: Sixty-two males and fifty females with normal articulation were recruited and the lateral cephalograms of these patients were taken. The angles between the Frankfort horizontal (FH) and the occlusal planes, the angles between the gnathologic and the occlusal planes, and the angles between the FH and gnathologic planes were measured on the lateral cephalograms.Result: The mean angles between the FH and the occlusal planes was 8.29°±3.62°, with 8.88°±3.09° and 7.63°±4.10°for male and female patients, respectively. The mean angles between the gnathologic and the occlusal planes was 2.77°±3.62°, and the angle between the FH and the gnathologic planes was 5.52°±3.62°. No significant differences were found in the measured angles between the male and female patients (P>0.05). Conclusion Different guidance angles may be applied to articulators for prosthodontic restoration, depending on the reference planes that the articulators use.

BACKGROUND: Obesity not only does increase the incidence of breast cancer, but also affects the course of treatment, recurrence and mortality. This study aims to evaluate on the obesity status of Korean breast cancer survivors and their obesity-related lifestyles. METHODS: The study included 125 Korean female breast cancer survivors aged over 19 year old enrolled in the 2009-11 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Women who answered 'yes' to the question 'have you ever been diagnosed breast cancer by a physician?' was defined as a breast cancer survivors. Height, weight, and waist circumference were measured and Body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Body fat percent was assessed by dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Standardized surveys by trained interviewers were used to investigate survivors' obesity-related lifestyles such as physical activities, sleeping hours and nutrients intake. RESULTS: 48.4% of Korean breast cancer survivors were obese. 44.7% had abdominal obesity and 89.2% had body fat percent over 30. Their physical activity level was generally low; only 22.5% maintained health-enhancing level of physical activities. Fat intake (14.4 [0.8] %) was as low and carbohydrate intake (74.2 [1.2] %) was high. However, daily dietary fiber intake was low (10.5 [1.1] g). Factors that were found to be significantly related with obesity in Korean breast cancer survivors were low education level (P=0.042), smoking (P<0.001), having chronic diseases (P=0.002) and short sleeping hours (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: It is mandatory for physician to evaluate obesity status of breast cancer survivors as soon as their diagnosis and give proper intervention to maintain healthy weight and healthy obesity related lifestyle.
Absorptiometry, Photon ; Adipose Tissue ; Body Mass Index ; Breast Neoplasms* ; Chronic Disease ; Diagnosis ; Dietary Fiber ; Education ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Life Style* ; Metabolic Equivalent ; Mortality ; Motor Activity ; Nutrition Surveys ; Obesity* ; Obesity, Abdominal ; Recurrence ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Survivors* ; Waist Circumference

We report here a case of maternal 3-methylcrotonyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (3-MCC) deficiency in a Korean woman. Her 2 infants had elevated 3-hydroxyisovalerylcarnitine (C5-OH) on a neonatal screening test by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), but normal results were found on urine organic acid analysis. The patient was subjected to serial testing and we confirmed a maternal 3-MCC deficiency by blood spot and breast milk spot test by LC-MS/MS, serum amino acid analysis, urine organic acid and molecular genetic analysis that found c.838G>T (p.Asp280Tyr) homozygous mutation within exon 9 of the MCCB gene. Especially, we confirmed marked higher levels of C5-OH on breast milk spot by LC-MS/MS, in the case of maternal 3-MCC deficiency vs. controls.
Breast* ; Exons ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Mass Spectrometry ; Milk, Human* ; Molecular Biology ; Neonatal Screening

PURPOSE: This study aimed to identify the scores of postpartum depression(PPD) on the first day, 1st week, and 6th week after the delivery and to explore their related factors before and after delivery in postpartum women. METHODS: With a survey design, 293 postpartum women were recruited from a postpartum unit, Ilsin Christian hospital in Pusan via convenience sampling and were followed at 1st week and 6th week in the outpatient clinic. RESULTS: Results showed that the scores of PPD(EPDS score) were low at postpartum 1st day, 1st week and 6th week but prevalence of PPD(EPDS > or =13) was 3.1% at 1st day, 8.2% at 1st week and 7.5% at 6th week, respectively. The pre-delivery factors were experience of depression, and the post-delivery factors were baby's sex(1st day), no caregiver for baby(1st week), and no help and concern for taking care of baby from husband and family(1st day and 6th week). The greater satisfaction with becoming a mother and her life, and greater maternal attachment were related to lower level of PPD at the three time points. CONCLUSION: Regular screening for postpartum depression and supportive and informative education is needed for postpartum women visiting the outpatient clinic for follow-up.
Ambulatory Care Facilities ; Caregivers ; Depression ; Depression, Postpartum ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Mass Screening ; Mothers ; Postpartum Period ; Prevalence ; Spouses ; Tuberculin

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to assess the risk of ingestion exposure of lead by particle sizes of crumb rubber in artificial turf filling material with consideration of bioavailability. METHODS: This study estimated the ingestion exposure by particle sizes (more than 250 um or less than 250 um) focusing on recyclable ethylene propylene diene monomer crumb rubber being used as artificial turf filling. Analysis on crumb rubber was conducted using body ingestion exposure estimate method in which total content test method, acid extraction method and digestion extraction method are reflected. Bioavailability which is a calibrating factor was reflected in ingestion exposure estimate method and applied in exposure assessment and risk assessment. Two methods using acid extraction and digestion extraction concentration were compared and evaluated. RESULTS: As a result of the ingestion exposure of crumb rubber material, the average lead exposure amount to the digestion extraction result among crumb rubber was calculated to be 1.56x10(-4) mg/kg-day for low grade elementary school students and 4.87x10(-5) mg/kg-day for middle and high school students in 250 um or less particle size, and that to the acid extraction result was higher than the digestion extraction result. Results of digestion extraction and acid extraction showed that the hazard quotient was estimated by about over 2 times more in particle size of lower than 250 um than in higher than 250 um. There was a case of an elementary school student in which the hazard quotient exceeded 0.1. CONCLUSIONS: Results of this study confirm that the exposure of lead ingestion and risk level increases as the particle size of crumb rubber gets smaller.
Alkenes ; Biological Availability ; Digestion ; Eating ; Ethylenes ; Humans ; Particle Size ; Risk Assessment ; Rubber

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of porcelain re-firing on the formation of surface bubble and on the change in shade of metal-ceramic crown exposed to artificial saliva. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty disk-shaped specimens were made in 10 mm diameter with 0.5 mm metal core thickness and 1 mm ceramic thickness. A spectroradiometer was used to determine the CIE Lab coordinates. The number and size of surface bubble were observed with a stereomicroscope. After the exposure to artificial saliva for 7 days, re-firing was performed at glazing temperature. After re-firing, the CIE Lab were calculated, and the number and size of surface bubble were observed again. The change in shade was expressed with DeltaE. Statistical analysis was done with paired t-test for the change in the number of surface bubble and student t-test for the change in the size of surface bubble (alpha= 0.05). RESULTS: Shade difference was calculated 2.14 DeltaE units. The mean number of surface bubble was 1.33 +/- 1.49 before re-firing, 3.27 +/- 2.90 after re-firing. After re-firing, the number of surface bubble was significantly increased (P<.05). The mean size of surface bubble was 81.97 +/- 32.03 microm before re-firing, 142.94 +/- 47.40 microm after re-firing. After re-firing, the size of surface bubble was significantly increased (P<.05). CONCLUSION: Shade change after re-firing was perceptible (DeltaE < 2.0) and clinically acceptable (DeltaE < 3.7). The number and size of surface bubble was significantly increased after re-firing. Further investigation to decrease the surface bubble on the extra oral repair of metal-ceramic crown, will be needed in future study.
Ceramics ; Crowns ; Dental Porcelain ; Humans ; Pyridines ; Saliva, Artificial ; Thiazoles