OBJECTIVES: This study was performed to compare health value cognition and health promotion behavior compliance between healthy group and not being healthy group, and to evaluate the difference of health promotion behaviors compliance between high group and low group in health value cognition. METHODS: The subjects of this study were 565 workers, 233 healthy workers, 172 observation cases and 160 disease cases, selected from 4,919 transit coporations workers. RESULTS: In health promoting behavior compliance, not being healthy group showed lower level than healthy group in exercise and showed higher level than healthy group in interpersonal support significantly. A worker who replied on health as the most value in life was consisted in 37.3% of healthy group and 36. 1% of not being healthy group, Health value cognition according to general characteristics showed no significant difference except only variable of age in healthy group. Health promoting behavior compliance according to cognition of health value showed in healthy group that a high level group of health value cognition was more significant difference than a low level group in self actualization and health responsibility of health promoting behavior and didn't show difference significantly in not being healthy group. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, the relationship between health value cognition, health promotion behavior compliance and periodic health examination results showed weakly. Therefore, in order to develop and apply spontaneous health promotion program, it was considered that should emphasize compliance than cognition.
Cognition* ; Compliance ; Health Promotion*

Intraperitoneal hyperthermic perfusion(IPHP) is gaining popularity in the world as a method of prevention and treatment of peritoneal metastasis following gatrointestinal cancer. The procedure presents significant problems to the anesthegiologist with regard to tempera- ture control, fluid and electrolyte balance, acid-base change and postoperative care. During IPHP, there is a potential for heat gain from the peritoneal cavity. Several workers have reported a significant increase in core temperature. Therefore, it is true that accurate monitoring of temperature is essential. We studied that acid-base balance, electrolyte balance, level of blood suger following core temperature change in Intraperitoneal Hyperthermo-chemotherapeutic Perfusion patients.
Acid-Base Equilibrium ; Anesthesia* ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Perfusion* ; Peritoneal Cavity ; Postoperative Care ; Stomach Neoplasms* ; Stomach* ; Water-Electrolyte Balance

Leukocytes, when subjected to phagocytic, immunologic or chemical stimuli, are known to exhibit a sequence of morphological and biochemical events which lead to the production of H₂, O₂, O₂⁻, and even OH as well as the secretion of various lysosomal lytic enzymes into the extracellular environments. It was been proposed that some antiinflammatory drugs may exert their therapeutic effects by inhibiting the production of reactive oxygen species or by abrogating the effects of reactive oxygen species ontissue components. In the present study, effects of various quenchers and antiinflammatory drugs were observed on the changes of viscosity of hyaluronate and collagen gelation by oxygen radicals generated by xanthine and xanthine oxidase. Quenching effects of antiinflammatory drugs on reactive oxygen species were also observed with gas chromatography. 1. Decrease of viscosity of hyaluronate and inhibition of collagen gelation by xanthine and xanthine oxidase were inhibited by various quenchers. 2. Several oxygen radical quenchers and antiinflammatory drugs did not affect viscosity of hyaluronate and collagen gelation. 3. Reactive ouygen species generated by xanthine and xanthine oxidase affected both viscosity of hyaluronate and collagen gelation with similar pattem. Therefore, in this study quenching effects of antiinflammatory drugs on reactive oxygen species have been examined by observing viscosity changes of hyaluronate. Sodium salicylate, acetylsalicylic acid, indomethacin and hydrocortisone affected viscosity changes of hyalumnate by xanthine and xanthine oxidase. The pattem of inhibition of hyaluronate degradation by these drugs were comparable to the inhibition produced by OH scavengers and singlet oxygen quencher. 4. To danonstrate the generation of OH ethylene was determined from methional incubated with xanthine and xanthine oxidase according to gas chromatography method. Xanthine and xanthine oxidase produced ethylene fmm methional and the production was inhibited by antiinflammatory drugs. The result obtained in this study suggest that action of antiinflammatory drugs may, to some event, be attributed to their ability to intercept reactive oxygen species in addition to inhibition of synthesis of prostaglandin.
Aspirin ; Chromatography, Gas ; Collagen ; Hydrocortisone ; Indomethacin ; Leukocytes ; Methods ; Oxygen ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; Singlet Oxygen ; Sodium Salicylate ; Therapeutic Uses ; Viscosity ; Xanthine ; Xanthine Oxidase

Transient increases in blood pressure and heart rate following laryngoscopy and endotra- cheal intubation are common. These stress responses are greatly exaggerated in patients with hypertension and cardiovascular diseases and can lead to cardiac arrhythmia, pulmo- nary edema, and cerebral hemorrhsge. Many approaches have been tried to attenuate these potentially adverse circulatory responses but none has been satisfactory. This study was made to evaluate the hemodynamic responses to tracheal intubation using combined alpha-and beta-adrenoreceptor blocking agent, labetalol. We intravenously administered labetalol or placebo prior to laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation in adult patients with ASA class 1, or 2. Sixty patients were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups. Group 1 patients (control group,n=20) received normal saline 3ml, Group 2 patients (n=20) received labetalol 0.3mg/kg, and Group 3 patients (n= 20) received labetalol 0.6mg/kg intravenously. These drugs were injected 3 minutes before induction with thiopental sodium (5mg/kg). Succinylcholine chloride 1.0mg/kg i.v. was used to facilitate endotracheal intubation. After the completion of intubation, nitrous oxide/oxygen with enflurane or isoflurane was administered. The blood pressure and heart rate were measured upon arrival in the operating room (baseline), immediately before intubation, immediately after intubation, 1 minutes after intubation and at 2, 3, 5, 7, 10 minutes after intubation. There were no significant differences in preinduction values of blood pressure and heart rate. A significant reduction in heart rate was observed in the group 3, group 2 in that order compared with the group 1. Similarly, systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressure de- creased in labetalol groups, but was not significantly different in all groups. None of the patients experienced any untoward side effects, such as hypotension, aignificant bradycardia, bronchospasm or electrocardiographic ehanges. In conclusion, in patients with no history of hypertension or significant cardiac disease, labetalol 0.3 or 0.6mg/kg i.v. is better suited to blunting tachycardia than to blunting hypertension to laryngoscopy and intubation.
Adult ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; Arterial Pressure ; Blood Pressure ; Bradycardia ; Bronchial Spasm ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Edema ; Electrocardiography ; Enflurane ; Heart Diseases ; Heart Rate ; Hemodynamics* ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Hypotension ; Intubation ; Intubation, Intratracheal* ; Isoflurane ; Labetalol* ; Laryngoscopy ; Operating Rooms ; Succinylcholine ; Tachycardia ; Thiopental

We report a case of a 25-month-old girl presented to us for the evaluation of a severe delayed psychomotor development who also has pigmentary abnormalities. Linear and whorled hyperpigmentations following Blaschko's lines were noticed on her entire body except on her face, palms, soles, eyes and mucous membranes, which closely resembled those found in hypomelanosis of Ito, but inversely pigmented. Histologic examination revealed basal layer hyperpigmentation without incontinence of pigment or dermal melanophages. Chromosomal analysis of cultured peripheral leukocytes and fibroblasts from the hyperpigmented and the hypopigmented skin revealed normal female karyotype with no evidence of mosaicism or chimerism. This entity represents a kind of neurocutaneous syndrome-referred to by some authors as linear and whorled nevoid hypermelanosis.
Case Report ; *Child Development ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Human ; Melanosis/*pathology/*physiopathology ; Nevus/*pathology ; *Psychomotor Performance ; Syndrome

PURPOSE: Glomus tumor is rare benign neoplasm arising from the normal glomus, which is a neuromyoarterial apparatus, usually seen in the nail bed of fingers. Concerning about the origin, there were few written reports about extra-digit glomus tumor of elderly patient. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A 69-year-old man presented with severe pain and tenderness localized to the distal dorsal portion of forearm for 5 years. The pain was sudden in onset resting several seconds, cold frequently exacerbated these symptoms. So much pain was caused by touching the sensitive area that the patient was quite reluctant to have the maneuver repeated. The clinical suspicion of glomus tumor was made and the lesion was completely excised. Glomus tumor was confirmed by the pathologist. RESULTS: After the operation, patient didn't complain of his symptoms anymore and there was no evidence of recurrence during 6 months follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS: We report a rare case of glomus tumor arising in subcutaneous layer of forearm with elderly patient.
Aged ; Cold Temperature ; Fingers ; Follow-Up Studies ; Forearm ; Glomus Tumor ; Humans ; Nails ; Recurrence

Tularemia is a major laboratory acquired zoonoses caused by Francisella tularensis that have high virulence, and usually transmitted to humans from direct contact with infected wild animals like rabbits or insect vectors like ticks. Clinical tularemia can be divided with 6 major syndromes that are delineated by the mode of organism aquisition, in which ulceroglandular type is the most common. F. tularensis have 3 different biogroups which have homogeneous antigenecity, type A (biogroup tularensis), type B (biogroup palearctica) and biogroup novicida, and can be confirmed by serology most frequently. In the domestic area, there was no reports of tularemia in humans or presence of bacteria in the reservoirs. Authers experienced a case of tularemia which is suspected as F. tularensis type B, ulceroglandular type. A healthy 40-year-old man admitted the hospital for lymph node swelling in both axillary and upper arm area and for furuncles in both forearm and palm. He contacted with dead rabbit and eated it after cooking before 20 days from admission day. In laboratory cultures, F. tularensis did not grow in any of the routine or anaerobic culture media except for one blood agar plate at 5 days. After subculturing that to cystine containing chocolate agar plate at 37C degree, 5% CO2 incubator, we could see the accelerating growth of colony. In microbiological test, it was oxidase and urease negative. In acid production in cystine trypticase agar base, it was glucose positive and sucrose, maltose, glycerol negative. In agglutinating test, F. tularensis antiserum titer (Difco, USA) with isolates was 1:160 or over and antibody titer to F. tularensis antigen (Difco, USA) was 1:320 or over. Anti-F. tularensis-IF assay and Anti-F. tularensis-indirect-EIA with isolates were positive.
Adult ; Agar ; Animals ; Animals, Wild ; Arm ; Bacteria ; Cacao ; Cooking ; Culture Media ; Cystine ; Forearm ; Francisella tularensis* ; Francisella* ; Furunculosis ; Glucose ; Glycerol ; Humans ; Incubators ; Insect Vectors ; Lymph Nodes ; Maltose ; Oxidoreductases ; Rabbits ; Sucrose ; Ticks ; Tularemia* ; Urease ; Virulence ; Zoonoses

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to provide a basis for non-humidified low flow oxygen by nasal cannula and to provide a guide for consistent care in nursing practice. METHODS: A methodological study on the development of guidelines with experts' opinions on collected items, framing PICO questions, evaluating and synthesizing texts which were searched with the key words (low flow oxygen, nasal cannula, humidification of oxygen, guideline) from web search engines. RESULTS: Of the 45 researched texts on the web, 9 texts relevant to the theme were synthesized and evaluated. All patients with humidified or non-humidified oxygen therapy reported that they had no discomfort. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that there are no tangible grounds for patients' perceived differences between the humidified and non-humidified oxygen under 4L/min supplied by nasal cannula. with oxygen. Therefore, non-humidification oxygen therapy is strongly advised when suppling under 4L/min oxygen by nasal cannula (recommended grade A).
Catheters ; Humans ; Oxygen

OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to investigate whether air pollution levels in Seoul have short term effects on respiratory disease outpatients. METHODS: We analyzed five air pollutants (CO, NOy, Oy, SOp, PMyp) and daily counts of outpatient for respiratory disease divided by age group ((15yrs, 15-64yrs, 65+yrs) during the period of July 1997-June 1998 using Generalized Additive Model(GAM). RESULTS: After controlling for seasonal trends, day of the week, week of the month, temperature and humidity, CO (RR=1. 041 ~ l. 051, 0-day lag) and NOy (RR=1. 024~1. 050, 3-day lag) were significantly associated with daily counts for respiratory disease in all age groups. 0, and SO, were associated, with a 3-day lag in the age group under 15 years (O RR=1. 047, 95% CI=1. 045- 1. 049 i SOp RR=1. 018, 95% CI=1. 017- l. 020) and with a 0-day lag in the age group 15 to 64 years (0, RR=1. 035, 95% CI=1. 032-1. 037; SO, RR=1. 037, 95% CI=1. 035-1. 039), in the age group over 65 years (O RR=1. 042, 95% CI=1. 033-1. 051; SO RR=1.029, 95% CI=1.022-1.036). PM was weakly associated, with a 1-day lag in the age group under 15 years (RR=1.011, 95% CI=1.010-1.013) and with a 0-day lag in the age group 15 to 64 years (RR=1. 021, 95% CI=1. 019-1. 023), in the age group over 65 years (RR=1. 025, 95% CI=1. 018-1. 032). In the two pollutant model, the magnitudes of the relative risk for CO, NOy and Oq were maintained, but SOy was not associated with daily counts for respiratory disease in the age group under 15 years after controlling for NO,. PMyp was not associated in all age groups after controlling for CO, so the association with PMyp in the single pollutant model might be confounded by CO. In this study, the impact Of PMyp on the respiratory disease was not large as compared with other pollutants. CONCLUSIONS: Air pollution in Seoul may increase the incidence of the respiratory disease, so more positive attention for the control of air pollution should be paid.
Air Pollutants* ; Air Pollution ; Humans ; Humidity ; Incidence ; Outpatients* ; Seasons ; Seoul*

PURPOSE: We evaluated the MRI findings that suggested the presence of a residual cancer after a mammotome biopsy in pathologically proven breast cancer patients and the usefulness of MRI to diagnose a residual cancer and additional lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed 41 breast cancer patients that underwent an ultrasonography-guided mammotome biopsy for complete resection of a breast lesion. MRI was performed for preoperative assessment and MRI findings suggestive of a residual cancer at the procedure site were analyzed and correlated to the pathological findings. Additional enhancements on breast MRI were analyzed, and the diagnostic accuracy of MRI for occult additional lesions was calculated. RESULTS: A total of 32 (78.0%) patients had a residual tumor. A mass was the most common MRI finding that suggested a residual cancer. Thick rim enhancement or a mass with a non-mass like enhancement were the most suspicious findings that suggested the presence of a residual cancer. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of MRI for the detection of a residual cancer were 81.3%, 66.7% and 78.0%, respectively. Additional malignant lesions were found in 7 cases. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of MRI for the detection of additional lesions were 100%, 60.0% and 76.5%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Further complete surgery should be performed, as residual tumors are found in 50% of the negative MRI examinations, whereas preoperative MRI is helpful to evaluate occult additional lesions.
Biopsy ; Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Neoplasm, Residual ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Ultrasonography, Mammary