Chronic tic disorder or Tourette syndrome is known to be a chronic neuro-behavioral disease for which cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) strategies have recently been introduced. Here, we report the effectiveness of CBT in a case of childhood chronic tic disorder, which is very common in clinical settings. The DSM-IV clinical diagnosis was applied by a child psychiatrist. The Yale Global Tic Severity Scale, Kovac's children's depression inventory, Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Abbreviated Conners' Rating Scales, and the Dupaul ADHD Rating Scales were used. This case involved a pharmacological treatment-refractory patient over the previous year. Thus, psychiatric consultation was undertaken. Subsequently, we administered five sessions of CBT for four weeks, consisting of symptom evaluation and planning, habit reversal training, and ventilation training. Following four weeks of CBT administration, there were improvements in the scores of the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale and the Clinical Global Improvement scale. Our observations indicate that CBT may be effective in the treatment of childhood tic disorder.
Anxiety ; Child ; Cognitive Therapy ; Depression ; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ; Humans ; Psychiatry ; Symptom Assessment ; Tic Disorders ; Tics ; Tourette Syndrome ; Ventilation ; Weights and Measures

No abstract available.
Helicobacter pylori* ; Helicobacter* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction*

No abstract available.
Helicobacter pylori* ; Helicobacter* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction*

PURPOSE: Polypoid lesions of the gall bladder (PLG) have a variety of pathologies. Problems exist in the selection of patients for operation and in the operative approach used. We studied the accuracy of the preoperative radiologic diagnosis and suspected risk factors. METHODS: 121 polypoid lesions of gallbladder were sugically treated during 10 years. Preoperative radiologic diagnosis, age, gender, related symptoms, concurrent gallstone, size, shape, number and histologic diagnosis of the ployps were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: The average size of malignancy was 23.0 mm, and that of benign tumors was 7.1 mm (P=0.000). The mean age of patients with a malignancy was significant higher than that of those with benign tumor (P=0.000). The preoperative sensitivity of computed tomography for a malignancy was 67.7%. The patients with malignancy more frequently had related symptoms. CONCLUSION: A CT must be considered, for patients with risk factors, even if the ultrasonographic diagnosis was benign. An Age greater than 60 years, a tumor size greater than 10 mm, a solitary polyp, sessile shape, and related symptoms are predictive factors of a malignancy.
Diagnosis ; Gallbladder* ; Gallstones ; Humans ; Pathology ; Polyps ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Urinary Bladder

New treatment strategies to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have been introduced recently. We report and review the effect of Panax ginseng extract administration in a 7 year-old boy with drug naive ADHD. We administered Panax ginseng extract 1,800 mg/day to him for 8 weeks. There were improvement of scores in Attention Diagnostic System, Clinical Global Improvement, Conner's ADHD Rating scale and Dupaul ADHD Rating scale.
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity ; Panax ; Polyenes

No abstract available.
HIV ; Humans* ; Mothers* ; Pregnancy*

OBJECTIVE: Systemic lupus erythematceus(SLE) is an autoimmune disease and manifests with a variety of clinical and immunologic features in the multisystem SLE occurs worldwide in all ethnic groups but the prevalence and clinical man'ifestations of SLE may differ depending on ethnic groups and age. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical and laboratory features of 167 patients with SLE at the Yeungnam University Hospital, Kyungpook National University Hospital and Keimyung University Hospital between January 1984 to February 1993. RESULTS: 1) The male to female ratio was 1:19.8 and the mean age was 28.1. Seventy six patients(42. 1%) were diagnosed to have SLE in the third decade. 2) The prevalence of positive ARA criteria for SLE revealed that antinuclear antibody (ANA) was 96.4%, cutaneous disorder 73.6%, hematologic disorder 72.5%, immunologic disorder 71.3%, arthralgia or arthritis 70.1%, renal disorder 55.7%, serositis 40.7%, oral ulcer 28.7% photosensitivity 25.7% and neuropsychiatric disorder 19.7%. 3) The malar rash was the most common manifestation in mucocutaneous disorder, arthralgia or arthritis in musculoskeletal disorder, proteinuria in renal disorder, pericarditis and pleuritis in cardiopulmonary disorder, psychosis in neuropsychiatric disorder, anemia in hematologic disorder, and hypocomplementemia in immunologic disorder. 4) Renal biopsy was performed in 65 cases among which the most common histologic type was diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis(53.9%). CONCLUSION: These data suggested that clinical manifestations of SLE in Korean patients revealed similar to those of Western(Caucasian+Black) except that photosensitivity, serositis, neuropsychiatric disorders were less frequent in Korean.
Anemia ; Antibodies, Antinuclear ; Arthralgia ; Arthritis ; Autoimmune Diseases ; Biopsy ; Ethnic Groups ; Exanthema ; Female ; Gyeongsangbuk-do ; Humans ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic* ; Male ; Oral Ulcer ; Pericarditis ; Pleurisy ; Prevalence ; Proteinuria ; Psychotic Disorders ; Retrospective Studies ; Serositis

Superior vena cava syndrome (SVCS) is usually caused by extrinsic compression or invasion of the superior vena cava (SVC) by malignant tumors involving mediastinal structures. Although thymomas are well-known causes of SVCS, cases of SVCS caused by malignant thymomas protruding into adjacent vessels draining the SVC with thrombosis have been very rarely reported worldwide. We experienced a 39-year-old female patient with SVCS that developed after the direct invasion of the left brachiocephalic vein (LBCV) and SVC by an anterior mediastinal mass with a high maximum standardized uptake value on the chest computed tomography (CT) and positron emission tomography-CT. Based on these results, she underwent en bloc resection of the tumor, including removal of the involved vessels, and was eventually diagnosed as having a type B2 thymoma permeating into the LBCV and SVC. We present this case as a very rare form of SVCS caused by an invasive thymoma.
Adult ; Brachiocephalic Veins ; Electrons ; Female ; Humans ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; Superior Vena Cava Syndrome* ; Thorax ; Thrombosis ; Thymoma* ; Vena Cava, Superior*

Objective: Triage in the emergency department is important as mistriage leads to inefficient use of resources. The Korean Triage and Acuity Scale (KTAS) was developed in 2012 and has been implemented in emergency departments nationwide since January 2016. The purpose of this study was to determine whether KTAS can predict resource use in a pediatric emergency center. Methods: From October to December 2019, a retrospective analysis was conducted by a review of medical records. Demographic data, KTAS grades, Emergency Severity Index (ESI) as an indicator of resource utilization and details of the use of each resource were collected. Patients were divided into non-trauma and trauma groups. KTAS grades 1 and 2 were defined as the severe group, grade 3 was the moderate group, and grades 4 and 5 were defined as the mild group. We investigated whether triage using KTAS is related to resource utilization. Results: In the non-trauma group, ESI, length of stay in the emergency department, and hospitalization were significantly correlated with the KTAS groups. In the trauma group, there was no significant difference between the moderate and mild groups in the above variables except for hospitalization. This was because there was no significant difference in sedation, procedure, and intravenous injection, in the trauma group. Conclusion The KTAS triage helped predict resource utilization in the non-trauma group, but not in the trauma group especially between the moderate and mild groups. Additional research will be needed to predict resource utilization in children with trauma.

Objective: Triage in the emergency department is important as mistriage leads to inefficient use of resources. The Korean Triage and Acuity Scale (KTAS) was developed in 2012 and has been implemented in emergency departments nationwide since January 2016. The purpose of this study was to determine whether KTAS can predict resource use in a pediatric emergency center. Methods: From October to December 2019, a retrospective analysis was conducted by a review of medical records. Demographic data, KTAS grades, Emergency Severity Index (ESI) as an indicator of resource utilization and details of the use of each resource were collected. Patients were divided into non-trauma and trauma groups. KTAS grades 1 and 2 were defined as the severe group, grade 3 was the moderate group, and grades 4 and 5 were defined as the mild group. We investigated whether triage using KTAS is related to resource utilization. Results: In the non-trauma group, ESI, length of stay in the emergency department, and hospitalization were significantly correlated with the KTAS groups. In the trauma group, there was no significant difference between the moderate and mild groups in the above variables except for hospitalization. This was because there was no significant difference in sedation, procedure, and intravenous injection, in the trauma group. Conclusion The KTAS triage helped predict resource utilization in the non-trauma group, but not in the trauma group especially between the moderate and mild groups. Additional research will be needed to predict resource utilization in children with trauma.