PURPOSE: The anterior vaginal wall sling (AVWS) was introduced to be a simpler and less morbid procedure than the fascial or synthetic slings. However, the long-term outcome of the AVWS has not been fully assessed. In this study, the long-term outcomes of AVWS in female stress urinary incontinence were determined. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 54 patients, followed-up postoperatively for at least five years, were surveyed. The surgical outcome was evaluated by pre- and post-operative SEAPI scores, subjective satisfaction and complications. The preoperative clinical parameters were analyzed using a multivariate analysis to determine the factors influencing the success. RESULTS: After a follow-up period of at least 60 months (mean 72.3 months), 63% were cured, 24% showed improvement and 13% had unsuccessful outcomes. The multivariate analysis demonstrated no preoperative factors for the prediction of the outcome of the AVWS. In a subjective satisfaction assessment, 40.8% were extremely satisfied, 40.8% were satisfied, 9.3% felt fair, and 9.3% were dissatisfied. The short-term complications were; UTI (1 case) and operation related transfusion (1 case). The long-term complications were; de novo urge incontinence (3 cases), removal of suture material due to extra-vaginal protrusion (3 cases) and chronic pelvic pain (1 case), but there was no chronic retention. CONCLUSIONS: An AVWS has many benefits, such as low morbidity, easiness of familiarization and can be performed on patients with anatomical incontinence and internal sphincter deficiency. Nevertheless, the complete dry rate of AVWS is 63% for a follow-up of over 5-years. With regard to its long-term durability, this procedure is considered a less effective treatment modality for female stress urinary incontinence.
Female* ; Follow-Up Studies* ; Humans ; Multivariate Analysis ; Pelvic Pain ; Surgical Procedures, Operative ; Sutures ; Urinary Incontinence* ; Urinary Incontinence, Stress ; Urinary Incontinence, Urge

One hundred forty eight complications in 135 cases of long bone fractures experienced during the period from May 1971 to December 1979, at the Chosun University Hospital and analysed its retrospectively. The results were obtained as follows. 1. The order of incidence of complications were as follows; infection (39.8%), delayed union(23.6%). malunion (13.5%), ankylosis of joint (12.2%). nonunion (8.1%) and peripheral nerve injury (2. 8%). 2. Of all 127 patients, 97 patients were male and 30 patients were female, and 72 patients (56.7%) were cauesd by traffic accidents. The sex ratio between male and female was 3.2: l. 3. The major complications were frequently associated with other fractures and dislocations, brain injuries. 4. Those of open, comminuted fracture and delayed transfer cases to the Orthopedic Surgeon were predisposing factors to development of the severe complication.
Accidents, Traffic ; Ankylosis ; Brain Injuries ; Causality ; Dislocations ; Female ; Fractures, Bone ; Fractures, Comminuted ; Fractures, Open ; Humans ; Incidence ; Joints ; Male ; Orthopedics ; Peripheral Nerve Injuries ; Retrospective Studies ; Sex Ratio

Haglunds deformity is a prominence at posterosuperior portion of the calcaneus. Extrinsic irritation on this prominence can give rise to retrocalcaneal bursitis or Achilles tendinitis. Partial resection of the posterosuperior aspect of the calcaneus was performed on 7 heels with Haglunds disease. All patients were reviewed both by radiographic examination and by questionnaire after an average 14.5 months. All but one patient showed an excellent result in a view point of pain relief. The average passive dorsiflexion angle of the ankle was improved from 5 to 25 degree, postoperatively. There was no complication such as recurrence, wound problem or paresthesia.
Ankle ; Bursitis ; Calcaneus ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Heel ; Humans ; Paresthesia ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Recurrence ; Tendinopathy ; Wounds and Injuries

PURPOSE: The proximal femoral morphology of normal Koreans was studied by radiographs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Proximal femoral morphology and ratio of lever arm in abductor muscle in 101 normal adults were measured and their correlations were comparatively analyzed. RESULTS: The femoral head diameter was 48.7+/-4.0 mm. The femoral neck shaft angle was 127.8+/-5.2 degree. The medial trabeculae angle was 20.0+/-1.2 degree. The femoral offset was 36.5+/-3.9 mm. Also, the tip of the greater trochanter relative to the level of femoral head center lay higher in 91 of 101 subjects (90.1%), upon examination and in average, located 3.8+/-3.4 mm higher. The ratio of the abductor lever arm to the distance between the femoral head center and the body midline was 1: 2.1+/-0.2. CONCLUSIONS: The relationship between the tip of the greater trochanter of femur and the center of femoral head appeared to have wide individual differences with 0.89 coefficient of variation. Therefore, the tip of the greater trochanter was an unreliable anatomical indicator of femoral head center. The femoral neck shaft angle and the length of the medial trabeculae showed a significant correlation (P=0.001). However, a significant negative correlation existed between the femoral neck shaft angle and the femoral offset (P=0.024)
Adult* ; Arm ; Femur ; Femur Neck ; Head ; Humans ; Individuality

PURPOSE: The purpose of the present study was to analyze and evaluate prior studies published in Korea on the cardiovascular disease-related quality of life, in order to make recommendations for further research. METHODS: A total of 15 studies were selected from four databases(Digital library of Research Information Center for Health, Korea Medical Database, MedRic, and National Assembly Library). The selected studies were analyzed according to criteria, such as diagnosis/operation, used instrument, generic/specific instrument, dimension of quality of life, translation/ back-translation, sample size, reliability, validity, responsiveness, number of items, type of scale, time required, and independent variables. RESULTS: Of the 15 cardiovascular disease-related quality of life studies, approximately half of them were conducted with hypertension or ischemic heart disease patients. All studies asserted that the concept of quality of life had multidimensional attributes. With respect to the questionnaire used for measuring the quality of life, only one study used a cardiovascular disease specific- instrument and most studies did not consider whether or not the validity of their instrument had been established. In addition, when using questionnaires developed in other languages, only one study employed a translation/ back-translation technique. The types of variables tested for their influence on quality of life were quite limited. CONCLUSION: It is recommended to develop a reliability and validity established cardiovascular disease specific- quality of life for Korean patients and to identify associated new variables.
Cardiovascular Diseases ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Information Centers ; Korea* ; Myocardial Ischemia ; Quality of Life* ; Reproducibility of Results ; Sample Size ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Open tracheostomy has been indicated for patients who require prolonged mechanical ventilation or respiratory care in order to avoid lots of complications during long-term endotracheal intubation. Because there are a number of disadvantages and serious complications in standard open tracheostomy, a simpler, safe and minimally invasive procedure such as percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy (PDT) and translaryngeal tracheostomy (TLT) were introduced as an appropriate procedure that can be administered at bedside. In terms of prevention of complications, minimal invasive tracheostomy techniques are more advisable for post open heart surgery patients. After two failed attempts at respirator weaning, we experienced a successful TLT for a 71-year-old male patient with intractable post CABG pneumonia post-op 15 days in an intensive care unit. During and post-TLT courses were not eventful. The cannula was removed 2 weeks after TLT and the patient was subsequently discharged to ward.
Aged ; Catheters ; Heart* ; Humans ; Intensive Care Units ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; Male ; Pneumonia ; Respiration, Artificial ; Thoracic Surgery* ; Tracheostomy* ; Ventilator Weaning

OBJECTIVES: This study was intended to investigate the differences of job stressors between managers and low level employees among white-collar workers. Another objective of this study was to examine whether the effects of job stressors on mental health differ between the two groups. METHODS: Data was obtained from 204 managers and 251 low level employees who were employed in white-collar jobs. Fourteen job stressors and seven job stress variables were measured. RESULTS: Among the 14 job stressors, role overload, job insecurity, and work-family conflict were higher job stressors for the manager group whereas role conflict, work-aptitude incongruity, participation in decision making, and promotion problems were higher job stressors for the low level of employees. There were no differences in job stress scores between the two groups. However, differences in the effects of job stressors on job stress were found between the two groups. For the manager group, job insecurity, work-aptitude incongruity, and work-family conflict significantly affected in explanation of job stress whereas for the low level employees, role underload, peer satisfaction, and environmental problems significantly explaining the job stress variables. CONCLUSIONS: There were significant differences in job stressors between managers and low level employees among white-collar workers. Additionally there were differences in the effects of job stressors on job stress between the two groups.
Decision Making ; Mental Health

No abstract available.
Blood Flow Velocity* ; Pregnancy* ; Umbilical Arteries*

Aspicilia humida Lee is described as a new lichen-forming fungus from a wetland forest, South Korea. The new species is distinguishable from Aspicilia aquatica (Fr.) Körb., the most similar species, by the absence of prothallus, black disk without green color in water, olivebrown epihymenium, shorter hymenium, hymenium I þ yellowish blue-green, wider paraphysial tips without a vivid pigment, smaller asci, smaller ascospores, and the presence of stictic acid. Molecular analyses employing internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and mitochondrial small subunit (mtSSU) sequences strongly support A. humida as a distinct species in the A. cinerea group. A surrogate key is provided to assist in the identification of all 28 aspicilioid species of Korea.

No abstract available.
Female ; Female* ; Genitalia, Female* ; Humans ; Incidence*