Noncystic fibrosis bronchiectasis is a chronic respiratory disease that carries high socioeconomic and medical burdens and is caused by diverse respiratory illnesses. To improve clinical outcomes, early recognition, active treatment of exacerbations, and prevention of further exacerbations are essential. However, evidence for the treatment and prevention of acute exacerbation of noncystic fibrosis bronchiectasis, especially in children, is lacking. Therefore, the evidence- and consensus-based guidelines for medical and nonmedical treatment strategies for noncystic fibrosis bronchiectasis in children and adolescents were developed by the Korean Academy of Pediatric Allergy and Respiratory Disease using the methods recommended by the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation working group with evidence published through July 2, 2020. This guideline encompasses evidence-based treatment recommendations as well as expert opinions, addressing crucial aspects of the treatment and management of non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis in children. This includes considerations for antibiotics and airway clearance strategies, particularly in areas where evidence may be limited. Large, well-designed, and controlled studies are required to accumulate further evidence of management strategies for noncystic fibrosis bronchiectasis in children and adolescents.

Noncystic fibrosis bronchiectasis is a chronic respiratory disease that carries high socioeconomic and medical burdens and is caused by diverse respiratory illnesses. To improve clinical outcomes, early recognition, active treatment of exacerbations, and prevention of further exacerbations are essential. However, evidence for the treatment and prevention of acute exacerbation of noncystic fibrosis bronchiectasis, especially in children, is lacking. Therefore, the evidence- and consensus-based guidelines for medical and nonmedical treatment strategies for noncystic fibrosis bronchiectasis in children and adolescents were developed by the Korean Academy of Pediatric Allergy and Respiratory Disease using the methods recommended by the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation working group with evidence published through July 2, 2020. This guideline encompasses evidence-based treatment recommendations as well as expert opinions, addressing crucial aspects of the treatment and management of non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis in children. This includes considerations for antibiotics and airway clearance strategies, particularly in areas where evidence may be limited. Large, well-designed, and controlled studies are required to accumulate further evidence of management strategies for noncystic fibrosis bronchiectasis in children and adolescents.

Noncystic fibrosis bronchiectasis is a chronic respiratory disease that carries high socioeconomic and medical burdens and is caused by diverse respiratory illnesses. To improve clinical outcomes, early recognition, active treatment of exacerbations, and prevention of further exacerbations are essential. However, evidence for the treatment and prevention of acute exacerbation of noncystic fibrosis bronchiectasis, especially in children, is lacking. Therefore, the evidence- and consensus-based guidelines for medical and nonmedical treatment strategies for noncystic fibrosis bronchiectasis in children and adolescents were developed by the Korean Academy of Pediatric Allergy and Respiratory Disease using the methods recommended by the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation working group with evidence published through July 2, 2020. This guideline encompasses evidence-based treatment recommendations as well as expert opinions, addressing crucial aspects of the treatment and management of non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis in children. This includes considerations for antibiotics and airway clearance strategies, particularly in areas where evidence may be limited. Large, well-designed, and controlled studies are required to accumulate further evidence of management strategies for noncystic fibrosis bronchiectasis in children and adolescents.

Noncystic fibrosis bronchiectasis is a chronic respiratory disease that carries high socioeconomic and medical burdens and is caused by diverse respiratory illnesses. To improve clinical outcomes, early recognition, active treatment of exacerbations, and prevention of further exacerbations are essential. However, evidence for the treatment and prevention of acute exacerbation of noncystic fibrosis bronchiectasis, especially in children, is lacking. Therefore, the evidence- and consensus-based guidelines for medical and nonmedical treatment strategies for noncystic fibrosis bronchiectasis in children and adolescents were developed by the Korean Academy of Pediatric Allergy and Respiratory Disease using the methods recommended by the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation working group with evidence published through July 2, 2020. This guideline encompasses evidence-based treatment recommendations as well as expert opinions, addressing crucial aspects of the treatment and management of non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis in children. This includes considerations for antibiotics and airway clearance strategies, particularly in areas where evidence may be limited. Large, well-designed, and controlled studies are required to accumulate further evidence of management strategies for noncystic fibrosis bronchiectasis in children and adolescents.

Background and Objectives: The transformation of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) treatment in Korea, ushered by targeted therapy’s advent, prompted our analysis of baseline attributes, treatment trends, and survival shifts within our single-center registry. Methods: We examined 230 patients (72.6% female, mean age 40.6±17.4 years) diagnosed and/or treated between 1980 and 2021 in our PAH clinic. Given targeted therapy’s introduction and active use since 2007, we compared diagnostic classification, demographics, and treatment patterns at that juncture. Survival analysis encompassed PAH types and the overall population. For historical survival comparison, 50 non-registry patients were retrospectively added, and age-sex matching enabled pooled analysis. Results: Congenital heart disease-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension (CHD-PAH) constituted the largest subset (43.0%), trailed by connective tissue disease-associated PAH (CTD-PAH, 29.6%) and idiopathic PAH (IPAH, 19.1%). Post-2007, CTD-PAH proportions surged, notably with an elevated initiation rate of targeted therapy (95.4%). Overall survival rates at 1, 5, and 10 years stood at 91.3%, 77.4%, and 65.8%, respectively, with CHD-PAH exhibiting superior survival to idiopathic or CTD-PAH. Age-sex matching analysis indicated survival disparities between those starting immediate targeted therapy vs. conservative treatment upon diagnosis, especially driven by IPAH. Conclusions In the post-introduction of the targeted therapy era, patients with PAH promptly started treatment right away, and higher survival rates of patients who started initial PAH-targeted therapy were demonstrated. The transition towards early treatment initiation might have likely contributed to the elevated survival rates observed in Korea’s PAH patient cohort.

Background and Objectives: The transformation of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) treatment in Korea, ushered by targeted therapy’s advent, prompted our analysis of baseline attributes, treatment trends, and survival shifts within our single-center registry. Methods: We examined 230 patients (72.6% female, mean age 40.6±17.4 years) diagnosed and/or treated between 1980 and 2021 in our PAH clinic. Given targeted therapy’s introduction and active use since 2007, we compared diagnostic classification, demographics, and treatment patterns at that juncture. Survival analysis encompassed PAH types and the overall population. For historical survival comparison, 50 non-registry patients were retrospectively added, and age-sex matching enabled pooled analysis. Results: Congenital heart disease-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension (CHD-PAH) constituted the largest subset (43.0%), trailed by connective tissue disease-associated PAH (CTD-PAH, 29.6%) and idiopathic PAH (IPAH, 19.1%). Post-2007, CTD-PAH proportions surged, notably with an elevated initiation rate of targeted therapy (95.4%). Overall survival rates at 1, 5, and 10 years stood at 91.3%, 77.4%, and 65.8%, respectively, with CHD-PAH exhibiting superior survival to idiopathic or CTD-PAH. Age-sex matching analysis indicated survival disparities between those starting immediate targeted therapy vs. conservative treatment upon diagnosis, especially driven by IPAH. Conclusions In the post-introduction of the targeted therapy era, patients with PAH promptly started treatment right away, and higher survival rates of patients who started initial PAH-targeted therapy were demonstrated. The transition towards early treatment initiation might have likely contributed to the elevated survival rates observed in Korea’s PAH patient cohort.

Background and Objectives: The transformation of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) treatment in Korea, ushered by targeted therapy’s advent, prompted our analysis of baseline attributes, treatment trends, and survival shifts within our single-center registry. Methods: We examined 230 patients (72.6% female, mean age 40.6±17.4 years) diagnosed and/or treated between 1980 and 2021 in our PAH clinic. Given targeted therapy’s introduction and active use since 2007, we compared diagnostic classification, demographics, and treatment patterns at that juncture. Survival analysis encompassed PAH types and the overall population. For historical survival comparison, 50 non-registry patients were retrospectively added, and age-sex matching enabled pooled analysis. Results: Congenital heart disease-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension (CHD-PAH) constituted the largest subset (43.0%), trailed by connective tissue disease-associated PAH (CTD-PAH, 29.6%) and idiopathic PAH (IPAH, 19.1%). Post-2007, CTD-PAH proportions surged, notably with an elevated initiation rate of targeted therapy (95.4%). Overall survival rates at 1, 5, and 10 years stood at 91.3%, 77.4%, and 65.8%, respectively, with CHD-PAH exhibiting superior survival to idiopathic or CTD-PAH. Age-sex matching analysis indicated survival disparities between those starting immediate targeted therapy vs. conservative treatment upon diagnosis, especially driven by IPAH. Conclusions In the post-introduction of the targeted therapy era, patients with PAH promptly started treatment right away, and higher survival rates of patients who started initial PAH-targeted therapy were demonstrated. The transition towards early treatment initiation might have likely contributed to the elevated survival rates observed in Korea’s PAH patient cohort.

Background and Objectives: The transformation of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) treatment in Korea, ushered by targeted therapy’s advent, prompted our analysis of baseline attributes, treatment trends, and survival shifts within our single-center registry. Methods: We examined 230 patients (72.6% female, mean age 40.6±17.4 years) diagnosed and/or treated between 1980 and 2021 in our PAH clinic. Given targeted therapy’s introduction and active use since 2007, we compared diagnostic classification, demographics, and treatment patterns at that juncture. Survival analysis encompassed PAH types and the overall population. For historical survival comparison, 50 non-registry patients were retrospectively added, and age-sex matching enabled pooled analysis. Results: Congenital heart disease-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension (CHD-PAH) constituted the largest subset (43.0%), trailed by connective tissue disease-associated PAH (CTD-PAH, 29.6%) and idiopathic PAH (IPAH, 19.1%). Post-2007, CTD-PAH proportions surged, notably with an elevated initiation rate of targeted therapy (95.4%). Overall survival rates at 1, 5, and 10 years stood at 91.3%, 77.4%, and 65.8%, respectively, with CHD-PAH exhibiting superior survival to idiopathic or CTD-PAH. Age-sex matching analysis indicated survival disparities between those starting immediate targeted therapy vs. conservative treatment upon diagnosis, especially driven by IPAH. Conclusions In the post-introduction of the targeted therapy era, patients with PAH promptly started treatment right away, and higher survival rates of patients who started initial PAH-targeted therapy were demonstrated. The transition towards early treatment initiation might have likely contributed to the elevated survival rates observed in Korea’s PAH patient cohort.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is the most prevalent inflammatory skin condition, with approximately 80% of cases originating in childhood and some emerging in adulthood. In South Korea, the estimated prevalence of AD ranges between 10% and 20% in children and 1% and 3% in adults. Severe/recalcitrant AD manifests as a chronic, relapsing skin disorder, persisting with uncontrolled symptoms even after topical steroid treatment. Corticosteroids and systemic immunosuppression, conventionally the standard care for difficult-to-treat diseases, cause numerous undesirable side effects. When AD persists despite topical steroid application, systemic therapies like cyclosporine or systemic steroids become the second treatment strategy. The desire for targeted treatments, along with an enhanced understanding of AD’s pathophysiology, has spurred novel therapeutic development. Recent advances introduce novel systemic options, such as biological agents and small-molecule therapy, tailored to treat severe or recalcitrant AD. Notably, dupilumab, a monoclonal antibody inhibiting interleukin 4 and 13, marked a transformative breakthrough upon gaining approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2017, leading to a paradigm shift in the systemic treatment of AD. Furthermore, both dupilumab and Janus kinase inhibitors, including baricitinib, abrocitinib, and tofacitinib, now approved by the Korean FDA, have established their applicability in clinical practice. These innovative therapeutic agents have demonstrated favorable clinical outcomes, effectively addressing moderate to severe AD with fewer side reactions than those associated with previous systemic immunosuppressants. This review summarizes the latest advancements and evidence regarding systemic treatments for AD, including newly approved drugs in Korea.

Background: The risk of device thrombosis and device-oriented clinical outcomes with bioresorbable vascular scaffold (BVS) was reported to be significantly higher than with contemporary drug-eluting stents (DESs). However, optimal device implantation may improve clinical outcomes in patients receiving BVS. The current study evaluated mid-term safety and efficacy of Absorb BVS with meticulous device optimization under intravascular imaging guidance. Methods: The SMART-REWARD and PERSPECTIVE-PCI registries in Korea prospectively enrolled 390 patients with BVS and 675 patients with DES, respectively. The primary endpoint was target vessel failure (TVF) at 2 years and the secondary major endpoint was patientoriented composite outcome (POCO) at 2 years. Results: Patient-level pooled analysis evaluated 1,003 patients (377 patients with BVS and 626 patients with DES). Mean scaffold diameter per lesion was 3.24 ± 0.30 mm in BVS group.Most BVSs were implanted with pre-dilatation (90.9%), intravascular imaging guidance (74.9%), and post-dilatation (73.1%) at proximal to mid segment (81.9%) in target vessel.Patients treated with BVS showed comparable risks of 2-year TVF (2.9% vs. 3.7%, adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 1.283, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.487–3.378, P = 0.615) and 2-year POCO (4.5% vs. 5.9%, adjusted HR, 1.413, 95% CI, 0.663–3.012,P = 0.370) than those with DES. The rate of 2-year definite or probable device thrombosis (0.3% vs. 0.5%, P = 0.424) was also similar. The sensitivity analyses consistently showed comparable risk of TVF and POCO between the 2 groups. Conclusion With meticulous device optimization under imaging guidance and avoidance of implantation in small vessels, BVS showed comparable risks of 2-year TVF and device thrombosis with DES.