No abstract available.
Osteochondritis Dissecans* ; Osteochondritis*

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to compare in vivo biofilm formation on titanium surface and zirconia surface. MATERIALS AND METHODS: For biofilm formation on titanium and zirconia in oral cavity, after producing oral appliances using acrylic resin and orthodontic wire tailored to 9 subjects, we made titanium and zirconia specimens (6 mm x 6 mm x 2 mm), fixed them on oral appliances and maintained them in oral cavity of test subjects for 24 and 72 hours. Test subjects who have equipped two pairs of specimens maintained oral hygiene not by using toothpaste but only by tooth brushing. After 24 and 72 hours, we removed and observed specimens through scanning electron microscopy (SEM). RESULTS: Biofilm formation showed large deviation depending on individuals. For formation comparison between titanium and zirconia for 24 hours, zirconia showed less biofilm formation than titanium. Biofilm formation showed large deviation depending on individuals. As for formation comparison between zirconia and titanium, the degree of biofilm formation in zirconia was less than it was in titanium after a lapse of 24 hours. The result of biofilm formation in 72 hours trial show that zirconia has an inclination to formate less biofilm than it was in titanium. CONCLUSION: Based on the above results, we can conclude that early biofilm formation in oral cavity was influenced by difference of abutment materials.
Biofilms* ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Mouth ; Oral Hygiene ; Orthodontic Wires ; Titanium* ; Tooth ; Toothpastes ; Zirconium

Strabismus is defined as an ocular misalignment. Since it can cause not only impaired visual function but also social handicap and tremendous emotional stress, the care of patients with strabismus should include psychological and social aspects. Although strabismus is one of the major fields in pediatric ophthalmology and neuro-ophthalmology, its precise mechanism and etiology are still unknown. It can be inherited from strabismic parents, or be derived from the anomalous structure, neurologic deficits, and refractive errors. The diagnosis of strabismus can be made by covering one eye, and the degree of strabismus can be quantified by the alternate prism cover test. Recently MRI is used widely for the diagnosis of various anomalous orbital and muscular structures, especially to investigate heterotopia of extraocular muscle pulley. The treatment modalities for strabismus are either surgical or nonsurgical. Surgical treatments can be made by recession or resection of the involved extraocular muscle. The adjustable suture technique was introduced in 1970s, which has been the gold standard among surgical treatment modalities. Nonsurgical treatments include prism, glasses, bifocal lenses, and drugs. A young strabismic patient may have amblyopia and decreased stereoacuity due to abnormal interaction between the sound eye and the deviating eye. Once amblyopia is detected, immediate treatment is needed to correct the visual dysfunction. Recent efforts to elucidate the mechanisms of strabismus are believed to unravel the mysterious pathophysiology in the near future.
Amblyopia ; Diagnosis* ; Eyeglasses ; Glass ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Ocular Motility Disorders ; Ophthalmology ; Orbit ; Parents ; Refractive Errors ; Strabismus* ; Stress, Psychological ; Suture Techniques

The purpose of the study is to evaluate the induced astigmatism after spherical LASIK operations. A total of 36 eyes of 33 patients were treated with a Automated keratome and VISX 20/20 excimer laser. The postoperative 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months astigmatic refractive outcomes were compared with the initial refraction by vector analysis (Alpins and Holladay method). Subjective astigmatic refraction reduced from a mean of 0.48D+/-SD 0.49D(range, 0 to 1.75D) to 0.34D+/-SD 0.54D(range, 0 to 2.0D) at postoperative 6 months.Surgically induced astigmatism(SIA) had a mean of 0.53+/-0.69D(range: 0~2.49D) at 1 month, 0.49+/-0.61D(range: 0~2.79D) at 3 months, 0.62+/-0.72D(range: 0~3.14D) at 6 months follow-up. Mean SIA increased with increasing preoperative astigmatism by 0.45D SIA for every 0.5D of preoperative cylinder(Correlation coefficient: 0.618). The authors show that spherical LASIK corrections can induce significant astigmatic change, particularly if a large amount of preoperative astigmatism is present.
Astigmatism* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Keratomileusis, Laser In Situ* ; Lasers, Excimer

No abstract available.
Adult ; Autoantibodies/*blood ; Gangliosides/blood/*immunology ; Humans ; Male ; Ophthalmoplegia/blood/*diagnosis/immunology ; Recurrence ; Syndrome

PURPOSE: An adjustable fadenoperation is recently developed surgical procedure which was designed to use adjustable suture by combining resection and recession of a single rectus muscle. An inferior rectus recession, especially on an adjustable suture, has a drawback which allows slippage of the muscle and may cause an postoperative overcorrection. Therefore, we performed so called "Reinforced adjustable fadenoperation", a procedure that added the reinforced fixation suture to the new insertion site of the sclera, and hereby we report the case. METHODS: A fifty three year-old man with right inferior rectus muscle palsy was treated with reinforced adjustable fadenoperation. Under the topical anesthesia, we performed 11 mm resection and adjustable 12 mm recession until diplopia was diappeared. To prevent postoperative slippage of the new insertion, reinforced suture was fixed at the sclera using 5-0 Polyester (Dacron(R)). RESULTS: On postoperative 1 month, ocular motility examination showed an orthophoria in primary gaze and also in down gaze by 25 degrees. Binocular diplopia-free field was expanded except in extreme down gaze. CONCLUSIONS: The reinforced adjustable fadenoperation is a modification of the conventional fadenoperation or the adjustable fadenoperation. It may be applied to the inferior rectus muscle surgery which is known for the slippage of the muscle.
Anesthesia ; Diplopia ; Paralysis ; Polyesters ; Sclera ; Sutures ; Telescopes

PURPOSE: Inferior oblique palsy is the least commonly isolated extraocular muscle palsy. We describe the clinical features and managements of 2 cases of traumatic inferior oblique palsy. METHODS: Two adult patients were presented with vertical diplopia and head tilt posture after head trauma. The subjects fulfilled the three-step test criteria, with a hypertropia that worsened on side gaze and head tilt away from the affected eye. They showed free forced duction to elevation in adduction. Both were treated by ipsilateral superior oblique tenotomy and contralateral superior rectus recession with adjustable suture technique. RESULTS: During postoperative 7 month observation, both patients demonstrated orthophoria in primary gaze. Our surgical procedures eliminated the diplopia and abnormal head tilt posture, thereby achieving satisfactory results.
Adult ; Craniocerebral Trauma ; Diplopia ; Head ; Humans ; Paralysis* ; Posture ; Strabismus ; Suture Techniques ; Tenotomy

No abstract available.
Humans ; Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome* ; Onycholysis*

The escalating conflict between the government and medical community, particularly the increase in medical school admissions by 2,000, has plunged Korea into a pressing healthcare crisis. This study delves into the heart of this dispute and proposes solutions to tackle critical issues in essential and regional healthcare.Current Concepts: Despite government assertions, the number of active physicians in Korea is increasing rapidly. With a similar physician-to-population ratio (2.65 per 1,000 inhabitants by 2022), Japan is reducing its number of medical school admissions. Korea is facing a severe shortage of essential medical fields crucial for public health, and significant regional healthcare disparities. These issues stem not from a lack of physicians, but from poor working conditions and inadequate payment systems of the National Health Insurance Services of Korea, leading to an inequitable medical ecosystem. It is crucial that policies affecting public health, such as increasing medical school admissions, are meticulously evaluated. This evaluation should consider future population projections, healthcare supply and demand systems, and financial aspects. Furthermore, any changes in medical policy should be grounded in scientific evidence and implemented in close collaboration with medical experts.Discussion and Conclusion: To effectively address imbalances in essential and regional healthcare, it is imperative to normalize the healthcare delivery system and foster an environment that motivates physicians to work voluntarily in these sectors. This change necessitates the implementation of supportive measures and financial strategies developed through extensive consultations with the medical community.

The escalating conflict between the government and medical community, particularly the increase in medical school admissions by 2,000, has plunged Korea into a pressing healthcare crisis. This study delves into the heart of this dispute and proposes solutions to tackle critical issues in essential and regional healthcare.Current Concepts: Despite government assertions, the number of active physicians in Korea is increasing rapidly. With a similar physician-to-population ratio (2.65 per 1,000 inhabitants by 2022), Japan is reducing its number of medical school admissions. Korea is facing a severe shortage of essential medical fields crucial for public health, and significant regional healthcare disparities. These issues stem not from a lack of physicians, but from poor working conditions and inadequate payment systems of the National Health Insurance Services of Korea, leading to an inequitable medical ecosystem. It is crucial that policies affecting public health, such as increasing medical school admissions, are meticulously evaluated. This evaluation should consider future population projections, healthcare supply and demand systems, and financial aspects. Furthermore, any changes in medical policy should be grounded in scientific evidence and implemented in close collaboration with medical experts.Discussion and Conclusion: To effectively address imbalances in essential and regional healthcare, it is imperative to normalize the healthcare delivery system and foster an environment that motivates physicians to work voluntarily in these sectors. This change necessitates the implementation of supportive measures and financial strategies developed through extensive consultations with the medical community.