No abstract available.
Obstetrics*

The authors present a case of macular dystrophy of the cornea which is inherited as a recessive trait. The patient was 43 years old female housewife who had suffered from photophobia, frequent tearing, foreign body sensation and gradually increasing visual dimness since early childhood. Partial penetrating keratoplasty was performed. We had a study of the histopathologic findings for a case of macular dystrophy of the cornea with a brief review of relating literatures.
Adult ; Cornea* ; Female ; Foreign Bodies ; Humans ; Keratoplasty, Penetrating ; Macular Degeneration* ; Photophobia ; Sensation ; Tears

The authors experienced a case of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma. The patient was 13 years old bov who had exophthalmos, ocular deviation to upper direction and visual disturbance of his left eye. We excised the exposed mass of tumor by exploration of the orbit and postoperative irradiation with Cobalt-60 was followed. There were no signs of recurrence of the tumor or metastasis to the other part of body until now, 7 months after surgery. We had a study of the histopathologic findings for a case of rhabdomyosarcoma with a brief review of relating literature.
Adolescent ; Exophthalmos ; Humans ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Orbit* ; Recurrence ; Rhabdomyosarcoma* ; Rhabdomyosarcoma, Embryonal

OBJECTIVES: This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of an internet-based anger management program for school-aged children. METHODS: Forty-eight elementary school students took part in an anger management training program; subsequently, participants, their parents, and their teachers answered questionnaires assessing the participants' anger, aggressiveness, and other emotional/behavioral problems, pre- and post-training. RESULTS: At the post-training self-assessment, the participants showed significant reductions in their "anger-out" tendencies and physical aggressiveness. In addition, the effects of the program on "anger-out" tendencies, aggressiveness, anger and peer relational problem were found to be more significant in participants who reported depressive symptoms. Teachers rated the participants' peer-relational problems as having decreased after the training. CONCLUSION: The proposed internet-based anger management program had a significant effect on the school-aged children's abilities to control their anger.
Anger* ; Child* ; Depression ; Education ; Humans ; Parents ; Self-Assessment ; Violence* ; Surveys and Questionnaires

BACKGROUND: The criteria established by Light et al in 1972 have been used widely for the differential diagnosis of the pleural effusions in transudates and exsudates. However, in recent years, several reports have agreed that these criteria misclassified an important number of effusions. For this reason, different parameters have been proposed for differentiation the transudates from exudates. Nevertheless, all these alternative parameters have not been better than the past criteria of Light et al. In response the usefulness of two parameters for differentiation pleural transudate from exudates were evaluated : pleural fluid cholinesterase level and pleural fluid to serum cholinesterase ratio. METHODS: A total of forty-three patient with know causes of the pleura effusion by diagnostic thoracentesis were studied. The following criteria for differentiating the pleural effusions in transudates and exsudates were analyzed : Light's criteria, the pleural fluid cholesterol level, the pleural fluid to serum cholesterol ratio. the pleural fluid cholinesterase level, and the pleural fluid to serum cholinesterase ratio. RESULTS: The conditions of forty-three patients were diagnosed. Ten were classified as having transudates and thirty-three as exudates. The percentage of effusions misclassified by each parameter was as follows : Light's criteria, 9.3% ; pleural fluid cholesterol, 2.3% ; pleural fluid to serum cholesterol ratio, 2.3% ; pleural fluid cholinesterase, 4.7% ; and pleural fluid to serum cholinesterase ratio, 2.3%. CONCLUSIONS: The pleural fluid to serum cholinesterase ratio is one of the accurate criteria for differentiating pleural transudates from exudates. If further studies confirm these results, the cholinesterase ratio could be used as the first step in the evaluation of pleural effusion and if evaluated together with the other criteria, the differentiation of pleural transudate from exsudates will become more accurate.
Cholesterol ; Cholinesterases* ; Diagnosis, Differential* ; Exudates and Transudates* ; Humans ; Pleura ; Pleural Effusion

No abstract available.
Humans

BACKGROUND: Mobilized peripheral blood stem cells (PBSCs) are now used increasingly in patients with hematologic and solid tumors to reconstitute hematopoiesis after dose-intensive chemotherapy. We evaluated the efficacy of large-volume leukapheresis (LVL) and compared the ability of Fenwal CS3000 Plus and Cobe Spectra to collect mononuclear cells (MNCs) for PBSCT. METHODS: Twenty liters of whole blood per LVL were processed in 22 patients with acute leukemia and lymphoma. LVL were performed in rapid recovery phase (white cells >3x109/L, or CD34+ cells > 1% of white cells) after chemotherapy followed by granulocyte-colony stimulating factor. The end point of LVL was mononuclear cells (MNCs) >8x108/kg, or CD34+ cells > 6x106/kg. A-35 collection chamber was used in Fenwal CS3000 Plus and whole blood flow was set at 85mL/min, whole blood to anticoagulant ratio 11~13:1, interface offset 150. MNC procedure was used in Cobe Spectra, whole blood flow was 90~100mL/min, whole blood to anticoagulant ratio 24:1 with heparin to anticoagulant and product bags, collection rate 1mL/min, and hematocrit 2~3%. RESULTS: Total 53 LVL (35 with Fenwal CS3000 Plus and 18 with Cobe Spectra) were performed on 22 patients. An average of 2.4 LVL per patient (range 1~4) were performed. With Fenwal CS3000 Plus, post-LVL values of hematocrit, platelets and MNCs were reduced by 12.4%, 53.1%, and 33.0% and with Cobe Spectra, 9.2%, 36.1%, and 39.6%, respectively. Mean collection volume of Fenwal CS3000 Plus and Cobe Spectra were 135.7mL and 175.2mL per LVL, respectively. There was no statistical significant difference in the yields of LVL between Fenwal CS3000 Plus (3.4+/-1.9x108/kg MNCs, 7.2+/-11.2x106/kg CD34+ cells) and Spectra (4.7+/-2.1x108/kg MNCs, 7.4+/-9.6x106/kg CD34+ cells). The yields of LVL were correlated well with patients' pre-MNC counts in both cell separators. Mean percentages of MNC were 95.4% with Fenwal CS3000 Plus and 74.0% with Cobe Spectra (P<0.001) and collection efficiencies were 53.6+/-18.8% and 57.3+/-27.8%, respectively (P> 0.05). LVL product with Cobe Spectra contained less red cells (10.5+/-2.7mL) than Fenwal CS3000 Plus (34.1+/-10.8mL) (P<0.001). Platelet contamination was not different for Fenwal CS3000 Plus (2.3+/-2.1x1011) and Cobe Spectra (3.1+/-1.0x1011). CONCLUSION: LVL could be conveniently used for PBSC collection with good collection efficiency and safety without serious citrate toxicities. LVL products with Fenwal CS3000 Plus showed less collection volume and granulocyte contamination. The products with Cobe Spectra showed less red cell contamination and less decrease in patients' platelet counts.
Blood Platelets ; Citric Acid ; Drug Therapy ; Granulocytes ; Hematocrit ; Hematopoiesis ; Heparin ; Humans ; Leukapheresis* ; Leukemia ; Lymphoma ; Platelet Count ; Stem Cells*

Liver transplantation (LT) has been widely performed and has become the treatment of choice in patients with medically non-treatable liver disorders. With surgical and medical advancements, LT recipients are now able to live a near-to-normal life. Pregnancy has also become possible in female LT patients. However, there are still several potential risk factors that must be considered in these particular patients. LT patients have a higher risk of anesthesia and are at high risk for delivering babies with prematurity and low birth weight. We report a case of successful spinal anesthesia in a 31-year-old LT patient for cesarean section.
Adult ; Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, Spinal* ; Cesarean Section* ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Low Birth Weight ; Infant, Newborn ; Liver Transplantation ; Liver* ; Pregnancy ; Risk Factors ; Transplantation*

BACKGROUND: A retrospective study was performed to estimate the frequency of red cell antibodies in blood donors (n=1,620,023) and transfusion candidates (SNUH n=12,111, YUMH n=26,665) for last 2 years (2000~2001). The results of the antibody screening and identification tests, the frequency and specificities of antibodies identified compared with blood centers and two hospitals had been used the different test methods each others. METHOD: Blood centers had been used tube and micro-plate method simultaneously with an in house and commercial panels. SNUH had been used micro-plate method using V plate with an in house and commercial panels. YUMH had been used gel agglutination technique (DiaMed ID System : DiaMed, Murten; Switzerland) since 1998. RESULTS: The frequencies of red blood cell antibodies were 0.26% (4,204 / 1,620,023 donor sera ), 0.11% (135 / 12,111 patient sera in SNUH) and 0.48% (128 / 26,665 patient sera in YUMH). Female donors and old ages showed higher frequency of red cell antibodies than male and young ages. Most of antibodies detected in donors were clinically less relevant antibodies such as Anti-Lea and Leb (38.9%), anti-P1 (18.1%), anti-H(IH) (8.4%), anti-M (6.2%) and so on. Clinically significant antibodies including Rh system antibodies (2.0%) were few, and composed only 12% of all the antibodies detected. In patients, clinically relevant antibodies including Rh antibodies (40.4% in SNUH, 71.9% in YUMH) were more frequently observed comparing with in donors. CONCLUSION: Antibodies found in donors were mostly clinically less relevant. Antibody screening method used in blood centers would be standardized. Blood banks using gel technique showed high detection rate of clinically significant antibodies comparing with facilities using other methods.
Agglutination ; Antibodies* ; Antibody Specificity ; Blood Banks ; Blood Donors* ; Erythrocytes ; Female ; Humans ; Korea* ; Male ; Mass Screening ; Retrospective Studies ; Tissue Donors

PURPOSE: The purpose of this article was to review the effectiveness of arthroscopic debridement and tuberoplasty, and to evaluate the clinical and radiologic results of our series for irreparable massive rotator cuff tears in the elderly. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed articles that focused on the treatment options and decision making for irreparable massive rotator cuff tears. In particular, we summarized the reported results of arthroscopic debridement and tuberoplasty for irreparable massive rotator cuff tears in the elderly. Among consecutive patients who had arthroscopic tuberoplasty for irreparable massive rotator cuff tears in our series, thirty-two patients available for clinical and radiological evaluation at a mean follow-up of 29 months (range, 13-52 months) were enrolled and reviewed for the analysis. RESULTS: At the last follow-up, the range of active forward flexion increased significantly with excellent pain relief and improvement in the ability to perform the activities of daily living. However, the group with less than 2 mm in preoperative acromiohumeral distance showed inferior postoperative results. CONCLUSION: Arthroscopic tuberoplasty may be an alternative option in irreparable massive rotator cuff tears for pain relief and improvement of range of motion. However, good results can not be expected if the acromiohumeral distance is less than 2 mm preoperatively and decreases postoperatively, or when the preoperative range of motion is less than 90degrees on flexion and abduction.
Activities of Daily Living ; Aged ; Debridement ; Decision Making ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Rotator Cuff ; Shoulder