The type-specific PCR and the sequence analysis of 56 kDa gene of Orientia tsutsugamushi infected in field rodents specimens have shown intratypic genetic heterogeneity in genotype Karp. In sequence comparison, this genetic heterogeneity was mainly due to insertion or deletion of a repeated unit in variable domain I (VDI) region. These results suggested that genetic duplication or deletion of the specific sequence rnight be involved in intratypic genetic heterogeneity of Orientia tsutsugamushi.
Genetic Heterogeneity* ; Genotype* ; Orientia tsutsugamushi* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Rodentia ; Sequence Analysis

No abstract available.
Carcinoma, Renal Cell* ; Prostate*

No abstract available.
Carcinoma, Renal Cell* ; Prostate*

25 Patients were received major spinal surgeries at main operating theater of Kangnam General Hospital from May 1990 to December 1990 by using the Haemonetics cell saver which was employed as an intraoperative blood salvage and autologous blood transfuser. The products of washed red blood cells were an average of 1490 cc packed RBC per case. Under the Light Microscopy, Washed RBC disclosed the morphologies of normal RBC size and shape. Fragmented RBCs or cell debris were not found and in one case agglutinated and denaturated RBCs were seen. While 20 patients were received spinal surgery prior to the utilization of cell saver, an average of 7.85 units of banked whole blood was transfused compared with 5.55 units in the cases of using the cell saver (p<0.05). Homologous banked blood utilization during spinal surgery declined more than 30% with the use of the cell saver. There was no evidence of infection, renal and/or hepatic failure related to the use of the cell saver. Haemonetics cell saver appeared to be safe, efficient and more over in some instanes life saving.
Erythrocytes ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Liver Failure ; Microscopy ; Operative Blood Salvage*

Primary ovarian pregnancy is comparatively rare in ectopic pregnancy. Ovarian pregnancy occurs in corpus luteum cyst and is usually accompanied with the rupture of ovary and a massive hemoperitoneum. It presents as a hemorrhagic ovary and frequently misdiagnosed as a ruptured corpus luteum. Spiegelberg's criteria should be fulfilled for the diagnosis of ovarian pregnancy. Two cases of ovarian pregnancy were presented with a brief review of the literatures.
Corpus Luteum ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Hemoperitoneum ; Ovarian Cysts ; Ovary ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Ectopic* ; Rupture

We would like to correct the affiliation for the first author.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to determine an adequate minimal concentration of lidocaine in a stellate ganglion block for decreasing a false positive response to a diagnostic sympathetic blockade determining whether the patient's pain is SMP or SIP. METHODS: This crossover study was performed in twenty patients with sudden sensory neural hearing loss. All patients received three times SGB using three different concentrations (1%, 0.5% and 0.25%) of 8 ml lidocaine at the sixth cervical vertebral level via an anterior paratracheal approach. The blocks were separately done at one week intervals in random order. The occurrence, onset time and action duration of Horner's syndrome were observed after each SGB. RESULTS: Positive cranial sympathetic blockade (Horner' syndrome) was present in all patients using 1% and 0.5% lidocaine. It was present in 60% of the patients using 0.25% lidocaine. Onset time was not significantly different among the three groups. Action duration of 1% and 0.5% lidocaine groups was significantly longer than the 0.25% lidocaine group. There was no critical side effects, and temporary foreign body sensation was the most common side effect. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggest that 0.5% lidocaine is an adequate minimal concentration for diagnostic SGB. Therefore, we recommend that 0.5% lidocaine instead 1% should be used in diagnostic SGB to decrease a false positive response to a sympathetic blockade.
Anesthetics ; Cross-Over Studies ; Foreign Bodies ; Hearing Loss ; Horner Syndrome ; Humans ; Lidocaine* ; Sensation ; Stellate Ganglion*

In order to find a highly efficient compound against Clonorchis infection, the anthelmintic activity of disophenol, Tremerad (SYD-230), dithiazanine iodide, dehydroemetine-late-release tablets(RO 1-9334/20), niridazole (Ambilhar), hexachlorophene (G-11), Hetol(1, 4-bis-trichloromethylbenzol) and Bilevon (niclofolan) was tested against Clonorchis sinensis experimentally infected rabbits. All drugs showed a progressive increase in efficacy as the dose rate. They were highly efficient against Clonorchis infection if sufficiently high, potentially toxic doses were given. The efficacy was evaluated by the number of detected worms with vital condition at autopsy after the treatment with above drugs. The high efficacy was observed at the following dose rates of each drugs, i.e. disophenol at a single dose of 30 mg/kg, Tremerad at the daily dose of 200 mg/kg for 10 consecutive days, dithiazanine iodide at the daily dose of 50 mg/kg for 6 consecutive days, dehydroemetine at the daily dose of 10 mg/kg for 10 consecutive days, hexachlorophene at the daily dose of 20 mg/kg for 10 to 15 consecutive days, Hetol at the daily doses from 50 to 100 mg/kg for 5 to 10 consecutive days, and Bilevon at a single dose of 8 mg/kg. Moderate effectiveness was shown in niridazole at the dose of 25 mg/kg for 10 days medication. The use of these anthelmintics for the clinical treatment of Clonorchis sinensis infection is discussed.
parasitology-helminth-trematoda ; chemotherapy-Clonorchis sinensis ; clonorchiasis-rabbit ; disophenol ; Tremerad (SYD-230) ; dithiazanine iodide ; dehydroemetine-late-release tablets(RO 1-9334/20) ; niridazole (Ambilhar) ; hexachlorophene (G-11) ; Hetol(1, 4-bis-trichloromethylbenxol) ; Bilevon (niclofolan)

The involvement of health-care professionals in tobacco-control activities is essential to prevent smoking-related morbidity and mortality. The purposes of this predictive correlational study were to examine tobacco-control activities and to identify the predictors of such activities of community health practitioners (CHPs). Of the 1,813 members of the Korean Association of CHP, 1,247 participated in this study. A mailed survey was conducted to collect data. The majority of CHPs supported tobacco-control policies and recognized tobacco-control activities as an important role for them. Only 44.3% of CHPs were confident in their knowledge and skills regarding tobacco-control activities, and only 30.8% had received professional tobacco-control education. While the majority of the CHPs "asked, advised, and assessed"their clients, only a small number "assisted or arranged". The tobacco-control activities of CHPs were predicted by their attitude toward it, age, experience of tobacco-control education, educational level, and general perception of the risk of smoking; these variables accounted 13.5% of variance in the tobacco-control activities of CHPs. These findings provide the basis for developing a continuing education program for CHPs. CHPs should be encouraged to integrate tobacco-control activities into their routine practice, and CHP education programs should be adjusted to increase the time spent on the tobacco-control intervention techniques.
Adult ; Aged ; Analysis of Variance ; *Attitude of Health Personnel ; Clinical Competence/standards ; Community Health Nursing/education/*organization & administration ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Education, Nursing, Continuing/standards ; Educational Status ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Humans ; Korea ; Middle Aged ; Needs Assessment ; *Nurse's Role ; Nursing Methodology Research ; Nursing Staff/education/organization & administration/*psychology ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Questionnaires ; Regression Analysis ; Risk Factors ; Self Efficacy ; Smoking/*prevention & control ; Smoking Cessation

No Abstract Available.