PURPOSE: This study was to verify the effects of a fluid therapy education program for aged stroke patients for preventing dehydration, pyuria and bacteriuria. METHODS: The study employed a non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design in quasi experimental basis. Subjects were 38 stroke patients (20 in the experimental group and 18 in the control group) older than 65, hospitalized in a senior care center in S city, Korea. RESULTS: The amount of daily average fluid intake, normal ratio of blood urea nitrogen-creatinine ratio, serum Na+ and urine white blood cells were increased significantly in the experimental group. Normal ratio of bacteriuria increased in the experimental group, but not significantly. CONCLUSION: The education program is considered to be an effective nursing intervention tool for preventing dehydration and urinary tract infections which related to the secondary wellness of aged stroke patients. However, longer term study is necessary for better quality of nursing and developing more specific education programs for aged stroke patients usually hospitalized for a long period of time.
Bacteriuria ; Dehydration ; Education* ; Fluid Therapy* ; Humans ; Korea ; Leukocytes ; Nursing ; Pyuria ; Stroke* ; Urea ; Urinary Tract Infections

Matrix metalloproteinases are believed to play an important role in tumor invasion and metastasis. But little is known about the role of them in the gastric adenocarcinoma. We investigated the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1,2,3 in eighty paraffin blocks of the primary gastric adenocarcinoma tissues with immunohistochemistry and analysed their correlation with lymph node metastasis and survival. MMP-1,2,3 were expressed most intensely in the fibroblasts around the tumor stroma. In our study the increased immunoreactivity of MMP-2 only showed statistically significant correlation with lymph node metastasis (P=0.0517, Odd's ratio=2.274). But MMP-1,2,3 all were correlated with survival. Type IV collagen was observed in the vascular basement membranes and tumor basement membranes and showed statistically significant correlation with lymph node metastasis (P=0.0002, Odd's ratio=0.194) and prognosis (P=0.0001). The immunoreactivity of MMP-2 and type IV collagen was inversely correlated (Kendall's Tau-b correlation = 0.37482, P=0.0001). Our results suggest that in human gastric adenocarcinoma the increased immunoreactivity of MMP-2 and the decreased immunoreactivity of type IV collagen has an important role in lymph node metastasis and prognosis. MMP-1,3 are not correlated with lymph node metastasis but correlated with survival. The mechanism responsible for the production of MMP by the host fibroblasts remains obscure and requires further investigation.
Adenocarcinoma* ; Basement Membrane ; Collagen Type IV* ; Fibroblasts ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lymph Nodes* ; Matrix Metalloproteinases ; Neoplasm Metastasis* ; Paraffin ; Prognosis*

PURPOSE: This study was designed to describe the experiences of dementia prevention program for older adults in nursing homes. METHODS: Four focus group interviews (FGI) after the program were conducted with 35 participants. All interviews were audio-taped and transcribed verbatim. The transcribed data were analyzed by Colaizzi's phenomenological method. RESULTS: Four themes emerged as a result of analysis. Participants without dementia reported “I don't have dementia yet.” This statement probably reflects ignoring potential dementia. Motivation for participating the dementia prevention program were to reduce boredom, to enjoy exercising and communicating with others, and to follow group activities. Participants reported the positive effects of the program; (a) benefits from the repeating learned activities; (b) improvements of memory and emotional stability. A few participants reported their inability to follow the program due to physical and environmental limits. However, other participants reported their efforts to overcome physical limits and perform the activities regardless their limits. People who performed the activities with physical limits reported that their self-satisfaction was increased. CONCLUSION: Results of this study showed that participants without dementia were able to actively participate in dementia prevention programs and showed memory, emotional and behavioral improvements. Therefore, these findings can be used for developing customized dementia prevention programs in nursing homes.
Adult* ; Aged ; Boredom ; Dementia* ; Focus Groups ; Humans ; Memory ; Methods ; Motivation ; Nursing Homes* ; Nursing* ; Qualitative Research

Subungual glomus tumors are benign neoplasms that arise from the neuromyoarterial apparatus. They present with various clinical symptoms such as localized pain, tenderness, and sensitivity to temperature change and can be palpated as a nodule or mass on physical examination. Pressure erosion can be seen at adjacent bones on radiography. However, in most cases, the tumors are too small to be inspected and located under the nail plate, which makes correct diagnosis and complete excision very difficult. Incomplete removal can cause recurrence or deformity to the residual nail, whereas extensive removal can cause trauma or deformity to the nail plate. Thus, correct differential diagnosis and preoperative evaluation of the location and extent of the tumor are very important. Here, we report 2 cases that were diagnosed and preoperatively evaluated using ultrasound.
Congenital Abnormalities ; Diagnosis* ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Glomus Tumor* ; Physical Examination ; Radiography ; Recurrence ; Ultrasonography*

No abstract available.
Aged* ; Fingers* ; Humans

No abstract available.
Diagnosis* ; Papilloma*

No abstract available.
Fasciitis* ; Fibroblasts ; Ischemia

Nitrous oxide is the most commonly used inhaled anesthetic in the part of anesthesia and used up to 75% of concentrations. Diffusion hypoxia among the disadvantages or harmful damages due to nitrous oxide exposure must be prevented by moderate flow (4-6 liters/minute) of oxygen for a few minutes. This study was investigated the effect of the amount of oxygen flow on the speed of removal of exposed nitrous oxide followed by oxygen flow rate of 2, 4, and 6 liters/minute when halted the administration of nitrous oxide. These variables were taken in 57 patients of 16 to 60 years old, who were performed the elective surgery. All patients were anesthetized with the 0.5-1.5 MAC of enflurane or isoflurane combined with nitrous oxide(2 liters/minute) and oxygen(2 liters/minute), and paralyzed with IV route pancuronium 0.07-0.08 mg/kg. Ventilation was controlled with Ohmeda 7000 ventilator (BOC Health Care Inc, Madison, USA), using a constant tidal volume of 10 ml/Kg of ideal body weight. Ventilatory rate was adjusted 12 times/minute to maintain the end-tidal CO2 of 20-35 mmHg. After 60 to 90 minutes of anesthesia, the nitrous oxide/oxygen mixture was changed to 100% oxygen, but ventilation being held constant. The results were as follows; 1) After the first 30 seconds, the end-tidal nitrous oxide concentration was 39.6+/-+3.7% in 2 liters/minute of oxygen flow, 28.2+/-5% in 4 liters/minute and 23.4+/-6.3% in 6 liters/minute. 2) After the 2 minutes, the end-tidal nitrous oxide concentration was 29.1+/-3.6% in 2 liters/minute of oxygen flow, 14.4+/-3.2% in 4 liters/minute and 10.13+/-2% in 6 liters/minute. 3) After the 5 minutes and 30 seconds, the end-tidal nitrous oxide concentration was 16.4+/-3.3% in 2 liters/minute of oxygen flow, 5.5+/-1.9% in 4 liters/minute and 4.0+/-1.7% in 6 liters/minute. 4) After 15 minutes, the end tidal nitrous oxide was 7.5+/-2.1% in 2 liters/minute of oxygen flow, 2.3+/-0.7% in 4 liters/minute and 2.0+/-0.8% in 6 liters/minute. In conclusion, the larger size of oxygen flow, the more rapid elimination of nitrous oxide. The removal rate of nitrous oxide was greatest at first 30 seconds after halting the nitrous oxide administration in all cases.
Anesthesia* ; Anoxia ; Delivery of Health Care ; Diffusion ; Enflurane ; Humans ; Ideal Body Weight ; Isoflurane ; Middle Aged ; Nitrous Oxide ; Oxygen* ; Pancuronium ; Tidal Volume ; Ventilation ; Ventilators, Mechanical

OBJECTIVES: Many recent studies of relationship between geriatric depression and changes in brain have examined the structural abnormalities in hippocampus. Using MRI, the hippocampal volumes of patients with major depression were measured and compared with control subjects for research of above relationship. METHOD: Fourteen patients (early-onset five, late-onset nine) with major depressive disorder based on DSM-IV and fourteen age-matched normal controls are included. Applying semiautomated computer program to MRI, we measured and compared the hippocampal volumes in two groups. Moreover we identified the laterality and the correlation of the volumes with age of onset, duration of education, numbers of psychiatric admission, duration of illness, MMSE scores at admission, and severity of depression. RESULT: No significant difference was observed between the hippocampal volumes of patients with major depressive disorder and those of control subjects. A significant correlation in patients was observed between duration of illness and left hippocampal volume to cerebral volume ratio. In early-onset depressed patients, left hippocampal volume was larger than in late-onset depressed patients and the positive correlation was observed between MMSE scores at admission and left hippocampal volume to cerebral volume ratio. In late-onset depressed patients, there was the negative correlation between numbers of psychiatric admission and MMSE scores at admission as well as and between cerebral volume and age of onset. CONCLUSION: Our study indicated no change in the volume of hippocampus among geriatric major depressive patients. So we suggest that more extensive and systematic studies for structural abnormality of hippocampus will be required.
Age of Onset ; Aged* ; Brain ; Depression ; Depressive Disorder, Major* ; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ; Education ; Hippocampus ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging

BACKGROUND: Facial involvement of psoriasis requires a different approach than that used for typical plaque psoriasis on other skin areas. Calcitriol ointment may improve lesions on the face without atrophy or other local side effects associated with the use of topical corticosteroids. OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to determine the efficacy and tolerability of calcitriol 3 microgram/g ointment for the treatment of facial psoriasis. METHODS: In the psoriasis clinic of Seoul National University Hospital, a total of 53 patients were treated with calcitriol 3 microgram/g for 8 weeks. Efficacy was evaluated by an investigator's assessment of the area and a severity index score of facial psoriasis at the 2nd, 4th, and 8th week. Global assessment was also determined at the 8th week. RESULTS: A total of 10 patients discontinued prematurely from the study, due to disappearing during follow-up treatment (n=9) and combined use of topical corticosteroids (n=1). The remaining patients showed the following response to treatment; excellent (n=10), good (n=14), fair (n=11), and poor (n=8). After 8 weeks of treatment with calcitriol ointment, clinical improvement was achieved in 81.4% of the patients. Among them, 55.8% showed excellent (23.3%) or good effect (32.5%) with calcitriol ointment. Five patients (11.6%) showed a local adverse reaction such as erythema, exfoliation, or an itching sensation, and 2 patients discontinued treatment due to adverse reactions. However, no patient showed telangiectasia, skin atrophy, or systemic side effects. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that calcitriol ointment is an effective and tolerable agent for treatment of psoriasis on the face.
Adrenal Cortex Hormones ; Atrophy ; Calcitriol* ; Erythema ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Pruritus ; Psoriasis* ; Sensation ; Seoul ; Skin ; Telangiectasis