Primary tumors of the adrenal cortex are comparatively rare. In the medical literature they are most frequently reported as single case. Because of their infrequent occurence some features of their clinical behavior and pathologic anatomy are not widely known. For this reason the recording of the 7 cases from the Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University is thought to be worth while. Of the seven tumors, five were associated with primary aldosteronism, one Cushing's syndrome, and the remaing one virilizing syndrome. All were benign. Females were affected more frequently than males. Adrenocortical adenomas tend to be small, weighing less than 42 gm. The tumors associated with primary aldosteronism were composed of zona fasciculata-like cells and "hybrid" cells. The tumor with Cushing's syndrome consisted of zona reticularis-like cells. The tumor with virilizing syndrome consisted of zone reticularis-like cells.
Female ; Humans ; Adenoma

Pleomorphic (undifferentated) carcinoma is a rare histologic type of carcinomas of the gallbladder and an atypical carcinoid is thought to be an intermediated type between carcinoid tumor and small cell carcinoma. Dense core "neurosecretory" granules can be found in the above mentioned tumors. We experienced a case of a double tumor of the gallbladder in a 51-year old male patient. Grossly, a large solid mass, about 5.0 cm in diameter, was found in the fundic portion and the neck portion also had a small 1.5 cm-sized polypoid mass. Microscopically, these lesions had features of pleomorphic carcinoma and atypical carcinoid, respectively. Immunohistochemically, they manifested reactivity for neuron specific enolase. Ultrastructural study revealed neurosecretory granules in the cytoplasms of tumor cells of the fundic and neck masses. Although light microscopic features of these tumor masses are quite different, we consider that these tumors represent a spectrum of neuroendocrine differentiation.
Male ; Humans

Backgrounds: Thyroid hormones play a fundamental role in the initiation and maintenance of somatic growth in mammalian species, and the insulin-like growth factors(IGFs) occupy a position of central importance in the growth of all tissues. To evaluate the changes in serum insulin-like growth factor-I(IGF-I) and insulin-like growth factor binding proteins in hyperthyroid and hypothyroid patients, sera was obtained from 19 hyperthyroid patients, 9 hypothyroid patients, and 10 healthy volunteers. Methods: IGF-I concentration was determined by radioimmunoassay, and changes in IGFBPs were assesed by Western Ligand Blotting. To evaluate the binding pattern of IGF-I & IGFBPs, autoradiographs were obtained. Results & Conclusion: IGF-I levels were increased significantly in hyperthyroid patients(mean ±SE, 267.88±9.80 ng/ml, p<0.05) and decreased significantly in hypothyroid patients(154.81±1.43 ng/ml, p<0.01) compaired to healthy control group(209.45±.60 ng/ml). Autoradiograph of serum IGFBPs from patients with hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism did not show any change in the intensity of IGFBP-3 bands(40-45 KD) and IGFBP-1 bands, but in hyperthyroid patients, it showed increased intensity of IGFBP-2 band compared to healthy control group and hypothyroid patients.
Equidae ; Healthy Volunteers ; Humans ; Hyperthyroidism ; Hypothyroidism ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 1 ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 2 ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3 ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I ; Radioimmunoassay ; Thyroid Hormones

Because the 'Tsunami of type 2 diabetes' is presently rolling on a global scale, owing to the ever-increasing prevalence of obesity, increasing physical inactivity, and aging populations worldwide, the economic burden of diabetes caused by increased health resource use and lost productivity increase rapidly. So prevention in general population and good glycemic controls become even more important with earlier diagnosis and more aggressive cardiovascular prevention and treatment. Diabetes requires continuing medical care and patient self-management education to prevent acute complications and to reduce the risk of long-term complications. Diabetes care is very complex and requires that many issues, beyond glycemic control, be solved by the active governmental policy. Lifestyle modifications are the cornerstones of management of type 2 diabetes. The progressive nature of type 2 diabetes requires use of one or more oral agents and eventually insulin, along with lifestyle modification and intensification. Rapid achievement of the target goals often prompts providers to consider combination therapy to target different pathogenic mechanisms and manage both fasting and postprandial blood glucose levels. Maintenance of glycemic control over the lifespan of a patient with diabetes is overwhelmingly likely to require combination therapy with oral diabetes medications. Ultimately, because of the progressive nature of the disease and the progressive decline in pancreatic beta-cell function, insulin therapy is almost always obligatory to achieve optimal glycemic goals.
Achievement ; Aging ; Blood Glucose ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Efficiency ; Fasting ; Health Resources ; Humans ; Insulin ; Life Style ; Obesity ; Prevalence ; Self Care

No abstract available.
Testis*

Endovascular treatment of isolated bilateral common iliac artery aneurysm (CIAA) requires salvage of at least one internal iliac artery to prevent complications such as ischemic buttock claudication. We treated a case of bilateral CIAAs using an internal iliac branched stent graft. We report a case of a 58-year-old man who presented with bilateral CIAAs. The left internal iliac artery was occluded with coil embolization. The right internal iliac artery was saved by using a branched stent graft. The aneurysms were excluded with conventional endovascular aneurysm repair. Completion angiography showed technical success. Follow up computed tomography angiogram at three months showed complete exclusion of bilateral CIAAs, no endoleaks, and patent right internal iliac artery. There was no pelvic ischemic complication. We treated successfully a case of isolated bilateral CIAAs using an iliac branched stent graft.
Aneurysm* ; Angiography ; Blood Vessel Prosthesis* ; Buttocks ; Embolization, Therapeutic ; Endoleak ; Endovascular Procedures ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Iliac Artery* ; Middle Aged

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of ferritin-folate-cyanocobalamin supplementation for prevention of anemia during pregnancy. METHODS: The authors conducted a clinical investigation on 50 pregnant women from 20th to 36th gestational weeks. The cobination of cyanocobalamin coenzyme 500mg, folic coenzyme 800mcg, and ferritin 20mg constituted the supplementation. The parameters examined in first trimester as baseline, before treatment(at 20th weeks), and after treatment(at 36th weeks) were : hemoglobin, hematocrit, ferritin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin(MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration(MCHC), mean corpuscular volume(MCV), red blood cell count(RDW), folic acid, and vit. BPaired sample t-test was used for comparison. RESULTS: The results indicated a significant increase in the value of hemoglobin(p<0.05) and hematocrit(p<0.01) in comparison to before and after the treatment. The values of serum ferritin, folic acid, vitamin Bwere increased after the treatment compared to those of before the treatment, though there was no statistical significance. The results of MCV, MCH, MCHC, and RDW showed no statistically significant in comparison to before and after the treatment. CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate that supplementing ferritin 20mg-folate 800mcg-cyanocobalamine 500mcg per day from 20th to 36th weeks' gestation can increase values of hemoglobin, hematocrit, and ferritin concentration and can be cosidered as an appropriate method to prevent iron deficient anemia. It also might increase the value of folic acid and vitamin B12, concentration, but further study is stiU needed to determine whether the supplementation of folate and cyanocobalamine in combination with iron can have better eflicacy than iron alone in prevention of iron deficiency anemia.
Anemia* ; Anemia, Iron-Deficiency ; Erythrocyte Indices ; Erythrocytes ; Female ; Ferritins* ; Folic Acid* ; Hematocrit ; Humans ; Iron ; Pregnancy Trimester, First ; Pregnancy* ; Pregnant Women ; Vitamin B 12* ; Vitamins

PURPOSE: Bevacizumab has been used as a promising drug for metastatic colorectal cancer in combination with chemotherapeutic agents. However, it has a few serious adverse effects, such as intestinal bleeding or perforation. The purpose of this study is to identify the clinical characteristics of intestinal perforation induced by bevacizumab in colorectal cancer patients.METHODS: From January 2007 to June 2018, a total of 488 patients underwent chemotherapy with bevacizumab for metastatic colorectal cancer. Medical records were reviewed retrospectively.RESULTS: Nine patients (1.8%) were identified with intestinal perforation induced with bevacizumab. The median age was 59 years (range, 36–68 years). The primary tumor site was the sigmoid colon in six patients, the rectum in three patients. The liver was the most common metastatic organ (7 patients). Perforation sites were primary tumor site of the colorectum in four patients and the small bowel in five patients. Intestinal perforation was developed after a median of 3 chemotherapy cycles (range, 1–15 cycles), and a median of 7 days (range, 3–32 days) after chemotherapy. One patient expired due to sepsis.CONCLUSION: Bevacizumab induced intestinal perforation is a lethal adverse effect in patients with colorectal cancers. The characteristics of intestinal perforation varied according to perforation site, previous chemotherapy cycles, and clinical course. Careful monitoring is necessary with the use of bevacizumab in conjunction with chemotherapeutic agents.
Bevacizumab ; Colon, Sigmoid ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; Drug Therapy ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Intestinal Perforation ; Liver ; Medical Records ; Rectum ; Retrospective Studies ; Sepsis

This study aimed to analyze trends in research on depression among medical students in Korea and to conduct a meta-analysis to determine the average correlation coefficients between depression and related variables. In total, 38 quantitative studies (four theses and 34 journal articles) published between January 1995 and February 2023 were analyzed according to publication year, subjects, analysis methods, and measurement tools. Among them, 15 studies that provided numerical information on the relationships between depression and variables such as self-esteem, social support, grade point average (GPA), stress, and academic stress were selected for meta-analysis. The main findings of this study were as follows. First, quantitative research on depression among medical students began in earnest in 2009, and cross-sectional studies targeting first-year and second-year medical students were the most prevalent. Furthermore, the most commonly used analysis method was difference testing, and the Beck Depression Inventory was the most frequently used measurement tool. Second, the mean correlation coefficients between depression and stress, self-esteem, social support, academic stress, and GPA were 0.534, 0.532, 0.465, 0.390, and 0.102, respectively. The results for self-esteem, stress, and academic stress showed substantial heterogeneity, while those for social support and GPA showed little heterogeneity. These findings suggest that educational interventions, such as social support improvement programs, are necessary to prevent depression among medical students.

A 44-year-old woman who comlpained of dizziness and generalized weakness was admitted. The hemoglobin was 6.6g/dL, hematocrit 25.5%, and serum ferritin 2.14 ng/mL Stool occult blood was positive and microcytic hypochromic anemia was found on periyheral blood smear. Gastroscopic examination showed about 2 x 1 cm sized hemispherical sebmucosal tumor on antrum. The patient underwent operatioh for confirmatory diagnosis and treatment. The final pathologic diagnosis of the resected lesion was hemangioma of stomach. Cavernous hemangioma of stomach is a rare disease.Mostly, it has a benign course clinically, but early diagnosis is important because massive hemorrhage and anemia by chronic blood loss can occur. We report a case of hemangioma of stomach with review of literature.
Adult ; Anemia ; Anemia, Hypochromic ; Diagnosis ; Dizziness ; Early Diagnosis ; Female ; Ferritins ; Hemangioma ; Hemangioma, Cavernous* ; Hematocrit ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Occult Blood ; Stomach*