OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the correlation between serum levels of anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) and ovarian response to mild stimulation in normoovulatory women and anovulatory women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). METHODS: Seventy-four cycles of mild stimulation (clomiphene citrate+gonadotropin followed by timed intercourse or intrauterine insemination) performed in normoovulatory women (57 cycles) and anovulatory women with PCOS (17 cycles). Ovarian sensitivity was defined by the number of mature follicles (> or =14 mm) on triggering day per 100 IU of gonadotropin. A correlation between ovarian sensitivity and the baseline serum AMH level (absolute or multiples of the median [MoM] value for each corresponding age) was calculated. Correlation between ovarian response and serum AMH level was evaluated. RESULTS: Ovarian sensitivity to mild stimulation was positively correlated with absolute serum AMH (r=0.535, p<0.001) or AMH-MoM value (r=0.390, p=0.003) in normoovulatory women, but this correlation was not observed in anovulatory women with PCOS (r=0.105, p>0.05, r=-0.265, p>0.05, respectively). CONCLUSION: Ovarian response to mild stimulation is possibly predicted by the serum AMH level in normoovulatory women, but not in anovulatory women with PCOS.
Anti-Mullerian Hormone ; Female ; Gonadotropins ; Humans ; Ovulation Induction ; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

PURPOSE: Persistent hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia of infancy(PHHI), which is characterised by inappropriate insulin secretion in spite of hypoglycemia, needs urgent treatment to prevent cerebral hypoglycemic damage. Although pancreatectomy is the treatment of choice for PHHI, there are several complications which follow treatment. We suggest that aggressive medical therapy, when effective, is preferable to partial pancreatectomy. METHODS: We evaluated 8 patients with PHHI admitted to the Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center from November 1996 to January 1999. Children with hypoglycemia in the range of 3-50mg/dl were included. Octreotide was administered at dosage of 100-150 microgram/day. When the patients did not respond to octreotide, diazoxide and nifedipine were given in addition. RESULTS: In four of eight patients, octreotide was discontinued after 15 to 165 days. One patient was given diazoxide instead. The remaining 3 patients are still being treated with octreotide. CONCLUSION: We believe that maximum effort should be made to attain euglycemia with medication, and pancreatectomy should be reserved for patients in whom these measures fail to restore normoglycemia.
Child* ; Congenital Hyperinsulinism* ; Diazoxide ; Humans ; Hypoglycemia ; Insulin ; Nifedipine ; Octreotide ; Pancreatectomy ; Pediatrics

Klinefelter syndrome is one of the most common forms of primary hypogonadism and infertility in males. It is a clinical syndrome consisting of gynecomastia, azoospermia, and increased urinary excretion of follicle-stimulating hormone. Fequency of diabetes mellitus, emphysema, asthma, breast cancer increase in Klinefelter syndrome. We report a 16-year-old male patient with impaired glucose tolerance in association with Klinefelter syndrome, which was confirmed by chromosome analysis. The mechanism of impaired glucose tolerance in this patient was peripheral insulin resistance which clarified by euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp test.
Adolescent ; Asthma ; Azoospermia ; Breast Neoplasms ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Emphysema ; Follicle Stimulating Hormone ; Glucose* ; Gynecomastia ; Humans ; Hypogonadism ; Infertility ; Insulin Resistance ; Klinefelter Syndrome ; Male

BACKGROUND: The bone graft for the alveolar cleft has been accepted as one of the essential treatments for cleft lip patients. Precise preoperative measurement of the architecture and size of the bone defect in alveolar cleft has been considered helpful for increasing the success rate of bone grafting because those features may vary with the cleft type. Recently, some studies have reported on the usefulness of three-dimensional (3D) computed tomography (CT) assessment of alveolar bone defect; however, no study on the possible implication of the cleft type on the difference between the presumed and actual value has been conducted yet. We aimed to evaluate the clinical predictability of such measurement using 3D CT assessment according to the cleft type. METHODS: The study consisted of 47 pediatric patients. The subjects were divided according to the cleft type. CT was performed before the graft operation and assessed using image analysis software. The statistical significance of the difference between the preoperative estimation and intraoperative measurement was analyzed. RESULTS: The difference between the preoperative and intraoperative values were -0.1+/-0.3 cm3 (P=0.084). There was no significant intergroup difference, but the groups with a cleft palate showed a significant difference of -0.2+/-0.3 cm3 (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Assessment of the alveolar cleft volume using 3D CT scan data and image analysis software can help in selecting the optimal graft procedure and extracting the correct volume of cancellous bone for grafting. Considering the cleft type, it would be helpful to extract an additional volume of 0.2 cm3 in the presence of a cleft palate.
Alveoloplasty ; Bone Transplantation ; Cleft Lip ; Cleft Palate ; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography ; Humans ; Transplants

Background : Differential diagnoses of intrahepatic adenocarcinomas (IHAC) play an important role in the detecting primary sites and the determining type of treatment and overall prognosis of the patient. However, histopathologic findings alone have limitations of differential diagnoses of IHAC. Methods : To clarify which tumor related proteins (TRP) are useful for differential diagnoses of IHAC, TRP expression were investigated immunohistochemically, using MUC5AC, MUC2, mAb 91.9H, MUC1, and pS2, and by high iron diamine (HID) staining in 61 clinically confirmed IHACs. Results : MUC5AC (9/18, p<0.05) and MUC1 (17/18, p>0.05) displayed the most frequent expression in cholangiocarcinomas, and MUC2 (11/18, p<0.05), mAb 91.9H (16/18, p<0.05), and HID (16/18, p<0.05) in colorectal adenocarcinomas. pS2 (3/11, p>0.05) was expressed more often in pancreatic adenocarcinomas than other IHAC, while MUC2 and 91.9H were not expressed at all in pancreatic adenocarcinomas. The positivity of several TRP did not correlate with tumor differentiation. Conclusions : MUC5AC, MUC2, mAb 91.9H, and HID may be useful in differentiating cholangiocarcinomas from colorectal adenocarcinomas.
Adenocarcinoma* ; Cholangiocarcinoma ; Diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential* ; Humans ; Iron ; Prognosis

Myoblasts fuse together to form multinucleated myotubes. However, only a few studies have been reported on the cytoskeletal changes during the fusion process. To understand the change of cytoskeleton during the fusion process, isolated myoblasts from embryonic day 21 Sprague-Dawley rats were cultured on formvar-, carbon-, and gelatin-coated gold grids for electron microscopy. The cells were fixed and plasma membrane and cytoplasm were extracted with triton X-100 and observed directly with Hitachi H-600 transmission electron microscope without staining. Fusiform myoblasts have complex cytoskeletal networks at the center of the cells, which were too dense to be resolved, however the margins of myoblasts and myotubes have bundles of cytoskeletons running in the longitudinal direction with reticulated cytoskeletal networks in between. Lamellipodial ruffles at both ends of myoblasts were characterized by a cytoskeletal lattice at the base and a few radiating strands into the filopodia-like processes. Radiating cytoskeletons originated either from the longitudinally oriented cytoskeletal bundles or reticular lattice continuous to them. The fusion areas were characterized by thin filaments connecting adjacent cells and the connection of longitudinal filament bundles from the fusing cells. These results suggest the modification of cytoskeletons during myoblast fusion.
Animals ; Cell Membrane ; Cytoplasm ; Cytoskeleton* ; Microscopy, Electron ; Muscle Cells* ; Muscle Fibers, Skeletal ; Myoblasts ; Octoxynol ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Running

Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (cdk5) is essential for brain development and p35 and p67 are the regulatory molecules for cdk5. In this study, we have investigated the expression of cdk5, p35, and p67 mRNAs in the developing rat brain with in situ hybridization histochemistry. The expression of cdk5 mRNA was already observed in embryonic day 12 (E12), start point of neurogenesis in rat brain, throughout the brain and gradually increased until postnatal day 3 (P3). At this period, strong expression of cdk5 mRNA was observed in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, dentate gyrus, thalamus, hypothalamus, and inferior colliculus. High level of cdk5 expression was maintained in the postnatal rat brain and prominent expression was observed in the hippocampus, dentate gyrus, cerebellum, and choroid plexus of adult rat brain. Strong expression of p35 mRNA was observed between E16 and E20 in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, dentate gyrus, thalamus, hypothalamus, and inferior colliculus as like as cdk5. After birth, the expression of p35 mRNA was gradually decreased and significant differences in the expression of cdk5 and p35 were observed in the thalamus, hypothalamus, midbrain, and cerebellum. In the embryonic period, the expression pattern of p67 was very similar with that of p35 but expression level was lower than p35. After birth, strong expression of p67 was observed in the areas where the expression of cdk5 was high. From these results, it is suspected that p35 may function in neuronal migration, and p67 in differentiation and maturation, as a major regulator for cdk5 in developing rat brain.
Adult ; Animals ; Brain* ; Cerebellum ; Cerebral Cortex ; Choroid Plexus ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 5 ; Dentate Gyrus ; Gene Expression ; Hippocampus ; Humans ; Hypothalamus ; In Situ Hybridization ; Inferior Colliculi ; Mesencephalon ; Neurogenesis ; Neurons ; Parturition ; Rats* ; RNA, Messenger* ; Thalamus

No abstract available.
Cytarabine* ; Cytosine* ; Humans ; Idarubicin* ; Induction Chemotherapy* ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute*