No abstract available.
Child* ; Encephalitis, Arbovirus* ; Humans

BACKGROUND: Using c-fos expression one of the immediate early gene, as a marker of altered neuronal response, we investigated the effect of superior cervical ganglion block (SCGB) exhibiting the same effect of SGB of human on the activity of several brain regions which are considered as located on autonomic neural pathway and neuroendocrine axis in rat. METHOD: The 48 Sprague-Dawley strain rats were divided into 4 groups, as saline/stress (control) group, SCGB/stress (tested) group, saline group, SCGB group. Superior cervical ganglion block was conducted in the SCGB/stress group and SCGB group while saline/stress and saline group were sham operated. After then restraint stress was imposed on the animals of SCGB/stress group and saline/stress group. And 2 hour after injection (saline, SCGB group) or restraint stress (saline/stress, SCGB/stress group), c-fos protein (Fos) was localized by immunocytochemistry. RESULTS: Much stronger Fos immunoreactivity was induced in the several brain region of control group rats compared to other three groups and the numbers of Fos positive cell count of tested group were significantly decreased in paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (p<0.01), A5 (p<0.01), raphe pallidus (p<0.05), nucleus tractus solitaius (p<0.01) compared to control group. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrate that superior cervical ganglion block attenuates stress induced neuronal activities of paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, A5, raphe pallidus, nucleus tractus solitarius.
Animals ; Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Brain* ; Cell Count ; Genes, vif ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Neural Pathways ; Neurons ; Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Solitary Nucleus ; Superior Cervical Ganglion*

It has been known tht alterations in blood pressure, heart rate and other systemic reactions can occure artereitroduction of contrast media into the vascular system. And the factors of these alterations are the suddenchanges of the circulating blood volume, hypertonicity of the injected contrast media and adverse reactions to thecontast media. This pospective study included evaluation so f the hemodynamic changes, adverse reactions and itsrelationship with ensitivity tesst and allergic history in 105 patients who had been performed angiocardiographyduring period of 1 year from oct. 1981 to Sept. 1982. The results were as follows; 1. 14 out of 105 patient showedminor reactions to contrast media such as nausea, vomiting, coughing, etc. There is no close relationship betweenadverse reaction and sensitivity test or previous allergic history. 2. In the group of right sidedangiocardiography, 47.6% of patient showed elevation of blood pressure after injection of contrast media. 38.1% ofpatient, however, showed lowered blood presssure. The changes of the pulse rate were quite similar to those ofblood pressure; increased in 47.7% and decreased in 40.9% of patient. 3. In the group of left sidedangiocardiography, 61.6% of patient showed eleveation of blood pressure immediately after injection of contrastmedia, and 17.5% of patient showed lowered blood pressure. 5 minutes after injection of contrast media, largegroup of patient showed normalized blood pressure, The pullse rate was also increased in the 66.3% of patient.
Blood Pressure ; Blood Volume ; Contrast Media ; Cough ; Heart Rate ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Nausea ; Prospective Studies ; Vomiting

Pneumomediastinum, pneumothorax and subcutaneous emphysema are uncommon in pediatric practice, but they may be rarely ocured in association with respiratory distress and excessive ressusciation in the neonatal period, and as a complication of bronchial asthma, measles in childhood. And also, there was a report of a few cases that developed to pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema caused by vomiting in patient of diabetic coma. It is rare so far in this country that above events are complicated by miliary tuberculosis, but they may lead the patient to fatal and lifethreatening conditions, even though we perform a considerable medical treatment for that. We presnted 3 cases of 6 month 20 days old female infant, and each 10 year and 11 year old boys, developed to pneumomediastinu, pneumothorax and subcutaneous emphysema, and suddenly expired during hospital treatment of miliary tuberculosis. And, we reviewed the literatures, too.
Asthma ; Child ; Diabetic Coma ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Measles ; Mediastinal Emphysema* ; Pneumothorax* ; Subcutaneous Emphysema* ; Tuberculosis, Miliary* ; Vomiting

There has been a significant decline of infectious disease in childhood due to an improvement of economy, living standard and medicine. But accidents in childhood is rather increased and encountered in major cause of death. The child is not so fully developed mentally and physically, that he is vulnerable to accident. Most accidents have been rocognized as being preventable with a few attention of parents or neighours. Therefore, parental health education should be emphasized as one of the important preventive measures against accidents. The authors reviewed the records on 1,648 accidental pediatric patients in the emergency room of CNUH during 6 years period from Jan. 1976. To Dec. 1981. The results were as follow: 1. The frequency of pediatric accidental patient in emergency room was gradually increased year by year and the monthly distribytion revealed a slightly higher in summer season from May to August. 2. According to the patient's residency, the urban to rural ratio was 1.6:1 and the male to female ratio was 1.9:1. 3. The most common physical accident was traffic accident(25.3%), the second being fall down accident(17.3%), then in decreasing order foreign body aspiration or inoculation(14.8%), burn(13.6%), laceration(12.6%), and bite(5.1%), The most common injury site of body by physical accident was head(56.5%) and next in decreasing order trunk & abdomen(18.1%), left leg(15.3%), right leg(13.9%), left arm(12.4%) and right arm(10.5%). 4. The frequency of chemical accident in decreasing order as follow ; CO poisoning(31.5%), rodenticidal drug poisoning(11.7%), insecticidal drug poisoning(9.1%), organic phosphorus poisoning(9.1%) and DDS poisoning(4.2%). 5. Majority of cases were carried to emergency room within 6 hours after accident. 6. The prevalent age for physical accident were between 3-6 years(28.6%) and 6-12 years(28.7%). 7. The prevalent age for chemical accident were between 1-3 years(30.5%). Comparing period of 1979-1981 with period of 1976-1978, the results were concluded as follow ; 1.Frequency of accidents was remarkably increased with predominant male and urban children. 2. Frequency of traffic accident, bite, head trauma, rodenticidal, insecticidal and organic phosphorus poisoning were decreased while those of fall down, foreign body aspiration, burn, laceration, and CO poisoning rather increased. 3. Patients were carried to hospital more rapidly in cases of physical accidents. 4. Age prevalent for physical accidents was to by younger while for chemical accidents being older. 5. Physical accidents were markedly increased, while chemical accidents being minimally changed.
Accidents, Traffic ; Burns ; Cause of Death ; Chemical Hazard Release ; Child* ; Communicable Diseases ; Craniocerebral Trauma ; Emergencies ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Female ; Foreign Bodies ; Health Education ; Humans ; Internship and Residency ; Lacerations ; Male ; Parents ; Phosphorus ; Poisoning ; Seasons ; Socioeconomic Factors

PURPOSE: It is difficult to detect small amount of aspiration into the lungs due to the lack of safe, sensitive and specific diagnostic tool. Recently, in animal studies, it has been reported that immunocytochemistry for lactoglobulin can be used to detect the minimal aspiration of cow milk. So, we tried to determine the difference between immunocytochemistry for lactoglobulin and Oil Red O stain of alveolar macrophages in cow milk aspirated mice. METHODS: Fifty seven mice with 6-8 weeks old and 30-40 g weighing were used. Mice received either single or multiple intranasal instillation of 0.05 ml cow milk for study and saline for control under the anesthesia with ketamine and xylazine. The trachea of mouse was cannulated with 20G Jelco needle and then, mouse lungs were lavaged 3 times with 0.5 ml of phosphate buffer solution at 4 hours, 12 hours, 24 hours after the last milk or saline instillation. Cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF) were stained with Oil Red O and immunocytochemistry for beta-lactoglobulin. RESULTS: After single aspiration of milk, no cellular difference was found in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF) when compared with saline aspirated group at 4 hours. But after repeated aspiration of milk, significant change was observed in the number of alveolar macrophage, neutrophil, lymphocyte and eosinophil. Immunocytochemical reactivity was not observed in alveolar macrophages of saline aspirated group. Lipid-laden alveolar macrophages were recovered rarely in Oil Red O staining. Immunocytochemical staining displayed stain-positive alveolar macrophages for beta-lactoglobulin at 4 hours after milk aspiration, it had a peak at 12 hours and decreased markedly at 24 hours. Immunocytochemical stain positive alveolar macrophages appeared similarly in number between single and repeated aspiration group. CONCLUSION: These observations suggested that alveolar macrophages could be detected more easily on immunocytochemistry for lactoglobulin than Oil Red O stain and immunocytochemistry could be used as a sensitive & specific diagnostic method for the detection of milk aspiration.
Anesthesia ; Animals ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage ; Eosinophils ; Immunohistochemistry ; Ketamine ; Lactoglobulins ; Lung ; Lymphocytes ; Macrophages, Alveolar* ; Mice* ; Milk* ; Needles ; Neutrophils ; Trachea ; Xylazine

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to assess hygiene status of meals for poorly-fed children through microbiolo-gical quality. METHODS: Meals were provided by two social enterprises, one franchise, and one convenience store. There were a total of six meal samples; two samples (social enterprise meal 1; SEM 1, social enterprise meal 2; SEM 2) from two social enterprises, respectively, two samples (franchise meal 1; FM 1, franchise meal 2; FM 2) from one franchise, and two samples (convenience store meal 1; CSM 1, convenience store meal 2; CSM 2) from one convenience store. Microbiologi-cal analysis and assessment were performed by Korean food standards codex (KFSC). RESULTS: General bacteria and E. coli in SEM 1 were detected, but the levels were not over KFSC, and Coliform less than 9.2 x 10 CFU/g was also de-tected in seasoned bean sprouts of SEM 1. General bacteria was detected at 1.6 x 10(6) CFU/g in cabbage kimchi of SEM 2. Coliform was detected in cabbage kimchi, squid cutlet, stir-fried pork, and fried chicken of FM1 and 2, but the levels were not over KFSC. In addition, S. aureus was detected in cabbage kimchi and seasoned dried white radish of FM 1 and 2 (9.8 x 10(2) CFU/g, 9.4 x 10(3) CFU/g respectively), thus was over KFSC. B. cereus was detected in stir-fried pork and fried chicken (1.2 x 10(3) CFU/g, 1.5 x 10(3) CFU/g respectively) of FM 1 and 2, thus was over KFSC. Finally, S. aureus was detected in stir-fried dried squid, seasoned spicy chicken, and stir-fried kimchi of CSM 1 and 2, and was over KFSC too (9.5 x 10(4) CFU/g, 2.4 x 10(2) CFU/g, 1.3 x 10(3) CFU/g respectively). CONCLUSION: Results of this study suggest that systemic management of hygiene is necessary to safely providing meals to poorly-fed children.
Bacteria ; Brassica ; Chickens ; Child* ; Decapodiformes ; Humans ; Hygiene* ; Meals* ; Raphanus ; Seasons

We experienced a case of cryptococcosis in a 13-year-old female who had been admitted to our hospital because of intermittent high fever and generalized lymphadenopathy accompanied by multiple nodular eruptions with erosions on the face, scalp, neck and back. The patient was treated under the impression of tuberculous lymphadenitis without any improvement. A surgical biopsy of the lymph node and the subcutaneous nodule, which was performed 14 days later, revealed chronic granulomatous tissue and Langhan's type giant cells which contained numerous cryptococci. A brief review of the literature was done.
Adolescent ; Amphotericin B ; Biopsy ; Cryptococcosis* ; Female ; Fever ; Flucytosine ; Giant Cells ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Lymphatic Diseases ; Neck ; Scalp ; Tuberculosis, Lymph Node

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to compare three methods of hernioplasty: high ligation (HL), tissue repair (TR), and tension free (TF) and to determine the usefulness of high ligation for repair of indirect inguinal hernia in young adults. METHODS: One hundred thirty two patients who were under the age of 25 and who underwent repair of their inguinal hernia between January 2001 and December 2005 were reviewed retrospectively by using their inpatient and outpatient records and phone calls. Sixty seven, 23 and 42 patients underwent HL, TR and TF, respectively. The clinical features that were analyzed included location, type, signs and symptoms, operation method, complications and recurrence. RESULTS: The operation times were (mean+/-SD) 46.2+/-19.1, 56.0+/-11.5, and 61.8+/-14.9 minutes for HL, TR and TF, respectively. For the post-operative complications, there was 1 case of wound infection (1.5%) and 1 case of scrotal hematoma (1.5%) for HL; 1 case of wound infection (4.4%) and 1 case of scrotal swelling (4.4%) for TR; 3 cases of wound infection (7.0%), 2 cases of scrotal swelling (4.7%), 1 cases of intermittent pain (2.3%) and 1 case of scrotal hematoma (2.3%) for TF. Two patients in the HL group had recurrences, but there was no recurrence in the TR and TF groups. CONCLUSION: High ligation hernioplasty in young adults showed a shorter operation time, but there were no differences in the rate of complications between the methods. In the case of recurrence, it can be corrected by performing tissue repair or tension free hernioplasty because the normal anatomy may be preserved even after operation. Therefore, high ligation hernioplasty proved to be a useful method for repair of indirect inguinal hernia in young adults. In contrast, for the recurred or older age patients, tissue repair or tension free hernioplasty may be a more useful method.
Hematoma ; Hernia, Inguinal* ; Herniorrhaphy ; Humans ; Inpatients ; Ligation* ; Outpatients ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Wound Infection ; Young Adult*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Kidney Failure, Chronic* ; Parturition* ; Pregnancy* ; Renal Dialysis*