No abstract available.
Fetus* ; Humans ; Pregnancy, Twin* ; Twins*

No abstract available.
Fetus* ; Humans ; Pregnancy, Twin* ; Twins*

Hysterosalpingography and Hysteroscopy have been used for the detection of intraute-rine pathology such as polyps, submucous myomas, intrauterine adhesion and endometrial hyperplasia or cancer. Recently the ultrasound has also been utilized for the detection of uterine pathology. Therefore the purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of SonoHysterography in detection of intrauterine pathology compared with HSG and Hysteroscopy. 32 patients underwent Sono-Hysterography and Hysteroscopy for the evaluation of the uterine pathology from september 1995 to January 1996. Nine of 32 patients had infertility problem and HSG performed prior to Sono-Hysterography and Hysteroscopy. The results are as follows : 1. The patients' ages ranged from 20 to 50 years(median 37.9). 2. All 9 patients with infertility who had positive HSG findings in uterine cavity showed the intrauterine pathology in Sono-Hysterography as well as Hysteroscopy. The detail findings are as follows :septated uterus(n=2), intrauterine adhesion :IUA(n=3), endometrial polyp(n=3), and IUA combined endmetrial hyperplasia(n=1). 3. Twenty two of 23 patients with abnormal uterine bleeding showed the intrauterne pathology and one patient had negative finding in Sono-Hysterography. However, Hysteroscopy revealed positive intrauterine pathology in 22 patients who had abnormal uterine bleeding. One patients who had positive finding in Sono-Hysterograply showed negative by Hysterography. In contrast, one patient who had negative finding in Sono-Hysterography had positive uterine pathology with polyp in Hysteroscopy. The histologic pathology in all 23 patients reported endometrial polyp(n=12), placental polyp(n=2), submucous myoma(n=1), endometrial hyperplasia(n=5), endometrial cancer(n=1), normal endometrial finding(n=2). 4. Sono-Hysterography, therefore, has a sensitivity and positive predictive value of 96.6%, 93.5% respectively. Our study showed a positive Sono-Hysterography is very predictive of the intrauterine pathology. Sono-Hysterography is safe, quick and minimal invasive procedure. So it is an invaluable technique in the evaluation of uterine cavity.
Endometrial Hyperplasia ; Female ; Humans ; Hysterosalpingography ; Hysteroscopy* ; Infertility ; Myoma ; Pathology* ; Polyps ; Ultrasonography ; Uterine Hemorrhage

Sixty schizophrenia patients who committed homicide and detained after January 1, 1993 were divided in two groups, depending on whether their victim was a family member or not. Below conclusions were deduced from the comparison of the two groups in terms including demographic characteristics, onset and duration of illness, IQ score, suicidal attempts, history of alcohol/drug abuse or past crime, neuropsychiatric ward admission history, living circumstance, conflict with the victim, and adolescent conducting behavior. 1. More in the family homiciding patients (FHP) group lived alone due their unmarried, divorced, or separated marital status than those in the non-family homiciding patients (NFHP) group. More in the FHP group were in married state than those in NFHP group. 2. More in the NFHP group stayed alone apart from their family, while more in the FHP group lived with their family. 3. Those in the NFHP group show more frequent suicidal attempts than those in the FHP group, implying they have difficulties in the control of their impulsive behaviors. 4. To prevent the crime, it is essential for the government to practice the systematic support and care of the schizophrenia patients who are living alone, especially those without relative.
Adolescent ; Crime ; Divorce ; Homicide* ; Humans ; Impulsive Behavior ; Marital Status ; Schizophrenia ; Single Person

No abstract available.
Pulmonary Edema*

Primary biliary cirrhosis is frequently associated with a variety of disorders presumed to be autoimmune in nature, such as Sjogrens syndrome, scleroderma, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and autoimmune thyroiditis. Scleroderma has been recognized in association with primary biliary cirrhosis. Most cases present as the CREST (calcinosis cutis, Raynauds phenomenon, esophageal dysmotility, sclerodactyly, and telangiectasia) syndrome. Isolated pulmonary hypertension develops in a small proportion of patients, nearly all of whom have limited cutaneous involvement. We report a case who has diffuse scleroderma associated with primary biliary cirrhosis and isolated pulmonary hypertension.
Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; Esophageal Motility Disorders ; Humans ; Hypertension, Pulmonary* ; Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary* ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic ; Scleroderma, Diffuse* ; Sjogren's Syndrome ; Thyroiditis, Autoimmune

No abstract available.
Arteriovenous Fistula*

No abstract available.
Arteriovenous Fistula* ; Cyanosis*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the surface roughness, phase transformation, and surface topography of dental zirconia with three different yttrium oxide compositions under same grinding and polishing conditions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three zirconia disks (IPS e.max ZirCAD LT, MT, MT multi, Ivoclar Vivadent AG, Schaan, Liechtenstein) were selected for experimental materials. Sixty-nine bar-shaped specimens were fabricated as 12.0 × 6.0 × 4.0 mm using a milling machine and glazing was conducted on 12.0 × 6.0 mm surface by same operator. With a custom polishing device, 12.0 × 6.0 mm surfaces were polished under same condition. Surface roughness (Ra[µm]) was measured before grinding (C), after grinding (G), and at every 3 steps of polishing (P1, P2, P3). X-ray diffraction and FE-SEM observation was conducted before grinding, after grinding, and after fine polishing (P3). Statistical analysis of surface roughness was performed using Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney-U test was used as a post hoc test (α = .05). RESULTS: There were no significant differences of surface roughness between LT, MT, and MM groups. In LT, MT, and MM groups, P3 groups showed significantly lower surface roughness than C groups. X-ray diffraction showed grinding and polishing didn’t lead to phase transformation on zirconia surface. In FE-SEM images, growths in grain size of zirconia were observed as yttrium oxide composition increases. CONCLUSION Polished zirconia surface showed clinically acceptable surface roughness, but difference in yttrium oxide composition had no significant influence on the surface roughness. Therefore, in clinical situation, zirconia polishing burs could be used regardless of yttrium oxide composition.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the surface roughness, phase transformation, and surface topography of dental zirconia with three different yttrium oxide compositions under same grinding and polishing conditions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three zirconia disks (IPS e.max ZirCAD LT, MT, MT multi, Ivoclar Vivadent AG, Schaan, Liechtenstein) were selected for experimental materials. Sixty-nine bar-shaped specimens were fabricated as 12.0 × 6.0 × 4.0 mm using a milling machine and glazing was conducted on 12.0 × 6.0 mm surface by same operator. With a custom polishing device, 12.0 × 6.0 mm surfaces were polished under same condition. Surface roughness (Ra[µm]) was measured before grinding (C), after grinding (G), and at every 3 steps of polishing (P1, P2, P3). X-ray diffraction and FE-SEM observation was conducted before grinding, after grinding, and after fine polishing (P3). Statistical analysis of surface roughness was performed using Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney-U test was used as a post hoc test (α = .05). RESULTS: There were no significant differences of surface roughness between LT, MT, and MM groups. In LT, MT, and MM groups, P3 groups showed significantly lower surface roughness than C groups. X-ray diffraction showed grinding and polishing didn’t lead to phase transformation on zirconia surface. In FE-SEM images, growths in grain size of zirconia were observed as yttrium oxide composition increases. CONCLUSION Polished zirconia surface showed clinically acceptable surface roughness, but difference in yttrium oxide composition had no significant influence on the surface roughness. Therefore, in clinical situation, zirconia polishing burs could be used regardless of yttrium oxide composition.