PURPOSE:Recent studies proposed that polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) of the omega6 series (linoleic acid, LA) compared to the omega 3 series (linolenic acid, LNA) may be a potent promoters of adipogenesis during the gestation/lactation period. Increased ratio of LA/LNA may stimulate adipose tissue development during gestation/lactation period and may subsequently lead to chilhood obesity. The purpose of this study is to evaluate fatty acids composition of the breast milk in Korean lactating women and to analyze the relationship between LA/LNA and the body weight gain of the infants. METHODS:Fifty eight healthy postpartum lactating women and their healthy 58 breast feeding infants were studied. At 11.3+/-3.9 days of postpartum, breast milk were taken and analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography with one-step methylation method. RESULTS:The total fat contents in breast milk were 3.2+/-1.3%. The total fat contents in breast milk were not related to maternal BMI or Kaup index of infants. The percentage of PUFA was 24.9+/-6.0%. Among these PUFA, the percentage of LA and LNA was 20.3+/-5.8% and 2.2+/-0.8%, respectively. LA/ LNA ratio was 10.2+/-2.5. There were no significant correlations between LA/LNA ratio and infant weight gain during the first 2 months of life. CONCLUSION: Short term weight gain of infant was not related to the LA/LNA ratio in the breast milk. Further studies on the long term effects on fat percent and body weight of infants would be needed.
Adipogenesis ; Adipose Tissue ; alpha-Linolenic Acid ; Body Weight* ; Breast Feeding ; Breast* ; Chromatography, Gas ; Fatty Acids* ; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated ; Female ; Humans ; Infant* ; Linoleic Acid ; Methylation ; Milk, Human* ; Obesity ; Postpartum Period ; Weight Gain

No abstract available.
Antibodies* ; Immunoglobulin G* ; Immunoglobulin M*

PURPOSE: Lawn trimmers are widely used to cut the weeds around graves in South Korea, but they can cause ocular injury. We investigate at the emergency room the incidence and the clinical features of ocular trauma induced by lawn trimmers. METHODS: The authors analyzed 106 patients who visited Konyang University Hospital's emergency room from March 1, 2007, to October 31, 2011, because of ocular trauma caused by a lawn trimmer. Patients were sorted into two groups, severe ocular injury and mild ocular injury. RESULTS: Over a 5-year period, 106 patients with ocular trauma caused by a lawn trimmer underwent clinical study. Most of the patient (103 patients) were males, and the average age of the patients was 51.75+/-11.66 years. The incidence of ocular trauma peaked in the sixth decade of life. Most injuries occurred between July and September. Severe ocular injury developed in 46.2% of all patients. As age increased, so did the severity of the ocular injury. The impacting object was a small stone in 43.4% of all patients. Nobody wore protective gear. The most common diagnosis were corneal abrasion, followed by intraocular foreign body, corneal laceration, and sclera laceration. Fifty-four patients were followed up, and thirty-six patients of them had severe injury. The most common complication was a traumatic cataract. CONCLUSION: Ocular trauma induced by a lawn trimmer is more severe than general ocular trauma. We suggest that everyone using a lawn trimmer should wear protective gear and follow safety guidelines.
Cataract ; Emergencies ; Eye Foreign Bodies ; Eye Injuries ; Foreign Bodies ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lacerations ; Male ; Republic of Korea ; Sclera

PURPOSE: It is difficult at times to differentiate between a papillary carcinoma and benign papilloma of the breast, and papillomas can undergo malignant transformation. The authors investigated the expression of cyclin D1 and MIB-1 to assess the diagnostic value of these markers in distinguishing papillary carcinomas from papillomas of the breast, and in determining the clinical relevance of these markers as prognostic predictors. METHODS: The medical records of 38 patients treated for benign and malignant papillary lesions of the breast at Inje University Pusan Paik Hospital between January 1992 and December 1997 were reviewed. Immunohistochemical stains for cyclin D1 and MIB-1 were performed in 30 cases of papilloma and eight cases of papillary carcinoma of the breast. The authors performed a statistical analysis of the relationship between cyclin D1 and MIB-1 with respect to the size of tumors, pathologic lymph nodes, and postsurgical residual lesions, and the recurrence and survival rates. RESULTS: Breast cancer or ADH was associated with six cases (15.79%) of papillary lesions of the breast. The incidence of postsurgical residual lesions and their recurrence were 2.63% and 2.63% in all the patients with papillary lesions of the breast. The labeling index of cyclin D1 was significantly higher in the eight papillary carcinomas (36.7+/-27.0) than in the 30 papillomas (3.5+/-4.2) (P=0.001). There was a statistically significant difference betweenn the MIB-1 labeling index of the eight papillary carcinomas (4.9+/-5.9) and that of the 30 papillomas (0.4+/-1.4) (P=0.0225). The cyclin D1 and MIB-1 expressions of the single intraductalpapillomas and multiple papillomas were not different. In addition, there was no statistically significant difference of cyclin D1 and MIB-1 in the eight papillary carcinomas with respect to the associated pathologies, size, positive lymph nodes, recurrence or survival. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that cyclin D1 and MIB-1 might be useful markers for distinguishing papillary carcinomas from papillomas of the breast.
Breast Neoplasms ; Breast* ; Busan ; Carcinoma, Papillary ; Coloring Agents ; Cyclin D1 ; Cyclins* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lymph Nodes ; Medical Records ; Papilloma ; Pathology ; Recurrence ; Survival Rate

PURPOSE: It is difficult at times to differentiate between a papillary carcinoma and benign papilloma of the breast, and papillomas can undergo malignant transformation. The authors investigated the expression of cyclin D1 and MIB-1 to assess the diagnostic value of these markers in distinguishing papillary carcinomas from papillomas of the breast, and in determining the clinical relevance of these markers as prognostic predictors. METHODS: The medical records of 38 patients treated for benign and malignant papillary lesions of the breast at Inje University Pusan Paik Hospital between January 1992 and December 1997 were reviewed. Immunohistochemical stains for cyclin D1 and MIB-1 were performed in 30 cases of papilloma and eight cases of papillary carcinoma of the breast. The authors performed a statistical analysis of the relationship between cyclin D1 and MIB-1 with respect to the size of tumors, pathologic lymph nodes, and postsurgical residual lesions, and the recurrence and survival rates. RESULTS: Breast cancer or ADH was associated with six cases (15.79%) of papillary lesions of the breast. The incidence of postsurgical residual lesions and their recurrence were 2.63% and 2.63% in all the patients with papillary lesions of the breast. The labeling index of cyclin D1 was significantly higher in the eight papillary carcinomas (36.7+/-27.0) than in the 30 papillomas (3.5+/-4.2) (P=0.001). There was a statistically significant difference betweenn the MIB-1 labeling index of the eight papillary carcinomas (4.9+/-5.9) and that of the 30 papillomas (0.4+/-1.4) (P=0.0225). The cyclin D1 and MIB-1 expressions of the single intraductal papillomas and multiple papillomas were not different. In addition, there was no statistically significant difference of cyclin D1 and MIB-1 in the eight papillary carcinomas with respect to the associated pathologies, size, positive lymph nodes, recurrence or survival. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that cyclin D1 and MIB-1 might be useful markers for distinguishing papillary carcinomas from papillomas of the breast.
Breast Neoplasms ; Breast* ; Busan ; Carcinoma, Papillary ; Coloring Agents ; Cyclin D1 ; Cyclins* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lymph Nodes ; Medical Records ; Papilloma ; Papilloma, Intraductal ; Pathology ; Recurrence ; Survival Rate

Simultaneoulsy carpometacarpal fracture and dislocation is known to be uncommon past days. But Fisher1 reported that it is quite common injury of hand in 1984. Also high energy injury causes carpometacarpal joint fracture and dislocation, the result of treatment has wide spectrum of prognosis, so early diagnosis and treatment is essential. We reported 2 patients who had the fourth and fifth carpometacarpal fracture and dislocation.
Carpometacarpal Joints ; Dislocations ; Early Diagnosis ; Hand ; Humans ; Prognosis

PURPOSE: We intend to set up the plan by analyzing the case applying operative treatment for the diagnosis and treatment of the fourth and fifth metacarpal bone base fracture. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Among 15 cases treated operatively from January of 2004 to October of 2009, there were 9 cases being fifth isolated carpometacarpal fracture, 5 cases being the fourth and fifth carpometacarpal comminuted fracture, 2 cases accompanied by hamate body fracture, 10 cases were comminuted fracture of carpal bone or metacarpal bone. RESULTS: The 13 cases of 15 cases which have got operative treatment for the fourth and fifth carpometacarpal fracture were men, average age were 26.3 years old, injury mechanism were direct hit for 9 cases, slip-down for 6 cases. 12 cases were done closed reduction and pinning, 3cases were done open reduction because of comminution or accompanied by hamate fracture. CONCLUSION: Appropriate diagnostic tool such as computed tomography and careful physical examination are essential for good result of the fourth and fifth carpometacarpal fracture treatment.
Carpal Bones ; Fractures, Comminuted ; Humans ; Male ; Physical Examination

Immediate breast reconstruction following subcutaneous mastectomy for early breast carcinoma remains controversial. According to the recent reports however, it has become a recommendable option for the care of breast cancer patients whether it involves prosthetic implantation or myocutaneous flap procedure. Many technical problems have been introduced to reconstruct the breast; choice of incision, volume estimation, mobility of skin flap including nipple-areolar complex, irregularity of flap thickness, location of inframammary fold and choice of implant type. We have experienced 43 cases of immediate breast reconstruction by using tissue expander, breast implant and transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous(TRAM) flap after subcutaneous mastectomy. We believe that immediate breast reconstruction with autogenous tissue is very satisfactory in aesthetic, economic aspects, whereas reconstruction with prosthetic implantation is a convenient method but prone to unsatisfactory long-term results.
Breast Implants ; Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Female ; Humans ; Mammaplasty ; Mastectomy, Subcutaneous* ; Myocutaneous Flap ; Rectus Abdominis ; Skin ; Tissue Expansion Devices

Trichobezoars are gastric concretions that are composed of hair or fibers. They are more common in children and adolescents and are usually associated with a pica, emotional disturbance, or mental retardation. Trichobezoar is quite rare in Korea. In most cases, trichobezoars tend to form a cast of the stomach. However, in rare cases, portions of the trichobezoar may separate from the gastric mass, migrate distally, and obstruct the small bowel. We report a case of small bowel obstruction due to multiple trichobezoars in a 14 year-old-girl who had a habit of swallowing hairs until 12 years of age. The patient was treated successfully surgically.
Adolescent ; Affective Symptoms ; Bezoars* ; Child ; Deglutition ; Hair ; Humans ; Intellectual Disability ; Korea ; Pica ; Stomach

Paragonimiasis is an infectious disease caused by consumption of raw or improperly cooked freshwater crab or crayfish contaminated with Paragonimus metacercariae. The incidence of the disease has markedly decreased, but it is still a lung disease that requires a differential diagnosis in endemic areas such as Korea and Japan. It is commonly found in the lung but has also been found as extrapulmonary infestations, such as cerebral, spinal, subcutaneous, abdominal, urinary, and gynecological infestations. We report a rare case of ectopic paragonimiasis involving the breast with pleural effusion that was initially misdiagnosed as tuberculous pleurisy and a breast abscess.
Abscess ; Astacoidea ; Breast ; Communicable Diseases ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Fresh Water ; Incidence ; Japan ; Korea ; Lung ; Lung Diseases ; Metacercariae ; Paragonimiasis ; Paragonimus ; Pleural Effusion ; Tuberculosis, Pleural