True pancreaticoduodenal artery aneurysms are relatively rare, approximately 50% of which are associated with stenosis or occlusion of the celiac axis. It is imperative to treat the condition immediately after diagnosis, considering that its rupture has a mortality rate of approximately 50%. The current most commonly used method to treat pancreaticoduodenal artery aneurysms is transcatheter arterial embolization. Here, we report three cases of embolization of inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery aneurysm with celiac stenosis or occlusion along with a literature review.

Purpose: To compare contrast sensitivity before and after surgery in patients who underwent laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK)and small-incision lenticule extraction (SMILE). Methods: From February 2019 to April 2019, 20 patients who underwent LASIK, and 21 who underwent SMILE, were comparedbefore, one day, one week, and one month after surgery. Results: On postoperative day (POD) 1, contrast sensitivity was better in the LASIK group than in the SMILE group under all conditionsfor 1.6, 1, and 0.64 cycles per degree (cpd). One week after surgery, the contrast sensitivity of the LASIK group was betterthan that of the SMILE group under photopic conditions with glare for 1.6, 1, and 0.64 cpd, under photopic conditions withoutglare for 1 and 0.64 cpd, and under all scotopic conditions for 2.5, 1.6, and 0.64 cpd (p< 0.05). There was no significant differencebetween the two groups, except under the scotopic conditions without glare for 0.64 cpd at one month after surgery. In theLASIK group, the contrast sensitivity was best at one week after surgery. The SMILE group showed the poorest contrast sensitivityon POD 1, but this gradually improved. Conclusions The LASIK group had better contrast sensitivity on one day and one week after surgery than the SMILE group, butthere was no significant difference at one month after surgery. In the LASIK group, the contrast sensitivity was best at one weekafter surgery. In the SMILE group, the contrast sensitivity was worst on POD 1.

Purpose: To report a case of central toxic keratopathy after femtosecond laser in-situ keratomileusis (LASIK).Case summary: A 26-year-old male developed diffuse lamellar keratitis bilaterally on day 2 after femtosecond LASIK. He was applying topical steroid frequently, while also using topical antibiotics. On day 6 after LASIK, slit-lamp biomicroscopy showed a thick central corneal opacity on the right eye so a flap irrigation was performed. He was then treated with systemic methylprednisolone. A corneal epithelial crack and stromal striae were noted by slit-lamp biomicroscopy on postoperative day 10. Four weeks after LASIK, the refractive error was +4.25 Dsph = -1.25 Dcyl Axis 80°. He was treated with topical steroid, topical antibiotics, and oral doxycycline until eight weeks after LASIK. Eight weeks after LASIK, the patient was observed without treatment. The central corneal thickness recovered from 488 μm at eight weeks to 540 μm, and the refractive error was +1.25 Dsph = -0.75 Dcyl Axis 85° at postoperative 72 weeks. The central corneal opacity also recovered. Conclusions Because femtosecond LASIK may result in a combination of diffuse lamellar keratitis and central toxic keratopathy, the clinical characteristics and natural course of both diseases should be understood and timely treatment should be available.

PURPOSE: To report a case of corneal and lenticular pigmentation after prolonged clozapine therapy. CASE SUMMARY: A 56-year-old male visited our hospital with a progressive decline in vision that affected both eyes. He had a history of schizophrenia. He was being treated with 200 mg clozapine and 1 mg lorazepam daily, and had been treated with clozapine for 5 years. At the first visit, his best-corrected-visual acuity was 20/32 in both eyes. Slit lamp examination of the corneas showed bright, fine, grayish-brown deposits on the endothelium, and on dilation, bilateral central stellate opacity of the anterior portion of the lens capsule was revealed. CONCLUSIONS: Clozapine may induce corneal and lenticular pigmentation and thus may lead to a decline in vision. Patients on long-term clozapine therapy should be considered for regular ophthalmic review.
Clozapine ; Cornea ; Endothelium ; Humans ; Lorazepam ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pigmentation ; Schizophrenia ; Slit Lamp

OBJECTIVE: In this study, the exposure levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and urinary 1-hydroxypyrene(1-OHP) were surveyed among the workers using coal tar paint. METHOD: The study subjects for the exposed group were 107 male coal tar workers in 10 factories, and for the comparison group were 201 male clerk workers who had never been exposed to coal tar paint. Ambient PAHs, and pre-shift and end-shift urinary 1-OHP were sample and 16 PAHs were analysed. Smoking history was recorded during the survey day. RESULTS: The geometric mean of ambient concentration of total PAHs was 120.17 microgram/m3. Naphthalene had the highest level among the 16 PAHs. The pre-shift 1-OHP in the exposed group (8.89 micro mol/mol creatinine) was significantly higher than that in the control group (0.29 micro mol/mol creatinine). The end-shift 1-OHP in the exposed group (19.02 micro mol/mol creatinine) was significantly higher than that in the pre-shift (8.89 micro mol/mol creatinine) (Ed- confirm). 1-OHP of smokers was significantly higher than that of non-smokers in both groups. The difference between pre-shift and end-shift 1-OHP in smokers (12.40 micro mol/mol creatinine) was twice as high as that in non-smokers (6.06 micro mol/mol creatinine). The difference of 1-OHP between smokers and nonsmokers was 7.59 micro mol/mol creatinine in pre-shift and 13.96 micro mol/mol creatinine in end-shift. Thus, the effect of smoking and exposure to PAHs on 1-OHP may not be additive. In regression analysis for 1-OHP, the significant independent variables were pre-shift 1-OHP and PAHs. The direction of these variables was positive. When the analysis was performed in workers exposed to higher PAHs, smoking was significant independent variable. CONCLUSION: The above results suggest that not only ambient PAHs but also smoking, one of the most important non-occupational PAHs source, influenced the level of 1-OHP. Moreover, the effect of smoking to 1-OHP changed according to the exposure level of PAHs.
Coal Tar* ; Coal* ; Creatinine ; Humans ; Male ; Paint* ; Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic* ; Smoke ; Smoking