No abstract available.
Tears*

No abstract available.

Various etiologies of hallux valgus and metatarsus primus varus have been reported, but still they are not conclusively established. Furthermore, between hallux valgus and metatarsus primus varus, the question is unanswered as to which is the cause and which is the result. To determine the primary cause and attribution of high heeled position to hallux valgus and metatarsus primus varus, we selected three different types of dancer. Traditional dancers wear cotton sox and strike the heels first to move, modern dancers walk or run and jump on naked feet, and ballerinas stand, walk or jump on their toes with hard wooden shoes, so the latter two types of dancers move with extremely high-heeled position. We analyzed the plain AP roentgenography of 84 feet for 16 ballerinas, 13 modern and 13 traditional dancers. The results were as follows : 1. First metatarsalgia was noted in 38% of modern dancers and 43% of ballerinas but none in traditional dancers. 2. The mean hallux valgus angle was 13.6°±2.7° in traditional dancers, 13.5°±3.8° in modern dancers, 18°±3.3° in ballerinas which are statistically significant between ballerinas and modern, traditional dancers(P < 0.01). 3. The mean intermetatarsal angle was 10.5°±1.4° in traditional dancers, 10.6°±1.1° in modern dancers, 10.8°±1.5° in ballerinas, and metatarsus primus varus angle was 17.6 °±5.1°, 18.3°±2.7°, 19.4°±3.6°, respectively, which were all statistically insignificant(P>0.01). Therefore, it is concluded that medio-lateral compression of shoes may be the principal contributor for the hallux valgus rather than high heel, and hallux valgus is the primary deformity.
Congenital Abnormalities ; Dancing ; Foot ; Hallux Valgus ; Hallux ; Heel ; Metatarsalgia ; Radiography ; Shoes ; Strikes, Employee ; Toes

No abstract available.
Retreatment* ; Treatment Failure*

This study was conducted to invetigate the effect of high-dose steroid administration on adipogenesis and secretion of PAI-1 in rat. Sixty healthy Wistar rats were divided into three groups. Group A consisted of 20 control animals received 5 ml/kg isotonic saline for 1 weeks. Group B consisted of 20 animals received 10 ml/kg of methylprednisolone intraperitoeally for 1 week. Group C comprized 20 animals received 10 ml/kg of methylprednisolone intraperitoneally for 1 week. After the completionof treatment, blood sampling was performed for measurenement of PAI-1 and the animale were sacrificed for histopathologic examination and immunohistochemical study. The PAI-1 protein expressin of femoral heads were evaluated with Western-blotting. Blood level of PAI-1 increased significantly in high-dose steroid treated group(Group B and C) compared to control group. In histopathologic examination, significant fat morrow conversion, fat cell hypertrophy and fat cyst formation were observed in high-dose steroid treated group. Immunohistochemically, PAi-1 expression was sprominent in the fat cells. Protein expression of PAI-1 of femoral heads increased significantly in highdose steroid treated group compared to control group. In lights of above results, it is postulated that increased secretion of PAI-1 from fat cells could play a major role in the pathogenesis of osteonecrosis of the femoral head in rats treated with high-dose steroid.
Adipocytes ; Adipogenesis* ; Animals ; Head ; Hypertrophy ; Methylprednisolone ; Osteonecrosis ; Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1* ; Rats* ; Rats, Wistar

No abstract available.
Cell Line* ; Humans*

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of Ilizarov external fixator in the treatment of difficult tibial fractures. We analyzed 37 cases with closed or open comminuted tibial fractures and unstable segmental fractures, treated with Ilizarov external fixator between August 1993 and August 1997. Among them, 21 cases were treated with simple application of Ilizarov external fixator. A compression of the fracture site (6 cases), translation (2 cases) and internal transportation technique (2 cases) were applied, and bone graft was applied in 5 cases. We obtained bony union in all cases with Ilizarov method except one case converted to intramedullary nailing due to delayed union. The average time required for bone union were 21 weeks in closed fractures, 26.2 weeks in open fractures. The complications developed were as follows; pin irritation in 14 cases, pin tract infection in 9 cases, adjacent joint contracture in 3 cases, delayed union in 1 case and malunion in 1 case. According to Tuckers classification, the results were graded as excellent in 18 cases, good in 14 cases, fair in 3 cases, poor in 2 cases. In conclusion, Ilizarov external fixation is one of the useful treatment option in closed or open comminuted tibial fractures and unstable segmental fractures.
Classification ; Contracture ; External Fixators* ; Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary ; Fractures, Closed ; Fractures, Open ; Ilizarov Technique ; Joints ; Tibia ; Tibial Fractures* ; Transplants ; Transportation

CT may be valuably used indetermination of proptosis. Normal value of eyeball protrusion was measured innormal Koreans using CT. Among 86 Koreans, 26 have normal both eyes, but 60 have one normal eye with one abnormaleye (chiefly, proptosis and and eyeball tumor) The results of 112 eyes are as follows; Absolute measurement of“a”, that is, the distance between cornea & IZL (interzygomatic line) is 16.0±3.4mm in male (for 63 eye),15.7±4.0 mm in female for 49 eyes. Ratio of “a” over “A” (A-P diameter of eyeball) is 57±12% is male (for 63eye), 57±14% in female (for 49 eye) Discrepancy of eyeball protrusion between both eyes is 0.67±1.5mm (for 26adults) Practically, normal range of eyeball prototrusion(“a”) is 12.6mm< male< 19.4mm, 11.7mm
Adult ; Cornea ; Exophthalmos ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Reference Values

The type-specific PCR and the sequence analysis of 56 kDa gene of Orientia tsutsugamushi infected in field rodents specimens have shown intratypic genetic heterogeneity in genotype Karp. In sequence comparison, this genetic heterogeneity was mainly due to insertion or deletion of a repeated unit in variable domain I (VDI) region. These results suggested that genetic duplication or deletion of the specific sequence rnight be involved in intratypic genetic heterogeneity of Orientia tsutsugamushi.
Genetic Heterogeneity* ; Genotype* ; Orientia tsutsugamushi* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Rodentia ; Sequence Analysis

No abstract available.
Carcinoma, Renal Cell* ; Prostate*