BACKGROUND: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the clinico-hematological findings of bone marrow (BM) involvement and leukemic phase in Korean patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). METHODS: We included 791 patients with NHL that were classified with the WHO (2008) criteria. Laboratory data, bone marrow histomorphologic features and medical records were reviewed. Leukemic phase was defined as when the proportion of neoplastic lymphoid cells comprised more than 10% of leukocytes in the peripheral blood or more than 25% of nucleated cells in the BM. RESULTS: We found that 21.7% (172/791) of the patients had BM involvement, and 6.2% (49/791) developed leukemic phase of the disease. NHL subtypes showing high frequencies of leukemic phase development were mantle cell lymphoma (40%), angioimmunoblastic T cell lymphoma (40%), lymphoblastic lymphoma (36.4%), and Burkitt lymphoma (26.1%). Compared to B-cell type, T-cell type of NHL showed significantly higher frequencies of BM involvement (18.6% vs 30.9%; P=0.0004) and leukemic phase development (4.8% vs 10.3%, P=0.008). Complete remission rate was significantly lower in leukemic (55.6%) than in non-leukemic (85.9%) group of patients (P=0.0002), whereas relapse rate was not different between the two groups. Death rate was higher in leukemic (46.9%) than in non-leukemic (30.1%) group of patients, and the 5-yr overall survival probability was significantly lower in leukemic group (P=0.02). CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of leukemic phase development in NHL was lower in Korean patients than that reported for Western populations and higher in T-cell lymphoma. We confirmed that the presence of leukemic phase in NHL patients is associated with a poor prognosis.
B-Lymphocytes ; Bone Marrow ; Burkitt Lymphoma ; Humans ; Incidence ; Leukocytes ; Lymphocytes ; Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin ; Lymphoma, T-Cell ; Medical Records ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; Prognosis ; Recurrence ; T-Lymphocytes

PURPOSE: Various diagnostic imaging modalities have been used to evaluate the effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy for osteosarcoma early and noninvasively. We evaluated the effectiveness of imaging studies of plain radiographs and positron-emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in predicting neoadjuvant chemotherapy effect for osteosarcoma and tried to establish a general principle in interpretation of PET/CT parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighteen patients who underwent two cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and surgical excision for osteosarcoma were enrolled. There were 13 males and 5 females, with a median age of 19 (11-63) years. Fifteen patients of 18 had the American Joint Committe on Cancer (AJCC) stage IIB. They had plain radiographs and PET/CT before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The resected tumor specimens were pathologically examined to determine histological response grade using a conventional mapping method. Statistical analysis was performed to evaluate the correlation between histopathological necrosis rate, and radiographic finding category, post-chemotherapy maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), average standardized uptake value and metabolic tumor volume (MTV) as well as reduction rates of them. RESULTS: Eight patients were good responders to neoadjuvant chemotherapy based on histological evaluation. Median SUVmax reduction rate was 73 (23-77) % in good responders and 42 (-32-76) % in poor responders. Median MTV reduction rate was 93.5 (62-99) % in good responders and 46 (-81-100) % in poor responders. While radiographic finding category was not different according to histological response (p=1.0), SUVmax reduction rate was significantly different (p=0.041). Difference in MTV reduction rates approached statistical significance as well (p=0.071). CONCLUSION: While radiographic finding category was not reliable to assess neoadjuvant chemotherapy effect for osteosarcoma, reduction rate of SUVmax was a useful indicator in this study. As parameters of PET/CT can be influenced by various factors of settings, different centers have to make an effort to establish their own standard of judgement with reference of previous studies.
Diagnostic Imaging ; Drug Therapy* ; Female ; Humans ; Joints ; Male ; Necrosis ; Neoadjuvant Therapy ; Osteosarcoma* ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; Positron-Emission Tomography and Computed Tomography ; Tumor Burden

Sirenomelia, also known as the mermaid syndrome, is a rare and usually lethal congenital malformation of uncertain etiology. It is characterized by fusion of the lower limbs and commonly associated with severe urogenital and gastrointestinal malformations. Early antenatal sonogram allows for earlier, and less traumatic termination of pregnancy, but usually it is impared by severe oligohydramnios related to bilateral renal agenesis. We diagnosed a sirenomelia with severe oligohydramnios at early second trimester after amnioinfusion and terminated. We report a case with a brief review of the literature.
Ectromelia* ; Female ; Humans ; Lower Extremity ; Oligohydramnios ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Trimester, Second

PURPOSE: To determine appropriate sampling frequency and time of multiple blood sampling dual exponential method with 99mTc-DTPA for calculating glomerular filtration rate (GFR). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty four patients were included in this study. Three mCi of 99mTc-DTPA was intravenously injected and blood sampling at 9 different times, 5ml each, were done. Using the radioactivity of serum, measured by gamma counter, the GFR was calculated using dual exponential method and corrected with the body surface area. Using spontaneously chosen 2 data points of serum radioactivity, 15 collections of 2-sample GFR were calculated. And 10 collections of 3-sample GFR and 12 collections of 4-sample GFR were also calculated. Using the 9-sample GFR as a reference value, degree of agreement was analyzed with Kendall's tau correlation coefficients, mean difference and standard deviation. RESULTS: Although some of the 2-sample GFR showed high correlation coefficient, over or underestimation had evolved as the renal function change. The 10-120-240 min 3-sample GFR showed a high correlation coefficient (tau=0.93), minimal difference (Mean+/-SD=-1.784+/-3.972), and no over or underestimation as the renal function changed. The 4-sample GFR showed no better accuracy than the 3-sample GFR. CONCLUSIONS: In the wide spectrum of renal function, the 10-120-240 min 3-sample GFR could be the best choice for estimating the patients' renal function.
Body Surface Area ; Glomerular Filtration Rate ; Humans ; Radioactivity ; Reference Values

Plasmablastic lymphoma(PBL) is a recently described aggressive B-cell neoplasm, which usually manifests as a localized disease of the oral mucosa in individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus(HIV). Recently, we encountered a case of plasmablastic lymphoma manifesting in the left maxillary sinus and cervical lymph node of a previously healthy HIV-negative man, 48 years of age. we conducted a fine-needle aspiration smear of the cervical lymph node, and this was found to be highly cellular with numerous large cells exhibiting eccentrically positioned nuclei, prominent nucleoli, and moderate quantities of basophilic cytoplasm. A biopsy of the mass in the maxillary sinus evidenced diffuse growth of similar plasmablastic cells. These tumor cells were negative for the leukocyte common antigens, CD20, CD3, CD30, and EMA. However, the cells tested positive for CD79a and CD138/syndecan-1. The tumor cells also exhibited L-light-chain restriction. The Ki-67 proliferation index was measured at almost 100%. The patient was diagnosed with plasmablastic lymphoma. After three cycles of combination chemotherapy and radiotherapy, the patient went into complete remission, and currently remains in this state.
Antigens, CD45 ; B-Lymphocytes ; Basophils ; Biopsy ; Biopsy, Fine-Needle* ; Cytoplasm ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; HIV ; Humans* ; Lymph Nodes ; Lymphoma* ; Maxillary Sinus ; Mouth Mucosa ; Radiotherapy

Background: We developed an assay to measure DNA-incorporated 6-thioguanine (DNATG) and validated its clinical applicability in Korean pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in order to improve individualized thiopurine treatment and reduce the life-threatening cytotoxicity. Methods: The DNA-TG assay was developed based on liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, with isotope-labeled TG-d3 and guanine-d3 as internal standards.This method was applied to 257 samples of pediatric ALL patients. The DNA-TG level was compared with erythrocyte TG nucleotide (RBC-TGN) level in relation to the TPMT and NUDT15 genotypes, which affect thiopurine metabolism, using Spearman’s rank test and repeated measure ANOVA. Results: For DNA-TG quantification, a linearity range of 10.0-5,000.0 fmol TG/µg DNA;bias for accuracy of –10.4% –3.5%; coefficient of variation for intra- and inter-day precision of 3.4% and 5.8% at 80 fmol TG/µg DNA and of 4.9% and 5.3% at 800 fmol TG/µg DNA, respectively; and recovery of 85.7%–116.2% were achieved without matrix effects or carry-over. The median DNA-TG level in the 257 samples was 106.0 fmol TG/µg DNA (interquartile range, 75.8–150.9). There was a strong correlation between DNA-TG and RBC-TGN levels (ρ = 0.68,ρ < 0.0001). The DNA-TG/RBC-TGN ratio was significantly higher in NUDT15 intermediate metabolizers (*1/*2 and *1/*3) than in patients with wildtype alleles (ρ < 0.0001). Conclusions This simple and sensitive method for measuring DNA-TG level can improve therapeutic drug monitoring for thiopurine treatment.

BACKGROUND: Because of the heterogeneity of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), methods for cell expansion in culture and the effects on gene expression are critical factors that need to be standardized for preparing MSCs. We investigated gene expression patterns of MSCs with different seeding densities and culture times. METHODS: Bone marrow-derived MSCs were plated at densities from 200 cells/cm2 to 5,000 cells/cm2, and the gene expression patterns were evaluated over time using a reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction assay. RESULTS: The mRNA levels of factors that play a critical role in cell migration and tissue regeneration, such as podocalyxin-like protein (PODXL), alpha4-integrin, alpha6-integrin, and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), were higher in MSCs plated at 200 cells/cm2 than in MSCs plated at 5,000 cells/cm2. The mRNA levels of these factors gradually increased for 10 days and then decreased by day 15 in culture. MSCs seeded at 200 cells/cm2 that were cultured for 10 days expressed high levels of Oct-4 and Nanog. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, cyclooxygenase-1, and hepatocyte growth factor expression were upregulated in the presence of the proinflammatory cytokine interferon-gamma in these cells. CONCLUSION: We found differences in the gene expression patterns of MSCs under different culture conditions. MSCs from 10-day cultures seeded at a low density were efficiently expanded, expressed PODXL, alpha6-integrin, alpha4-integrin, and LIF, and maintained properties like stemness and immunomodulation. Therefore, ex vivo expansion of MSCs maintained for an adequate culture time after plating at low cell density can provide an effective regenerative medicinal strategy for cell therapies using MSCs.
Cell Count ; Cell Movement ; Cyclooxygenase 1 ; Gene Expression ; Hepatocyte Growth Factor ; Humans ; Immunomodulation ; Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase ; Interferon-gamma ; Leukemia Inhibitory Factor ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Population Characteristics ; Regeneration ; RNA, Messenger ; Seeds ; Tissue Therapy