PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to develop an instrument of task performance evaluation for clinical nurses, thus testing the validity and the reliability of the scale. METHOD: Data was collected from 84 Head Nurses and 255 General Nurses. A conceptual framework, composed of 4 factors of meaning in task performance evaluation, was identified through review of the relevant literature. A total of 78 items were developed and were used on a five-point likert scale. Through factor analysis, items whose factor loading was below 0.50 were deleted, thus 35 items remained. To test the validity and reliability of the instrument, the SPSS 11.0 windows program was used. RESULT: The results of the factor analysis indicated that 4 factors were classified and the cumulative percent of variance was 67.54%. The results of the reliability test indicated that Cronbach's coefficient of the total 35 items was over 0.9176. The results of the factor analysis indicated that factor loadings of all items was over 0.50. Conclusively, the validity and the reliability of the scale were proven. CONCLUSION: This study was identified as a tool with a high degree of reliability and validity.
*Task Performance and Analysis ; *Nursing Evaluation Research ; Nursing/*standards ; Middle Aged ; Korea ; Humans ; Female ; Adult

PURPOSE: The purpose of this research was to develop and evaluate the effect of a mind map for relief of emotional labor and burnout among nurses in outpatient departments in cancer hospitals. METHODS: We developed a mind map to reduce emotional labor and burnout. A quasi-experimental study was used with a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. Data were collected from December 2012 to April 2013. Participants were 35 nurses working in the outpatient department of a cancer hospital. The experimental group participated in the mind map program biweekly for 10 weeks. Data were analyzed using chi2-test, Mann-Whitney U test, paired t-test, and Wilcoxon sign rank test with the SPSS 21.0 program. RESULTS: The physical burnout and total burnout scores decreased significantly in the intervention group which took the mind map program. CONCLUSION: Findings indicate that the mind map is an effective intervention to reduce burnout in outpatient department nurses.
Cancer Care Facilities* ; Humans ; Outpatients*

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: We checked traditional and high-level precordial electrocardiogram (ECG) leads in patients who had undergone right ventricular outlet obstruction (RVOT) reconstruction surgery and evaluated the effect of ECG lead position on their QRS duration. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We enrolled 34 patients who had undergone surgery for congenital heart disease with RVOT obstruction and who had received followed up care that included recorded ECG at a pediatric cardiac out-patient clinic. The control group included 29 patients who did not have hemodynamically significant intracardiac abnormality. We recorded traditional standard 12-leads ECG from the 4th intercostals space, and moved the precordial leads to the 3rd and 2nd intercostals spaces, and recorded ECGs repeatedly. RESULTS: In all groups, there was no significant difference of mean QRS duration and QTc interval between traditional standard 12-leads ECGs and ECGs at higher intercostals spaces. There was no significant difference of ECG parameters between groups. In the control group, the degree of the change between the 4th intercostals space (ICS) QRS and 3rd ICS QRS was significant (p=0.031), and although, it was insignificant, ECGs at the 3rd ICS showed decreased QRS duration in group 1 (V1: 3rd ICS 119.21+/-21.53 msec vs. 4th ICS 122.80+/-31.78 msec. V2: 3rd ICS 113.68+/-19.43 msec vs. 4th ICS 118.24+/-19.16 msec). CONCLUSION: Although the positional change of ECG leads did not result in a significant effect on measuring QRS duration after surgery, ECG leads at the 3rd ICS rather than at the 4th ICS may cause alteration of ECG readings. Therefore, we suggest that ECGs should be recorded in as accurate a position as possible.
Child ; Electrocardiography ; Heart Diseases ; Heart Ventricles ; Humans ; Outpatients ; Reading ; Thoracic Surgery

PURPOSE: The aim was to investigate the effect of implant thread designs on the stress dissipation of the implant. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The threads evaluated in this study included the V-shaped, buttress, reverse buttress, and square-shaped threads, which were of the same size (depth). Building four different implant/bone complexes each consisting of an implant with one of the 4 different threads on its cylindrical body (4.1 mm x 10 mm), a force of 100 N was applied onto the top of implant abutment at 30degrees with the implant axis. In order to simulate different osseointegration stages at the implant/bone interfaces, a nonlinear contact condition was used to simulate immature osseointegration and a bonding condition for mature osseointegration states. RESULTS: Stress distribution pattern around the implant differed depending on the osseointegration states. Stress levels as well as the differences in the stress between the analysis models (with different threads) were higher in the case of the immature osseointegration state. Both the stress levels and the differences between analysis models became lower at the completely osseointegrated state. Stress dissipation characteristics of the V-shape thread was in the middle of the four threads in both the immature and mature states of osseointegration. These results indicated that implant thread design may have biomechanical impact on the implant bed bone until the osseointegration process has been finished. CONCLUSION: The stress dissipation characteristics of V-shape thread was in the middle of the four threads in both the immature and mature states of osseointegration.
Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Finite Element Analysis ; Osseointegration

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to test interrater & intrarater reliability of FIM. METHOD: We trained 7 members in our rehabilitation team with educational FIM manual and videotape published at State University of New York. After training workshop and several practice of FIM, videotaped FIM of the 10 patients with stroke were evaluated twice at 30 days interval by 7 trained testers. With each FIM data interrater & intrarater correlations were analyzed. RESULTS: Both interrater & intrarater reliability of FIM was significantly high. And the results of intrarater reliability were more reliable than those of interrater reliability. Also motor FIM components were more reliable than cognition FIM components. CONCLUSION: With proper training of the testers, FIM could be used as a standard assessment tool in a rehabilitation unit to quantify patients' disability.
Activities of Daily Living* ; Cognition ; Education ; Humans ; Rehabilitation ; Stroke ; Videotape Recording

No Abstract Available.
Humans ; Interleukin-12* ; Interleukin-18* ; Tuberculosis, Pleural*

No abstract available.
Humans* ; Interleukin-12* ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis* ; Mycobacterium* ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary* ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha*

OBJECTIVES: Psychiatric patients had less access to psychiatric care due to a stigma associated with psychiatric care. However there have been numerous efforts to break down the stigma. One of them was to change the name of the discipline to Mental Health Medicine, which was established nationwide in August, 2011. Authors try to understand the change of concepts by according to the change of the name of psychiatry. Subjects consisted of undergraduate and graduate students, and university faculty members. METHODS: The survey was conducted by the Kyung Hee University mass e-mail system. Mails were delivered to the undergraduate and graduate students, and university faculty members. The contents of the survey consisted of questions regarding awareness of the name change (psychiatry-->mental health medicine), positive or negative impressions of the name change, psychiatric history, and eligibility of access to the psychiatric clinic. RESULTS: Most respondents were not aware of the name change (90.8%), however they generally responded to the changed name positively (92.7%). Also they responded that by changing the name, the possibility of the easy access to psychiatric treatment would be expected. The undergraduate students group, the graduate students group, and the below 22 year old group responded more favorably to the name change compared to the faculty group and the above 22-year-old group. They also responded positively to the improvement of easy access to psychiatric treatment. However, regarding the effects of the name change on deciding to receive the psychiatric treatment, only small numbers were agreed to accept treatment. CONCLUSION: This survey showed that the less-than-22-year-old group, undergraduate students group, and graduate students group thought more positively to the name change (psychiatry->mental health medicine) compared to the group of more than the 22 years old and the faculty group. However, only small numbers of those groups answered that they can visit and receive psychiatric treatment when they are needed. One of the reasons they are reluctant to receive psychiatric care is due to the concern of the discrimination in employment and insurance coverage. Campaigns against stigmas for the psychiatric care via the proper method and time are needed nationwide, and should be enhanced. Practical policy should be re-established.
Surveys and Questionnaires ; Discrimination (Psychology) ; Electronic Mail ; Employment ; Humans ; Insurance Coverage ; Mental Health ; Postal Service ; Young Adult

PURPOSE: Children with nephrotic syndrome(NS) are under high risk for metabolic bone disease(MBD) as a complication of long-term glucocorticoid therapy. We prospectively evaluated the effect of oral bisphosphonate(alendronate) therapy in children with NS, which has proven efficacy in adult patients with glucocorticoid induced MBD. METHODS: Among 58 children with NS, aged 5 to 8 years and having a disease duration of more than 2 years, 30(51.7%) were enrolled to meet the selection criteria, less than -1.0 Z- scores of lumbar spine bone mineral density(BMD) by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). These 30 children were divided into three groups and each were assigned to receive alendronate, calcitriol, and no-medication, respectively for one year. Lumbar spine BMD was followed up every 6 months and the biochemical indexes were measured before and 1 year after the treatment. There were no significant difference among groups with respect to the average age, the initial BMD, and the cumulative steroid doses. Analysis of the treatment efficacy was done by the % change of BMD and by the changes in Z-scores of lumbar spine BMD. RESULTS: Mean age and disease duration of patients at the initial lumbar spine BMD evaluation was 7.4+/-1.7 years and 2.2+/-1.2 years, respectively. Twenty-three of 30 children(76%) had osteopenia, and seven(23%) had osteoporosis. There was no difference in the biochemical values among the groups, before and 1 year after the treatment(P<0.05). Twenty two children(73.3%) with frequent relapsing or steroid dependant NS had more frequent MBD, compared to the 8 children(26.6%) with infrequent relapsing NS. The one year % changes of BMD were 8.56 in alendronate group, 5.79 in calcitriol group, and 1.9 in no-medication group. The changes in Z-score of lumbar spine BMD increased in the alendronate group and the calcitriol group, but not in the no-medication group. One year % changes of BMD were different among groups(P=0.0002). Significant differences were found between the alendronate and the no-medication group, and between the calcitriol and the no-medication group(P< 0.05). There was no difference between the alendronate and the calcitriol group. No serious adverse effect was observed in the alendronate group. CONCLUSION: Children with NS receiving high dose steroids are under the high risk of BMD and should undergo regular BMD evaluation. Z-score of lumbar spine BMD was a useful parameter in diagnosing low bone mass in children. Alendronate weekly oral therapy was effective and relatively safe in increasing the lumbar spine BMD in children with NS having steroid induced MBD.
Absorptiometry, Photon ; Adult ; Alendronate* ; Bone Density ; Bone Diseases, Metabolic* ; Calcitriol ; Child* ; Humans ; Nephrotic Syndrome* ; Osteoporosis ; Patient Selection ; Prospective Studies ; Spine ; Steroids ; Treatment Outcome

Mammary-type myofibroblastoma of the soft tissue is a benign mesenchymal tumor, and it is a recently established clinical entity. We report a case of myofibroblastoma of the chest wall with a prominent epithelioid feature, that occurred in a 12-year old female. Although the lesion occurred in the breast area, there was no breast parenchyma in or around the mass, which favored soft tissue of the chest wall origin. The tumor was immunohistochemically identical to the mammary-type myofibroblastoma with diffuse and strong positivity against CD34 and desmin. The myoepithelial differentiation of the tumor was further supported by the electron microscopic analysis. This case indicates that mammary-type myofibroblastoma can occur in a young girl. The mammary-type myofibroblastoma should be considered a differential diagnosis, among epithelioid soft tissue neoplasms in the chest wall when the proper immunohistochemical work-up is done.
Breast ; Child ; Desmin ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Neoplasms, Muscle Tissue* ; Soft Tissue Neoplasms ; Thoracic Wall* ; Thorax*