BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The systemic inflammatory response syndrome(SIRS), as defied recently by critical-care specialists, may result from various etiologies including infection, bum, or trauma. The purpose of this study was to determine whether TNF- alpha is associated with the development of systemic inflammatory response syndrome caused by multiple trauma. METHODS: The study population consisted of 21 patients with multiple trauma presented emergency department within 2 hours after insult were enrolled in this study Multiple blood samples were serially drawn to measure seam TNF-alpha level on admission, 12 hours, 24 hours, and every day until 5 days after injury. Serum TNF-alpha was measured by ELISA ("Sandwich type"). Blood samples of fifteen volunteers were used as a reference value far serum TNF-alpha. RESULTS: Serum TNF-alpha. levels of SIRS group were persistency elevated above reference value until 3 days after on admission. Peak seam TNF-alpha level at 12 hours after admission was higher in SIRS group than non-SIRS group(p< 0.05). There was no significant correlation between injury severity score and TNF-alpha levels on regression analysis, all patients with ISS higher than 16 had SIRS. No one had SIRS among patients with ISS less than 16. CONCLUSION: the result of this study suggests that persistent elevation of TNF-alpha and degree of injury severity are associated with the development of systemic inflammatory response syndrome in multiple trauma.
Emergency Service, Hospital ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Humans ; Injury Severity Score ; Multiple Trauma* ; Reference Values ; Specialization ; Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome* ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha* ; Volunteers

There have been many reports regarding complications associated with cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR) and it may be true that there are many unrevealed complications. Although it is used to say that 'any CPR is better than no CPR', inadvertent or inadequate CPR may insult in serious organ injury. This report describes a 64-year-old woman who suffered Mallory-Weiss tear resulting from inadvertent cardiopulmonary resuscitation by a bystander who had never been trained. Possible mechanisms of gastric injuries caused by CPR are suggested, and importance of adequate CPR training are emphasized in this report.
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation* ; Female ; Humans ; Mallory-Weiss Syndrome* ; Middle Aged

BACKGROUND: Current guidelines of advanced trauma life support recommend open thoracotomy when pericardiocentesis reveals bloody pericardial effusion in patients with blunt chest trauma. However, open thoracotomy may not be always required for treating patients alive until arriving emergency department, because rapid accumulation of the blood into pericardial space results in immediate death at scene. We report our experiences of treating traumatic pericardial effusion, and discuss the therapeutic modality in patients with traumatic pericardial effusion. METHODS: The study consisted of 37 patients(20 males and 17 females with the mean age 42) sustaining traumatic pericardial effusion. The patients were divided according to treatment modality into 3 groups(group I : patients receiving conservative management, group II : patients treated with pericardiocentesis, group III : patients required emergency thoracotomy). We compared clinical presentations, hemodynamic profiles and echocardiographic findings among three groups. RESULTS: Cardiac tamponade was present in 14 of 37 patients. Pericardiocentesis was performed in 13 patients, and open thoracotomy in 4 patients. Pericardiocentesis was curative in 9 patients. Thoracotomy was performed in only 3(24%) of 13 patients required pericardiocentesis. 3(75%) of 4 patients having moderate or severe pericardial effusion from penetrating injury were required open thoracotomy. CONCLUSION: In selected patients who have traumatic pericardial effusion by blunt chest injury, pericardiocentesis may be curative, and thoracotomy may not be inquired as long as bleeding via indwelling pericardial catheter is not sustained after pericardiocentesis.
Advanced Trauma Life Support Care ; Cardiac Tamponade ; Catheters ; Echocardiography ; Emergencies ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Female ; Hemodynamics ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Male ; Pericardial Effusion* ; Pericardiocentesis ; Thoracic Injuries ; Thoracotomy ; Thorax

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study is to analyze 1,068 cases of prenatal genetic amniocentesis and to compare the results with reported studies. METHOD: We analyzed 1,068 cases of midtrimester prenatal genetic amniocenteses from September 1994 to February 1999, and investigated the fetal chromosomal abnormality, obstetric outcomes and complications by the indications of genetic amniocentesis and prophylactic antibiotic use at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ajou University School of Medicine. RESULTS: Abnormal maternal serum markers were the most common indication of amniocentesis (57.7%) and the most common age distribution was 25-29 years (39.2%). One case of early amniocentesis (14 gestational weeks) was performed. The overall incidence of chromosomal aberration was 5.2% (56/1,068), of which there were 28 cases (50.0%; 28/56) of numerical aberrations and 28 cases (50.0%; 28/56) of structural aberrations. There were 50 cases (4.7%) of autosomal chromosomal aberrations and 6 cases (0.6%) of sex chromosomal aberrations. The pregnancy outcome was full-term delivery in 86.5%, preterm delivery in 7.6%, termination of pregnancy in 4.0%. There were no cases of serious complications including fetal death except for a case of self-limited amniotic fluid leakage(high leakage) in which the pregnancy was maintained. There were no significant differences between prophylactic antibiotics user group and non-user group in obstetric complications and outcomes. CONCLUSION: We could confirm that the trend in the indication of genetic amniocentesis had changed from advanced maternal age(35 year-old) toward abnormal maternal serum marker(triple test), and we recognized the importance of genetic amniocentesis according to the various antenatal screening tests of maternal serum marker, antenatal ultrasound, past history of fetal anomaly or family history of fetal chromosomal anomaly in the younger age groups(< 35 year-old) that are involved in more than half of the chromosomal anomaly. Further study will be needed to elucidate the efficacy of using prophylactic antibiotics in amniocentesis.
Age Distribution ; Amniocentesis* ; Amniotic Fluid ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Biomarkers ; Chromosome Aberrations ; Female ; Fetal Death ; Gynecology ; Humans ; Incidence ; Obstetrics ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Outcome ; Pregnancy Trimester, Second ; Prenatal Diagnosis ; Ultrasonography

PURPOSE: Invasive determination of cardiac output (CO) is possible via a pulmonary artery catheter but catheter implantation has risks. Clinicians can assess CO safely using a non-invasive cardiac output device such as a commercially available doppler system (ultrasonic cardiac output monitor, USCOM, USCOM Ltd, Australia) or using impedance cardiography (ICG). The purpose of this study was to investigate the consistency of hemodynamic measurements between ICG and USCOM in shock patients. METHODS: From June 2007 to October 2007, we prospectively evaluated 21 patients with shock, who visited our emergency center. We measured CO and systemic vascular resistance (SVR) using ICG and USCOM on arrival, and at 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes. RESULTS: The mean difference in CO between ICG and USCOM was 1.08+/-2.13 L/min. The percent limits of agreement (LOA) were -60.0 to 84.7% between ICG and USCOM. The correlation coefficient for CO between ICG and USCOM was 0.76 (p<0.01). CO values measured by ICG and USCOM were 4.3+/-1.7 vs 5.9+/-3.9 initially, 4.8+/-2.2 vs 6.0+/-3.9 at 30 min, 4.3+/-1.6 vs 5.1+/-2.9 at 60 min, 4.2+/-1.6 vs 4.9+/-2.7 at 90 min, and 4.1+/-1.6 vs 5.0+/-2.9 at 120 min, respectively. Statistical significance was observed within each modalities (p=0.03) but we did not find statistical significances between the two modalities. SVR (dynes*sec/cm5) values were measured by ICG and USCOM on arrival, and at 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes. No statistical significance was seen within and between study groups. CONCLUSION: ICG and USCOM do not show clinically acceptable agreement.
Cardiac Output ; Cardiography, Impedance ; Catheters ; Emergencies ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Organothiophosphorus Compounds ; Prospective Studies ; Pulmonary Artery ; Shock ; Ultrasonography, Doppler ; Vascular Resistance

No abstract available.
HL-60 Cells* ; Humans

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Proper proximal contact is important for maintaining and stabilizing the dental arch. However, the proximal contact strength (PCS) is not a constant value and can be affected by a variety of factors. PURPOSE: This study examined the influences of postural changes on the posterior PCS. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twelve adults with a normal occlusion and had not undergone prosthetic treatment or proximal restoration were participated in this study. A metal strip was inserted into the proximal surface and removed at a constant velocity. The contact strength was measured in every contact point between canine to second molar in both arches. The PCSs were obtained initially in the upright position, secondly in the supine position and finally in the upright position again. All measurements were repeated after a 2 hour period. Statistical analysis was carried out using the Friedman test (P < .05). RESULTS: Generally, a decrease in PCS occurred when the posture was changed from the initial upright to supine position, while it increased when the posture was changed from the supine to upright position. A significant change was observed in all areas except for between the canine-first premolar in the maxilla and between the first molarsecond molar in the mandible areas. CONCLUSION: The posterior PCS, which dentists generally believe to be a static feature of occlusion, is affected significantly by posture.
Adult ; Bicuspid ; Dental Arch ; Dentists ; Humans ; Mandible ; Maxilla ; Molar ; Posture ; Supine Position

No abstract available.
Polyarteritis Nodosa*

The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between insomnia severity, depression, anxiety, and anxiety sensitivity and to find out the explanatory variables that account for the insomnia severity among depression, anxiety, and anxiety sensitivity in general population. 95 mentally healthy volunteers who visit health promotion center of Kangbuk Samsung hospital for their regular medical examination were requested to complete Athens Insomnia Scale, Beck Depression Inventory, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and Anxiety Sensitivity Index. Association between total scores of Athens Insomnia scale and other variables (total scores of Beck Depression Inventory excluded item 16, total scores of State Anxiety, total scores of Trait Anxiety, and total scores of Anxiety Sensitivity Scale) was assessed individually with partial correlations adjusted by age and then together using multiple regression analysis. The total scores of Athens Insomnia Scale were significantly associated with total scores of Beck Depression Inventory excluded item 16(r = 0.541, p<0.001), total scores of Trait Anxiety(r = 0.642, p<0.001), total scores of State Anxiety(r = 0.267, p<0.05), and total scores of Anxiety Sensitivity Index(r = 0.312, p<0.01). Total scores of trait anxiety showed the highest correlation with the total scores of Athens Insomnia Scale and was the significant predictor to total scores of Athens Insomnia Scale among the other predictor variables (p<0.001). These results show that insomnia severity is positively correlated with depression, anxiety, and anxiety sensitivity. The correlation was strongest with trait anxiety. In addition, our results suggest that trait anxiety is associated with insomnia severity in general populations.
Anxiety* ; Depression* ; Health Promotion ; Healthy Volunteers ; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders*

PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to identify postoperative renal function and preoperative factors that can predict renal impairment after living donor nephrectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied 172 patients undergoing living donor nephrectomy for kidney transplantation (115 males, 57 females). We analyzed the renal function measured by serum creatinine and the 99mTc- diethylenetriamine penta-acetic acid (DTPA) renal scan. Using a univariate and multivariate analysis, we also analyzed multiple independent variables for the remaining renal function following living donor nephrectomy, such as serum creatinine, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), age, sex, duration of follow-up, blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), serum calcium, serum phosphate, serum uric acid. RESULTS: The mean age of the donors was 34 years, and the mean duration of the follow-ups was 11 months. The mean serum creatinine at 11 months after kidney donation was increased compared to preoperative creatinine (1.26mg/dl vs. 0.93mg/dl), and significantly greater in the males than in the females (1.36mg/dl vs. 1.09mg/dl). Mean GFR measured by the 99mTc- DTPA renal scan at 11 months after kidney donation was 69.2 ml/min/ 1.73m2 and similar for men and women (72.3ml/min/1.73m2 vs. 68.3ml/ min/1.73m2). The univariate analysis showed that preoperative creatinine was significantly associated with postoperative creatinine only (p<0.001), and age and sex were associated with the change in creatinine (p=0.046, p<0.001). The univariate analysis also showed that preoperative GFR and age were significantly associated with postoperative GFR (p<0.001, p<0.001), and age was associated with compensatory change in GFR (p= 0.008). The multivariate analysis showed that preoperative GFR was the primary predictive factor of postoperative GFR (r=0.73, p<0.001), and age was an independent secondary predictive factor (r= 0.67, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that postoperative renal function has been preserved in kidney donors, and preoperative creatinine, preoperative GFR, and age at donation were the important predictive factors of renal function after living donor nephrectomy.
Blood Pressure ; Body Mass Index ; Calcium ; Creatinine ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glomerular Filtration Rate ; Humans ; Kidney ; Kidney Transplantation ; Living Donors* ; Male ; Multivariate Analysis ; Nephrectomy* ; Pentetic Acid ; Tissue Donors ; Uric Acid