No abstract available.
Anxiety* ; Humans ; Renal Dialysis*

The purpose of study is to identify the relation between pain level and perceived family support and quality of life in musculoskeletal patient with chronic pain. The subjects for the study consist of 155 patients with musculoskeletal pain that received medical treatment in hospital or by attending hospital in Chon-JU. The data were collected during the period from August 5 to August 14, 1998 by means of interviews with structured questionnaire. Data analysis was done by descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation, Regression, Cronbach alpha using the SAS program. The result of this study were as follows: 1. The mean score of pain was 8.02, family support was 3.88 and quality of life was 3.07. 2. Hypothesis: The first hypothesis that 'The lower pain level is, the higher quality of life is' was accepted (r =-.2178, p= .0065) In addition, pain level of musculoskeletal patient with chronic pain provided predicted 4.7%(F =7.619. P = .0065) of quality of life The second hypothesis that 'The higher perceived family support is, the lower pain level is' was rejected (r=-.0376, p= .6425) The third hypothesis that 'The higher perceived family support is, is higher quality of life is' was accepted (r=.3212, p= .0001) In addition, perceived family support of musculoskeletal patient with chronic pain provided predicted 10.31%(F =17.597, P = .0001) of quality of life 3. General characteristics related pain were age(F=6.85, p=.0001 ),educational-level(F=9.29, p= .0001). occupation(F=5.81, p= .0037), marriage status(F=8.09, p= .0005), family numbers(F=5.73, p= .001), benefits of medical care(F=4.09, p= .0019), pain period(F=9.52, p= .0001), part of pain(F=2.33, p= .0352), pain period(F=3.08, p= .0181). 4. General characteristics related pain were sex(t=3.20, p= .0017), support sources(t=3.26, p= .0014), pain period(F=4.52, p= .0018). 5. General characteristics related pain were religion(t=3.11, p= .0022), benefits of medical care(F=3.61, p= .0293), pain duration(F=3.03, p= .0195). In conclusion, perceived family support in musculoskeletal patient with chronic pain is an important factor that can improve their quality of life. Therefore, nurses must establish nursing plan included patient's family when nurses carry out nursing intervention and education for patient so that a patient promote quality of life by maintaining optimal wellbeing.
Chronic Pain* ; Education ; Humans ; Jeollabuk-do ; Marriage ; Musculoskeletal Pain ; Nursing ; Quality of Life* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Statistics as Topic

Forty-nine children between the ages of 2 and 10 years, treated conservatively for fomoral shaft fracture, were studied clinically and radiographically to access the complications and related factors. They had an average follow-up of 48.8months(range, 12 to 77months). 35 percent of the patients had significant associated injuries. Leg length discrepancies of 10mm to 20mm are observed in 5 cases(10%) of the patients. The average overlap of bone ends at union was 6.5mm. The average growth acceleration was 8.8mm regardless of sex, age, upper limb dominance, fracture site or shape, but was promoted by overriding of the fracture ends at union, There were 16 cases(32%) of excessive angular deformity of 10° to 25° after union. However all deformities were remodelled enough to give normal alignment of the joint surface. The growth plate played on important role in the remodelling process.
Acceleration ; Child ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Follow-Up Studies ; Growth Plate ; Humans ; Joints ; Leg ; Upper Extremity

The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between the burden of family with the mentally ill and professional needs. Data collection period was from June 29, 1998 to July 30, 1998. The subjects for the study was 134 family members of psychiatric in-patients and out-patients in Taejon and Chungnam. The questionnaire developed by OK-KYUNG YANG to measure the family burden and professional needs was used for this study. The tools used for this study were composed of General characteristics(30 items), family burden(43 items), professional needs(26 items). The data was analyzed by using on SPSSWIN program and included percentage, mean, S.D., t-test, ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficient. The results of the analysis were as follows; The mean score of family burden was 134.26, which is higer than the mean score of the instrument. The mean score of professional need, the family caregiver who supporting of mentally ill patients, was .48 which is lower than the mean score of the instrument. Family burden was statistically correlated with professional needs(gamma=.6139, P<.001). There were statistically differences in family burden for respondent's relation, location of living, most care money giver, substant care money giver. There were statistically significant difference in professional need for family age, marriage status, substant care money giver, information status. The conclusion that can be drawn from this study is that addressing professional needs would contribute to reduce burden of the family caregivers with mentally ill. Therefore, Nursing interventions are needed to reduce family burden.
Caregivers ; Chungcheongnam-do ; Daejeon ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Humans ; Marriage ; Mentally Ill Persons* ; Nursing ; Outpatients

No abstract available.
Blood Donors* ; Communicable Diseases* ; Humans

BACKGROUND: The confgurations of the skin surface, as characterized by surface furrows and plateaux, are known to change with ageing. There are many parameters to analyze the effects of ageing processes on the surface configuration. However, there are contradictory results among the authors. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare the sensitivity of various parameters being described in other reports with our new parameters used in evaluating the changes of the skin surface in the agein processes. METHODS: 112 healthy Korean males in 4 age groups participated in this study. Silicon skin replicas were taken from medial and lateral aspects of the forearm. Images of the skin replicas were analyzed by means of a digital image processing system (AIC, GA). Most parameters were calculated and measured in the primary skin axis. Image analyses were porformed by 3 different processes i.e., morphometry, densitometry (optical profilometry), and histograms. RESULTS: In Morphometry, the furrow count in the vertical section (VFC), the coefficient of the developed skin surface (CDSS) and mean width at maximal interception (MWMI) showed a tendencies to decrease with ageing.Irregularity of shadow shape (ISS) showed a tendency to increase with ageing. In Densitometry, the mean surface roughness(Ra) and mean depth of roughness(Rz) showed a tendency to increase with ageing. On histogram analysis, skewness was decreased with ageing but kurtosis did not show any significant changes. CONCLUSION:Ra, Rz, and ISS have shown a tendency to increase in the ageing processes (p<0. 05). VFC, CDSS, MWMI and skewness showed tendencies to decrease with ageing but the results were not statistically significant. The different results between morphometry and densitometry are likely to be due to increrr ent angles in the skin furrows with ageing.
Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Densitometry ; Forearm ; Humans ; Male ; Silicones ; Skin*

BACKGROUND: With the development of medical science and technology, the proprotion of the aged has been significantly increasecl. Therefore it needs to be studied the fuadamental epidemiologic survey of dermatologic diseases and akin care in the elderly. OBJECT: Our purpose was to provide clinically relevant data regaring both dermatologic diseases and skin care in the aged population. MEHTODS: Total 172 volunteers aged 51 to 90 were enrolled in a study of 32-item questionnaire and total cutaneous examination. RESULTS: The sex ratio of male to female of 172 elderly volunteers as 1:1.4 and population of 7th and 8th decades occupied 76.5% with their mean age 74.4. The dermatologic findings which showed higher incidence in this study were seborrheic keratosis, senile lentigines, xerosis, cherry angioma, and generalized pruritus. Through the interviews of 172 elderly, the mot fequent dermatologic complaint was generalized pruritus. As the mean age of the population increasec, the number of the population showing xerosis and complaing of pruritus was elevated(r=0.976. 0.917 respectively). And there was a significant stastical correlation between the finding of xerosis and the the presence of pruritus(P<0.005). CONCLUSION: This study suggests that dermatologic problems in the elilerly are very common ancl further dermatologic studies including substantial medical care will be needed.
Aged ; Epidemiology ; Female ; Hemangioma ; Humans ; Incidence ; Keratosis, Seborrheic ; Lentigo ; Male ; Prunus ; Pruritus ; Sex Ratio ; Skin Care* ; Skin Diseases* ; Skin* ; Volunteers

No abstract available.
Molluscum Contagiosum*

PURPOSE: To document the radiologic characteristic findings of atypical ductal epithelial hyperplasia, we analyzed film mammographic, ultrasonographic, and MRI findings of our cases. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed 23 cases of surgically proven ADH, excluding carcinoma in ipsilateral breast. Presence and pattern of neodensity, microcalcification, and architectural distortion were reviewed on mammography. Echo pattern and ductal parenchymal morphology were analyzed on ultrasonography, and enhancement speed and pattern analysis were performed on MRI. RESULTS: On film mammography, ADH showed tendency of neodensity(10 of 23 cases), m icrocalcification(11 of 23 cases), with less parenchymal distortion of surrounding structures(7 of 23 cases). On ultrasonography, ADH was demonstrated as inhomogenous to intermediate echoic nodule(16 of 20 cases) with ragged border(19 of 20 cases), however, its boundary was thin or nearly absent(16 of 20 cases), and showed smooth ductal echography(11 of 20 cases). Gd-DTPA contrast dynamic MR study showed relatively slow and less enhancement in 4 out of 5 cases, with progressive inclination of the speed curve of enhancement in later period of dynamic study. CONCLUSION: Multimodality image approach is needed for better evaluation of ADH, however, excisional biopsy is recommended for confirmative diagnosis and proper treatement.
Biopsy ; Breast* ; Diagnosis ; Gadolinium DTPA ; Hyperplasia* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Mammography ; Ultrasonography*

In this paper, I will examine the variables influencing the Quality of Life of arthritis patients and present basic materials which help arthritis patients have positive thinking in life and ultimately lead a satisfactory life. The subjects for this study are 231 inpatients and outpatients with arthritis living in J and K city in Chonbug Province. For the analysis of collected data I employed the SAS program. The variables for characteristics and the quality of life were analysed by descriptive statistics, T-test and ANOVA, and the relations among variables were analysed through Pearson Correlation; the Regression method was employed to predict the factors affecting quality of life. For the validity of reliance on measuring equipment Cronbach Alpha was used. The results of the study are as follows: (1)The mean score of quality of life of arthritis patients is 3.09(5 in the maximum). The general characteristics which affect the quality of life are age(F=5.13, p=0.0006), standard of education(F=6.49, p=0.0003), marriage status(F=7.77, p=0.0005), monthly pay(F=4.37, p=0.0020), medical benefits (F=4.85, p=0.0087), and supports(F=4.39, p=0.0050). For the disease-related characteristics, there is a significant difference in the 6 items: pain control method(F=5.92, p= 0.0002), physical therapy(F=3.25, p=0.013), whethere or not patients exercise(F=4.62, p=0.0000), regularity of exercise(F=4.79, p=0.0000), frequency of exercise(F=6.29, p=0.0001), and amount of exercise(F=4.62, p=0.0043). Depending on the type of arthritis, there is also a significant difference in the degree of pain felt. The patients with infectious arthritis suffer from pain the most, followed by those with gout, rheumatism and degenerative arthritis, in that order. Although statistics don't show any convincing evidence, those with gout perceive that they are in best health condition, followed by those with rheumatism, degenerative arthritis, and infectious arthritis, in that order(F=2.23, p=0.0669). (2)The quality of life of arthritis patients is correlated positively with perceived health status(r=0.56, p=0.0001), health promoting behavior(r=0.53, p=0.0001), family support (r=0.46, p=0.0001), amount of exercise (r=0.36, p=0.0001), ADL(r=0.36, p=0.0001), HLOC(r=0.32, p=0.0001), frequency of exercise(r=0.32, p=0.0001)in that order, while correlated negatively with the degree of pain felt(r=-0.32, p=0.0001), the number of pain regions(r=-0.19, p= 0.0041), and the duration of pain(r=-0.14, p=0.0279). (3)Regression analysis reveals that the most powerful predictor of the quality of life is perceived health status, which account for 31.11%. The other predictors of the quality of life, which account for 60.22%, are health promoting behavior(16.51%), family support(3.81%), ADL(2.52%), gender(1.86%), the number of family members(1.36%), level of pain(1.24%), duration of pain (1.08%), and level of education(0.67%). The results of the study show that perceived health status and health promoting behavior are the two most important variables. However, considering that the perceived health condition is difficult to control by nursing intervention, it is suggested that the level of expectation for patients, must be decided first, and the health promoting behavior and the family support influencing the quality of life must be taken into account as targets for nursing intervention. As a way of controlling the quality of life, I think that a more comprehensive approach comprising the above important variables along with demographic and general characteristics is needed. I also suggest that we must continue to explore the variables affecting the quality of life and include those variables in nursing intervention.
Arthritis* ; Arthritis, Infectious ; Gout ; Humans ; Inpatients ; Marriage ; Nursing ; Osteoarthritis ; Outpatients ; Quality of Life* ; Rheumatic Diseases ; Thinking